iklil for Humanity Studies

Parfois, le destinateur a tendance à répéter ce qu'il a précédemment dit sous une autre forme, afin de rendre son discours plus clair et plus compréhensible au destinataire. Cette technique est appelée la reformulation. Cette recherche fait la lumière sur la technique de paraphrase utilisée par le romancier français Claude Simon, dans son roman La Route des Flandres.
Ce roman foisonné de multiples exemples dont la paraphrase penche à utiliser le connecteur (c'est-à-dire) en tant que trait linguistique fait surgir la curiosité du chercheur pour identifier les raisons de ce choix voulu. Claude Simon est un des pionniers du Nouveau Roman ; ceux-ci sont connus par cette approche stylistique, entre autres, Nathalie Sarraute et Alain Robbe-Grillet.
Cette recherche vise à étudier la reformulation par le connecteur c'est-à-dire, tout en apportant une définition du concept de la reformulation et ses types, ainsi que les types de connecteurs utilisés pour la reformulation tels que (c'est-à-dire, en d'autres termes, brièvement, etc.). Cette étude porte également sur la définition du concept d'équivalence sémantique en tant que critère de reformulation. Puis, nous tentons de mettre en relief l'importance de l'utilisation de (c'est-à-dire) en analysant des exemples relevés dans La Route des Flandres.

Il contributo si propone di discutere l'importanza di analizzare gli errori e le loro tipologie, oltre alle principali cause di imprecisioni linguistiche degli studenti arabofoni che apprendono una seconda lingua, in particolar modo l’italiano . La maggior parte di questo lavoro è dedicata ai problemi linguistici affrontati dagli apprendenti arabofoni mediorientali di lingua italiana. L'articolo tratta brevemente dell'influenza linguistica della lingua araba sull'apprendimento dell'italiano, la quale influenza la produzione di errori e sbagli di ortografia,di pronuncia, di vocabolario e di alcune caratteristiche grammaticali selezionate. la ricerca si concentra sugli errori grammaticali, e si conclude con la presentazione di alcune implicazioni educative delle analisi degli errori.

The present research aims to identify the role of social media in developing Iraqi EFL learners' level in the academic writing and to examine if there is a significant difference among students in social media use based on their academic stage. Additionally, the research aims to identify which academic stage do students use social media in learning academic writing more than the other stages. Thus, One hundred twenty EFL students were selected randomly from the Department of English at the College of Education for Women / University of Baghdad as the sample of this research. A questionnaire of (12) items with 5-alternatives developed by Saleh, S. T. (2019) was administered to the research sample as it is a quantitative in nature. SPSS version (23) was employed to answer the raised questions included: a one-sample t-test was run, One-way ANOVA, and the researcher used post hoc tests to categorize which academic stage uses social media more than the others. The findings of the research revealed that social media has a strong positive role in developing Iraqi EFL learners' level in the academic writing. There is a significant difference among students based on their academic stage in learning academic writing through social media use. Students in the second stage come close to the first stage in employing social media in learning academic writing. As for stage three and stage four, students use social media in learning academic writing less than the students in the second stage.

By the late of 2019, a global viral pandemic caused by coronavirus (commonly known as Covid-19) started to pervade the world. It brought forth differing reactions in different countries. These reactions mediated by media, which brought the ideological underpinnings into report. This study examines the ideological discourse structures used to represent covid-19 in The Guardian online newspaper reports in the light of Van Dijk’s ideological square framework. The samples of nine news reports are chosen over a period started from January 17, 2020 to August 13, 2020. The analysis of these reports shows a negative representation for COVID-19 discourse. Seven of Van Dijk ideological discourse structures like Number Game, Evidentiality, Lexicalization, Examplification, Burden, Comparison and Actor Description are identified in the study.

The current study aims to investigate EFL university students' preferences between linguistic and literary courses, whether such preferences vary according to gender and academic stages and the reasons behind their preferences. A set of questions are presented to be answered and a set of hypotheses are stated to be verified. For such a purpose, 269 male and female students were randomly chosen from the Department of English College of Basic Education University of Mosul, in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 to be the sample of the study. A questionnaire of thirty-five open-ended and closed-ended questions is constructed as an instrument for data collection to provide a deeper understanding of the survey results. By using the SPSS program, the collected data are statistically analyzed. Based on the results obtained, a set of the main findings, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further studies are produced.

Данная посвящена изучению взаимосвязь языка и мышления и ее влияние на процесс перевода. Рассматривается на работе понятия язык и мышления и процесс перевода. Мы выбрали эту тему, исходя по нашей скромной точке зрения, из того, что избранная тема является активным вопросам практического значения

В данной статье мы попытаемся исследовать это пересечение, где русская литература встречается с иракской культурой. Оно направлено на то, чтобы углубиться в то, как темы «Вишневого сада», в частности, его исследование прошлого, настоящего и будущего, находят отголоски в иракском контексте. Цель состоит в том, чтобы понять не только пьесу в ее историческом контексте, но и экстраполировать ее темы, чтобы изучить, как они рассуждают в рамках трансформации и развития самого иракского общества.

