Hammurabi journal for studies

I did not imagine that some stone has a soul, just as it has veins in which blood flows, and it has feelings and sensations that may be more gentle than humans sometimes. Yes, I did not imagine that until I witnessed the Mosul Museum massacre, committed by the terrorist organization ISIS. So I made sure of that, Glory be to the Creator (God), when the dazzling sadness appears on an inanimate object as if it were a living being.

The course of Iraqi-American relations, especially the phase of the US occupation of Iraq after 2003 and then preparation for the military withdrawal from it, witnessed the conclusion of a number of agreements and understandings that formed a basis for framing the different relations between the two countries, the most important of which was the declaration of principles for the long-term relationship of cooperation and friendship in November 2007, and an agreement to withdraw US forces from Iraq, and the Strategic Framework Agreement for the Relationship of Friendship and Cooperation between the US Forces and the Republic of Iraq, which was agreed upon on November 17, 2008.
The last agreement included many different entitlements, whether on the political, military, security, agreement, economic, health and environmental levels, the technological field or communications, reaching the level of cooperation in the field of law enforcement and the judiciary. These are the levels included in this agreement with its various sections, which the two countries are supposed to implement in order to serve the relations between them. However, the reality and the internal events and changes it faces in the two countries, regional and related to the Middle East region, and international ones that increase the obligations and put the burdens on the United States of America in the field of its international relations and its foreign policies have been influential in the field of placing the various entitlements of this agreement into place for both parties.

After the Iraqi Parliament decided (June 2007) to extend the work of the American forces, and called for setting a timetable for the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq, he informed the Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki that Iraq will request for the last time the extension of Resolution No. 1511, which defined the rights and duties of the occupying forces until the 31st December 2008. On November 26, 2007, the US government published what it called a “Declaration of Principles on a Long-Term Relationship of Cooperation and Friendship between the Republic of Iraq and the United States of America”. The declaration included aspects related to economic, political and military cooperation between the two countries, and set a date for concluding the agreement The comprehensive security between the two parties on July 31, 2008.
On November 16, 2008, the Iraqi Council of Ministers approved the agreement after 27 ministers voted in favor of it out of 37 members in the council. Nine members were absent and one member abstained. Then, Iraqi Foreign Minister Hoshyar Zebari and US Ambassador Crocker signed it in an official ceremony. On November 27, the House of Representatives ratified the agreement, as 149 out of 275 members voted in favor of it (54% of the vote). 35 members opposed the agreement, most of them from the Sadrist bloc, and 91 members did not vote, of whom 15 did not attend the session. On December 4, 2008, the Iraqi Presidency Council ratified the agreement. A public referendum was supposed to be held on the agreement in July 2009, but it was not held.

The American military presence in Iraq after 2003 has produced a very thorny scene, and there are multiple visions within Iraq of this presence and its nature as well as how to deal with it, in front of the American administration, the increasing material and human losses incurred by the American occupying forces in Iraq have put the American administration on In an embarrassing position in front of domestic and international public opinion, especially in light of the continuing deterioration of the security situation and steadily, and this is what prompted the American administration to find a way out that saves it`s face and realizes a large part of its interests and on this basis, we mention the formation of the Baker-Hamilton committee to find solutions, especially On the security side, and one of the most important visions of that committee was the need for the countries neighboring Iraq to participate in the issue of the security solution for what was called the Iraqi dilemma.
The United States of America has apparently reached a conviction that it is better to leave Iraq voluntarily than to exit through coercion, which is a failure of the current superpower, and on this basis, the Strategic Framework Agreement between Iraq and the United States of America was considered an emergency exit, so to speak, so we ask what it is Strategic Framework Agreement? What are the most prominent features? How was the vision of the two parties of relationship? Did the two sides committed and fulfill their mutual obligations?

Future studies help us in our research towards exploring the significance of patrimony and its future trends through the probabilistic approach in order to measure the trends on which the issue of Iraqi-American relations depends on through three scenes to reveal the dialectic of the relationship and the continuity of movement and interaction between the great powers and the small powers with their American-Iraqi model.

There is no doubt that Iraq is a vital American interest, as the events of 2003 and what followed are not far away. It may explain to everyone that American interests in this country are great, some of which are linked to oil and others to security and strategic aspects.
The United States of America is a superpower that dominates the international pyramid, and that its continuation at its top is the goal of its strategy, and its continuation and leadership of this pyramid imposes great costs on it. Its theorists and supporters of the continuation of American hegemony justify this within the framework of the idealist theory, given that it is not like the rest of the empires that have died, as it is trying to present itself as a protector of human values and defending democracy, but the fact that can be observed is that the behavior of this empire is within the framework of realistic theory In international relations based on interest and power.
In the framework of interest and power, the United States of America has worked, through several strategies and principles since the Cold War to the present day, to preserve its interests, and among the most important of these strategies and principles (containment strategy - Truman principle - Carter principle - pre-emptive and preventive war ... etc).

