JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

The aim of the present study is to determine the concentration of zinc & iron in dates & vegetables and compare the results with other foods. The present study conclude that the concentration of Fe & Zinc of some selected samples of Iraqi dates and vegetables were higher than all previous works done on Iraqi vegetables, & within the safe limits for Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), respectively set by the WHO/FAO. The present study recommends that pregnant & lactating women should encourage to take dates for at least twice a day. Also, Trace & major elements in vegetables & fruit in Baghdad city should be measured.

Tissue culture technique was used to induce calli from shoot tips of tomato (Super Regina CV.) plants. Sterilized seeds were grown in test tubes on MS medium under sterilized condition in the growth room. Four weeks later, shoot tips were excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/lIBA and 1mg/lBA to induce callus. The produced calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60 gm/l Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-6000). The results showed that there is negative correlation between calli fresh weight and PEG concentration. The highest average fresh weight,was for the calli that were grown in the control treatment and it was 0.35 g. While the lowest average fresh weight, was for the calli that were grown on 60 g/l PEG treatment and it was 0.19 g. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the treatments and the control at (P=0.05).Reduction in dry weight to half was detected in the presenceof PEG of 20 and 60 g/l and it was 0.02 g for both 20 and 60 g/l PEG treatments.Moreover the results showed significant differences among the different treatments in the proline content of the calli. The amount of proline increased as the PEG concentration increased. The 60 and 40 g/l PEG treatments surpassed the other treatments in the proline content which was 3.89 and 5.61 µg / g of callus dry weight compared with 1.78 µg / g for the control. High proline concentration in the tissue indicates the ability of the tissue to use this mechanism to tolerate drought stress.

This study included 46 patients with liver hydatid cyst diagnosed clinically and surgically. Control group consist of 22 healthy volunteers. The patients were divided according to the size of the cysts into more and less than 5 cm diameter size, 33 and 13, respectively. Also they were divided into primary and secondary hydatid cyst infection, 30 and 16, respectively. Significant increase of GOT, GPT and ALP levels were recorded due to hydatid cyst infection and had direct effect on the liver function, beside an increase in total bilirubin in patients serum compared with the control, also the same occurred in the secondary infection compared with primary infection, patients with > 5 cm showed significant increase in the above levels compared with < 5 cm, which indicated the disturbance of the liver functions in patients whose revealed the growth of the cyst in the liver.

The research was conducted at the center for animal resources and fisheries in Zafaraniyah to investigate the effect of adding fenugreek seeds on the diets of common carp fishCyprinuscarpio L. (80) fishes of incised weight (38 ± 2) g , randomly distributed on five transactions in tow replicate for each treatments, first treatment considers control transactions and the other four contain 1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % and 4 % of fenugreek seeds powder, respectively. The experiment lasted four months, starting from February 2013. Results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in some growth parameters like the weight gain , relative growth rate and food conversion rate where the transaction (3%) were (15.31 ± 0.28) g / fish , ( 12:28 ± 0.12)% and (4.36 ± 0.13), respectively. While, the percentage of protein efficiency reach the highest value in (4%) to reach (25.39± 0.24)%, also the level of fenugreek seeds in the diets of fish common carp have reached the highest at treatment (4%) for each of the red blood cells (1.75 × 610 ± 0.048), white blood cells (22.86 × 310 ± 0.06), the packed cells volume (31.16 ± 0.10)% and the amount of hemoglobin (10.2 ± 1.19) g / 100 ml of blood.

Biological experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham) during the growing season 2012-2013 to study the effect of extracts of mix flowers chamomilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.), lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) and rose (Rosa gallica L.) with two concentrations 25% and 35% on vegetative characteristics and yield components of broad bean (Viciafabia L.). The results showed that the mixture of flowers extract affects significantly on the height of plant, number of leaves, surface area of leaf, leaf area relative, dry weight and level of protein in seeds.

A qualitative chemical test was performed on functional groups extracted from fenugreek plant and its extracts (aqueous, alcoholic and volatile oil). Results revealed that fenugreek seeds contain the main functional groups, while extracts are varied accorodihg to their content of functional groups qualitatively and quantitively. Moreover, inhibition activity was tested for extracts of fenugreek seeds (aqueous, alcoholic and volatile oil). against gram negative (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) by the ager well diffusion method. Data have revealed that inhibition activity was different in accoradance with extract solvent and the tested microorgan. Oil extract (15)% give the most signficant difference comparing with other extracts in inhibition tested bacteria, whereby radial of inhibition zones were (24, 26.66, 28.22, 25 , 30 ) mm in E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, P. aeuginosa respectively, ethanol(alcohlic extract) (15)% was the second efficient extract while cold aqueous extract 25% gave the minimum inhibition activity. S. typhimurium showed the highest resistance towards cold aqeuous extract (25)% compared with other bacterial test. Further more, oiled extracts (1-5)% were tested against bacterial isolates. (1, 2, 3)% showed good inhibition activity. Oiled extract activity ( from 0.5% to 2% )was tested in reduction the total number of bacteria in meat and fish, activity was varied during (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) day, after treatment of meat and fish with oiled extract at (2)°C comparing with other sample not treated by oiled extract (positive control). Result suggested that oiled extract 2% ability was the best in reduction of bacterial cells and correspondent with the central device for standardization and quantitiative control of meat safe for human consumption. Inhibition activity MIC and MBC was applied against bacterial tests above. The minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) and the minimum killer concentration (MBC) for oiled extract of fenugreek seeds in tested bacterial was 0.5%.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two food preservatives acetic acid and sodium benzoate on growth of Penicillium expansum and patulin production. Results showed complete inhibition of growth at conc. 0.5 and 1% while 0.1% showed reduction of growth equal to 75% +and patulin reduction of 84.33%. whereas, treatment of the fungus with different concentrations of sodium benzoate showed complete inhibition of growth at conc. 0.03%, lower concentrations 0.0003 and 0.003% revealed reduction of growth arrived to 58 and 82% respectively and reduction of 48.97% patulin production at conc. 0.0003%, and no patulin was detected at conc. 0.003%.