This study adopts deconstruction as a way of reading a text to challenge the traditional notion of reaching a final and undeniable truth. The theory enhances our critical reading of literary texts, and makes us more conscious of ideology implied in discourse. The study examines the identity of Akhenaten in Naguib Mahfouz’s Akhenaten: Dweller in Truth. This historical novel about pharaonic Egypt presents multiple versions of Akhenaten’s personality based on the ideology of each speaker. Accordingly, through the lenses of deconstruction, the identity of the pharaoh never reaches a final authentic reality as the novel unfolds. The text of the novel continues to defer the meaning, and the pharaoh’s identity remains unstable

Baruch Snozza is a Dutch philosopher, one of the most important philosophers of the 17th century. He was born on November 24, 1632 in Amsterdam and died on February 21, 1677 in The Hague. At the beginning of his youth, he agreed with the philosophy of Descartes's view of the duality of body and mind as two separate things, but he returned and changed his point of view later and stressed that they are not separate because they are one entity. Snyozha began his philosophical project with historical criticism of religion, where he emphasized rational knowledge, so he was hardly accused, but he made God an exceptional topic at all academic levels and engaged in dialogue and discussion on the smallest details. Snyozha combined the rational method and the scientific method in criticizing religious texts. Sensoza rejected the religious text as a source of distraction, but rather it is a historical document written by people. Snyozha concluded that there is no proof of any idea that is true, such as the idea of the existence of God and that God is the cause of existence. Thus, Snyozha was considered one of the most important thinkers of that century, as his position on religion was based on its reliance on intuitive, rational knowledge, and he was against empiricism because he considered it disjointed, with no connection between them. Likewise, Snyozha stood against rational, inferential knowledge because it lacks clarity and distinction, which he considered to be the two basic qualities in obtaining technical knowledge. Here I agree with Descartes that access to technical knowledge can only be achieved through intuitive, rational knowledge

Ibn sabeina is considered one of the thinkers of Andalusia in the seventh century AH, and despite some calls that after Ibn Rushd there is no philosophy, and that Islamic philosophy has ended, philosophical history proves to us that Islamic philosophy has continued to this day, and despite... Ibn sabeina is a close relative of Ibn Rushd, but he was part of a continuous and continuous chain of Islamic philosophical thought.
Weemix up Ibn sabeina Between Sufism and philosophy for him in order to give philosophical thought its Islamic character represented by Sufism. He did not favor the Peripatetic schools in Islam, and considered that most Islamic philosophers came with the same Greek theses, and this does not express Islamic identity. Philosophy - for him - must have an Islamic character. Purely, and distinct from the philosophies of other nations.
Ibn sabeina had a different vision in philosophical Sufism, in addition to rejecting the philosophical trends that existed at that time, because he saw that these philosophical trends were a copy of Greek philosophy, and that philosophy in the Islamic world should not be a copy of Greek philosophy.

In this research, we are trying to reach a summary of the topics of political philosophy of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, the state, for example, civil society, authority, systems of government, and law.
We have tried to show the similarities and differences in these subjects, how Augustine viewed the state and what Aquinas said about it, is civil society different for Aquinas from Augustine, and whether the systems of government are the same for them, or different, and finally the law and the point of view of each of them towards it.

Deconstruction theory according to Jacques Derrida is an important philosophical concept linked to literary and philosophical criticism. This concept aims to clarify how to dismantle and replace traditional hierarchies and fixed values in texts and thought. Derrida believes that meanings are not fixed and separate from each other, but rather depend on context and language.
Derrida uses terms such as “deconstruction” and “metaphysics” to express this approach. This concept shows how complex concepts and cultural heritage can be unpacked through linguistic and textual analysis. Derrida also introduces the idea of “the speaking author,” as he considers that the author is not the final authority in interpreting the text, but rather that readers and recipients can participate in constructing meanings.