In 1818 the British novelist (Mary Shelley) published a novel entitled (Frankenstein), which revolves around an intelligent student named (Victor Frankenstein) at the German University of Reckensburg, who was able to arrive at a method whereby he revives life in matter, and begins to make a huge creature but makes a mistake He finds that his creature is extremely ugly, and a while before it comes to life, he escapes from the university laboratory, then returns with a friend who came to visit him to the laboratory, but they do not find this (monster), the events of the story continue with the accident of the killing of a brother (Victor) by that ( The metamorphic), then with a false accusation that the maid is executed, (Frankenstein) knows that his metamorphic is responsible for these events, then (the metamorphic) comes to him and asks him to make a woman for him because he feels lonely, but (Frankenstein) fears that she will be as evil as the (metamorphic) male he thinks that they may have given birth to a new evil metamorphic, and in the end he realizes that his creation of that (metamorphic) was a disaster for him and those around him.

International interactions and their variables, dealing behaviors and constants define the characteristics and strategies of states and their positions, and Iraq has always been a major part, and a region that cannot be crossed in the US strategy because of its vital role, not at the regional level, but rather the fact that its influence far exceeds that, and Iraq which is linked With a security cooperation agreement and a strategic framework with the United States, its axes have imposed an active role towards any common threat that might threaten the security and safety of Iraq, especially since the United States bears the greatest burden in the matter of rebuilding and rehabilitating a new army that has all the new armament specifications in a regional and international environment , is still looking at Iraq from the perspective of a confrontation state, not from the perspective of a neighboring state. This effect was very clear in that environment that provided ISIS support and assistance, while it had to be aware that the growing danger in Iraq might force its countries to bear its future repercussions.

The emergence of the Popular Mobilization Forces at the level of the military establishment in Iraq was not sudden, but rather as a result of the conditions that Iraq went through after the events in Mosul, to enhance the efforts of the Iraqi security forces to eliminate "ISIS". In early January 2014 armed groups affiliated with "ISIS" managed to take control of Fallujah and Ramadi, as well as control of Garma and parts of Haditha, Jurf al-Sakhar, Anah, al-Qaim, and many small areas in Anbar Province. While the Iraqi army began waging a large-scale attack against ISIS fighters in Anbar, with the aim of returning the governorate to government control, in early June, ISIS began to revive its sleeper cells to advance towards the central and northern regions of Iraq, so that on the tenth of June it could take control of the city of Mosul, the second largest city in Iraq, soon expanded to the east of the city of Mosul to seize some areas and villages in Kirkuk governorate, and then to Salah al-Din Governorate to seize the city of Tikrit and most districts and suburbs of the province, amid the decline of the Iraqi army's capacity due to the multiplicity of combat fronts and the collapse morale, and this was an impetus for the organization of "ISIS" to expand its campaign to reach Baghdad, after armed groups from the organization managed to control the two districts of Saadia and Jalawla in Diyala province, which are about 65 km northeast of Baghdad.

The description of the US Secretary of State and National Security Adviser Henry Kinsger, who said that “the Middle East is a small geography and a crowded history,” was accompanied by the beginning of the features of American planning for the future of this vital region in everything. It is not a victory for one sect without others, nor for the supremacy of one sect over another, but rather to ignite the region with a hateful sectarian war, whereby sectarianism turns into a tool for political analysis in it, and turns into an accurate prism that reflects the contradictions within one nation, in order to sort out the so-called components and then occupy them with each other, It seems that the resort to this policy is a result of the emergence of the term “soft war” as opposed to “soft power,” using “force majeure,” as the first means hidden war, war by proxy, while the second means entry into the world through economic, military and political aid, and the effects of Informational for survival and influence.

No one doubts that the accelerating and flowing changes in the Arab world are almost instantaneous and unprecedented, those immediate in the steep variables were not only at the level of the revolutionary Arab street and its successive victories over adhesive systems for decades, but the matter extends until the cauldron of change becomes exploding more hell about our world shackled by what is silente about it and the relative slowness that touched us when the great pages of change took place in the nineties, and if the Arab mentality had been singled out for it and by virtue of inherited perceptions and support (both nationalism, religious interpretation, and the amalgamated legacy, a set of justifications) that did not withstand long in the face of intertwined and escalating inevitable the Arab world is experiencing it in its last years, which have produced and will produce many surprises for us at the level of politics, culture, economy and social mobility.