The current study was included the calculation of the diploid chromosome number for the taxa of the genus Vicia L. growing in Iraqi Kurdistan districts which are of 27 taxa. The chromosomes were calculated from the somatic cells of the anther cover, the best phase for this study was the metaphase of mitosis. The basic chromosome number for that taxa were found to be 5, 6 and 7.The taxa of the genus Vicia under the study have a clear variations in their chromosomes number and size. So the diploid number are 2n=10, 2n=12, 2n=14, 2n=24, and 2n=28, the last two numbers were a tetraploidy for the basic numbers 6 and 7, respectively. The diploid chromosome numbers for most of the Vicia species are recorded in Iraq for the first time as known from the available references.

The current research included Palynological study for eleven taxa of the genus Onobrychis Mill. Family Papilionaceae. The study included measurement the dimension of pollen grains and there shape in polar and equatorial views and measuring thickness wall of the pollen grain also including configuration of the wall surface . The study showed that there are variation in pollen grains characters for the studied taxa.

Leafy green vegetable consumed fresh daily, it was evaluated for inhabitant of pathogens and investigated for safety clearance. Vegetable were washed with tap water, Potassium Permanganate, and liquid detergent separately for 1,3, and 5 minutes inorder to find the right treatment and get germ free vegetables. Results showed all investigated vegetables (Celery, Parsly and Pepper cress) were contaminated with pathogenic microbes according to contamination indicator.Washing with tap water alone and with 1% liquid detergent for three minutes and more let to remove all pathogenic bacteria only rather than parasite. Parasite linkage is so strong which resist washing with tap water or with detergent. Optimum condition to get rid of all hygienic pathogens (Bacteria, Parasites) isneed to wash with Potassium permanganate solution of 0.5% for three minutes or with 1% for one minute.

The range of β-particles in a mixture of gases can be fitted to be less than a certain value if the weight percent of the mixture is chosen with suitable values. The present work shows that when the emitted beta-particles from Tritium (T) gas pass through a mixture of Argon (Ar),Tritium (T) ,deuterium (D) and nitrogen (N) gases, such that, the weight percent of the mixture (MAr/MT) is chosen to be about 10 (the weight percent of the Argon is about 82% of the mixture),the mass of the Deuterium is equal to the mass of Tritium and the mass of Nitrogen is 0.01 of the mass of Argon, then the range of β-particles is less than (1 cm) ,and the emitting light from exciting Argon atoms is so enough to detect by EM9530B photomultiplier tube.

The research solving transportation problem using the entrance of operations research in the analysis phase and the design ofthe problem model, were compared to the results obtained from solutions to the formulation of the analysis and demonstrate the vector model towards the subject's health, was a comparison between different solutions to choose lower value for the objective function so that the beneficiary of the decision-making , using four methods (the northwest corner method, minimum cost method , Vogel approximate method, Minimum- Cost Sum- Modified Method ),For best results have come to search the modified method by the researcher gave the best steps to solve optimization, it was optimization solution tested using the modified method of distribution (Modi), which gave the best results by reducing the total cost.

The basis of penal responsibility in the exceeded crimes is the availability of a causal link between criminal behavior and the result. The responsibility obviates with the obviating of the causal link whenever the criminal result is unpredicted to occur according to the normal course of maters.

The research topic focuses for a question that if the employee should implement all orders issued from his boss without discussion or objection, veto or debate and to what extent or what are the limits of this debate? Several theories have appeared in this regard. The first theory which is the oldest one requires the employee to carry out orders issued to him by his boss without any objection. The theory gave the rationale for this view. After that, an alternative theory emerged and gave an enough room for discussion and deliberation. The holders of these theoretical opinion strengthened unrealistic methods and evidence. And then a third theory emerged as an intermediate between the two previous theories, states that the employee should inform his boss that the issued order has been merged with a legal error and could not be implemented. If the boss insisted on his opinion editorially, the employee has to implement the command and the boss holds out the legal responsibility arising from it. Iraqi legislator has taken the law in the discipline of state employees in this direction. This research would attempt to clarify this in detail.

The murder relates with crime by two relationships: physical relationship is a causal relationship between criminal behavior and criminal result, moral and civil relationship is punitive. The Penal Code in the early stages of its inception, is heading to the sufficiency of material Association. The first consideration go out towards the result caused by the criminal behavior of the offender, regardless of his will in the events of the act or the result. As a result of the evolution of the Penal Code Not only in the crime and responsibility as soon as the material element where required to the terms of his character is the most important of these conditions eligibility Civil elements are not only the conditions that law requires invoked by the will of the perpetrator and is the perception and the will, and assume that the elements of civil criminally charge any natural person (man). He alone has the cognitive abilities and the will, as you go to the most contemporary criminal laws, which require explicitly the need for cognition and the will ((ie civil)) to check criminal responsibility. One of these laws, the Iraqi Penal Code, where Article (60) than on it (do not ask criminally from the time of the offense, or unconscious cognition will