This study is considered part of the studies concerned with theology and Islamic philosophy, a comparative study in controversial issues between the Mu'tazila and the Ash'ari, and I do not claim that I have understood all these issues, but I can definitively study the most prominent of them. Which prompted me to choose this topic: First: the existence of two contradictory opinions in determining the nature of the relationship between Shi’ism and Mu’tazila. There is the prevailing belief among most non-Imami researchers that the Mu’tazila are the ancestors of the Imamiyyah and that they “i.e. the Imamiyyah” have been greatly influenced by the Mu’tazili approach and thought. Second: The other thing that prompted me to choose this type of study is the great desire of the same researcher to choose a topic that deals with the beliefs and ideas of the Mu'tazila after the clear interest in them from a large number of modern researchers who found that neglecting the thought of the Mu'tazila is neglecting the great intellectual and scientific treasures in the nation's thought, so the researcher wanted to satisfy His desire by partial study of this thought. The most correct opinion regarding the issue of divine power is that it is absolute and infinite, contrary to a number of Mu'tazila who said that God, Glory be to Him, is not described as having power over ugly and evil because He necessitates oppression, nor over what a servant can do because it is either obedience or disobedience. Between His absolute power, Glory be to Him, and the non-occurrence of the action from Him, not because of His inability, but because of His exaltedness, Glory be to Him, from doing an ugly act. The infallibility of the prophets was marginal. Everyone said the infallibility of the Prophet in conveying the message and receiving the revelation, and the dispute arose in the permissibility of the minor over the prophets. The Mu'tazilites said that the minor was permissible over the prophets. Differentiation between prophets and angels, the Imamis said that the prophets are better and the Mu'tazilites said that the angels are better, and the researcher prefers the saying of the Imamis, due to the strength of the textual evidence that they used to confirm their saying.

Since its inception in the 1960s and 1970s، the postmodernism has undergone many transformations and changes in terms of aesthetic concepts and standards. In the field of aesthetic، the compilations and writings of critics، philosophers and postmodernism theorists have addressed many new issues، terminology، theories and concepts. The concept of the Simulacra is one of the concepts associated with the postmodernism era. It was studied and analyzed by a group of philosophers of the time، notably Gilles Dulouz،. The concept of the Simulacra was developed in a long and complex discourse throughout the history of philosophy، as it has reached its zeal with the forefront of theoretical thought in the latter part of the twentieth century، in the work of theorists، where their writings included different views on the concept of the simulacra، which seemed hidden، and more connected to the postmodern era

The recruitment of terrorist groups using modern communication and media technology is a phenomenon that has worsened and increased in seriousness at various levels، which led the Iraqi legislator to allocate penal provisions under the Anti-Terrorism Act No. 13 of 2005 and the Iraqi Penal Code No. 111of 1969 to criminalize this phenomenon and reduce its repercussions، and through this study we aim to know the criminal policy in the Iraqi legislator's approach to combating the crime of electronic recruitment of terrorism as one of the modern organized criminals that It relies on digital weapons in all its crimes for the purpose of evaluating its approach and reaching a set of proposals to confront this phenomenon in its religious، economic and social dimensions and directly affecting the security and stability of society.

We discussed this topic through comparative and analytical study, as we will examine what is stipulated in the international legislations of the means of protection for women's right to work, then we discussed deal with the existing guarantees for the working woman in the national labor law, with a reference to some national laws and international conventions. First Subject: Restriction of women's work for the considerations related to some hard and dangerous work
First Requirement: Restriction for the hard work considerations Second equirement: Restriction for the dangerous work considerations. Second Subject: Restriction of women's work for the considerations related to the working time and number of hours First Requirement: Restriction for work time considerations Second Requirement: Restriction for the considerations of the number of work hours.

Here, the supposed pillar in this field represents the trait of (journalist), and the focus of this research will be on the study of crimes in which the status of a journalist is a supposed corner in crime through the branches
the investigation of some crimes depends on the establishment of two basic pillars, one material and the other moral, as it requires the presence of a section of crimes along with its physical and moral elements - which represent a unified factor in all crimes - other physical, natural or legal pillars independent of the crime, and these elements are what criminal jurisprudence calls the supposed pillar

Members of the judicial police occupy a major role in achieving justice and extending the law. This importance they occupy comes from what the penal laws have given them، which facilitates them in controlling the crime and revealing its truth in preparation for imposing the penalty. However، in order to achieve complete justice، the members of the judicial police must adhere to the limits set by him. The law، which they must observe when exercising their duties.These limits are embodied in taking into account the basic human rights that guarantee their protection and non-violation، as wasting them constitutes a crime for which the law is accountable. Thus، setting policies that judicial officers follow in accordance with the law constitutes a sure guarantee for the protection of the basic rights of individuals، in addition to being a guarantee for law enforcement officers. The judiciary themselves are prevented from raising liability against them، and this guarantee constitutes a protective shield for them to prevent anyone from acting against them due to the illegality of the procedures followed and thus the invalidity of the actions they have undertaken as long as they adhere to the limits of the organization set by the legislator.

The relationship between the employer and the employee is of a special nature, due to the great disparity between them at all levels. Although it is subject to the general theory of contracts in terms of the necessity of offer and acceptance, it is, due to the wide disparity between the legal status of its parties, necessitating the intervention of the legislator in establishing special legal provisions. It guarantees the minimum rights for the worker. The legislator’s intervention was only to provide a kind of legal protection for the worker when he considered the legal rights that the worker had acquired to be a minimum that could not be exceeded. Rather, the parties could agree to come up with what is better than those rights provided by the legislation. Which the legislator considered the minimum rights that the worker deserves, as no other clause that contradicts the legislation can be applied, The way to achieve the best is for the parties to the work relationship to live up to the limit set by the legislator, even if this leads to violating the law as long as that violation is in the interest of the worker, which necessarily requires knowledge of the legal basis for applying these provisions that violate the text of the law.

Crimes that violate the duties of the job are among the crimes that are harmful to the public interest، in which the legislator was keen to distance the public job from everything that harms it and jeopardizes its integrity، and that the right attacked therein is the state. These actions cannot be limited to a specific form or form، but rather vary depending on the authorities responsible for them، as well as the result of scientific and technical development in all fields، including functional ones، which require the use of these means and exploiting them to achieve special benefits outside the scope of the job. Thus، penal legislation has worked to address what is committed. An employee may take actions that make his job a tool for private benefit at the expense of the state’s interest. As a result، the employee or person charged with a public service is a human being who may commit transgressions that violate the laws، thus exploiting his job as a result of several factors. On this basis، the legislator surrounded the job requirements with an impenetrable fence by criminalizing the exploitation of the job، which constitutes an obstacle for the employee to exploit it.

This research deals with the manifestations of grammar renewal of the Iraqi researcher Ahmed Abdul Sattar Al-Jawari (1924 _ 1988) through his book (Ho Qur'an), through extrapolation of the book and the extraction of the most important grammatical topics and the views of Al-Jawari in them, the research has concluded a number of results, the most important of which was the establishment of grammatical renewal in the research of maidservants on the main idea, which is to start from the reality of Quranic use and make it the basis of grammar, and not the opposite He refuses to make the Qur'anic text subject to the grammatical rule.

This research sheds light on the definition of the Moroccan scholar Muhammad ibn Mansour al-Shafshawni (d. 1232 AH), one of the scholars of the thirteenth century, and the statement of the shortcomings of him through the explanation of the Shabrawy system of Imam Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Amer bin Sharaf al-Din al-Shabrawy al-Masri (d. 1171 AH) and the Shabrawy system is one of the grammatical systems organized by al-Shabrawi from fifty houses that included five jumbal chapters of the first chapter: In the definition of speech, the second: in the statement of the truth of the expression, the third: in the statement of the number of names raised, the fourth: the statement of the number of noun erections, and the fifth: in the statement of the number of names reserved.

The symbol is one of the prominent phenomena in contemporary Iraqi poetry، in that it is a tool for intensifying reality without analysis. Because the language of poetry is the language of sign، not the language of illustration، and it is based on the structure of buried relationships that push the reader to rebuild the intellectual coherence that goes beyond the limits of direct capture، so the eighty poet Karim Scheidel employed the symbol as a tool to convey the poetic experience to the reader by overcoming the positivist meanings of the vocabulary، and getting out of it from The limits of ordinary language to a broader field that carries emotional experience and suggestive connotations; To make it open to the cultural، social and contextual connotations near and far، when words in their lexical meaning cannot perform that poetic

There are many ancient languages, some of which have revealed to us the archaeological texts recorded in them, which distinguish them from other languages. With its cultural depth that extends over thousands of years, it shares many linguistic characteristics with Arabic, but these languages separated from Arabic for many reasons, the most important of which are (linguistic conflicts, migrations, and geographical growth), and the common links between them were lost later. Therefore, I resorted to the field of philology to trace and search for the reasons for their differences, and to document the linguistic connection between them, using comparative linguistics as a means through which I try to prove the mutual relations between languages belonging to a single origin, and to provide sufficient evidence about the common linguistic heritage between these languages. Benefiting from it in achieving coherence between languages that have branched off from the mother tongue and separated from each other in order to restore their unification and interconnectedness.
After studying and researching the Semitic languages and their origins, and what they have been exposed to over thousands of years, I reached the following results:
-Many reasons, including (political, religious, economic and social), made languages belonging to a linguistic origin isolated from each other.
- The Holy Qur’an revived the Semitic heritage and recalled linguistic phenomena that had disappeared over time.
-The mother Semitic language faced two conflicting factors: linguistic differentiation and linguistic unification. The factor of linguistic differentiation that occurs in the mother tongue for many reasons is what leads to its fragmentation And its branches disperse

In this thesis l᾽ ve tried to collect the Linguistics text terems and mentioned the schoolers who used aspasific terms these thesis terms which being studied through standereds which been put by the schoolers to be guiged upon aspasific text to be a text.
A text which is worthy to be study in Light of the linguistic text theory which already being followed by the definition of the text and its structures.
The thesis have abig help from the modern strnctural sorices which is beig transulted from other Languages or written by Arabian schoolors.