Sport culture

The problem of the research lies in the fact that there is no measure for the concept of self, constructed on sound scientific Bases for the referees of group games in Iraq.
The study aims at:
1. Constructing a measure for the concept of self for the referees of group games in Iraq.
2. Applying the measure of self for the referees of group games in Iraq.
3. Knowing the level of the concept of self and comparing it among the referees of group games in Iraq.
The sample of the study consists of:
1. The sample of measure construction:
This includes (379) referees of group games in Iraq divided into (118) referees of football, (103) referees of basketball, (78) referees of handball, and (80) referees of volley ball. The researcher chose a group of the primary sample after banishing the survey sample of (29) referees; he chose (242) from the group games referees in Iraq of the construction group (the research society), the percentage of (%70) as a construction sample. These referees were randomly chosen to answer the items of the measure.
2. The sample of measure application:
This includes (108) referees of the application group, the percentage of (%30) of the referees of group games in Iraq.
As for the method and procedures of the research, the researcher applied the descriptive method because it is suitable for the nature of the research problem and in the field research procedures, the researcher has done the procedures of measure constructing in which six (aspects) of self were identified, namely "the physical self", "the social self", "the mental self", "the nervous self", "the bodily self" and "the skillful self" and each one of them was defined.
The first draft of the measure was shown to a group of experts majoring in physical training psychology, testing and measurement.
In order to judge the validity of the items in measuring the six fields (suitable/ unsuitable), some of the fields and items were deleted. They are two fields with their items (23 items) because they are unsuitable and repeated according to the experts' opinions. As a result for this four fields and (70) items were kept.
After that I repeated the instructions of the measure to be distributed among (29) referees to recognize the nature of the measurement procedures and the obstacles and problems that accompany it to overcome them in the research which was done on the sample of 9242) referees in order to analyze the items of the measure statistically after the corrections to choose the suitable ones and to leave the unsuitable.At the end of this statistical analysis (12) items were dropped and (58) were kept which were suitable for the measure. The validity and reliability of the measure were deduced and the first one was the validity of content which includes the surface validity and it was confirmed when the measure was shown to a group of experts. The second was the validity of construction which includes two pointers (the two end groups and the internal harmony). This was confirmed by the statistical analysis of the items. As for the reliability, it was confirmed by the medial splitting upmethod, and with the end of the procedures of the measure construction the first part of the first objective of the present study was achieved, namely constructing a measure for the concept of self for the referees.
In the application process, the researcher chose (108) of the referees of the group games in Iraq and the forms of measure of the concept of self were delivered to them which included (58) items. After scoring their answers, the forms became suitable for extracting the criteria and the levels.
The second objective of the research was achieved with the end of the application procedures, namely applying the measure of the concept of self and achieving the first part of the third objective, i. e. recognizing the level of the concept of self for referees through the results of the research: constructing and applying a measure for the concept of self for referees of the group games in Iraq and comparing the levels of the concept of self among them and by this the second part of the third objective of the measure, which was constructed and applied on the examinees, was achieved. This was represented by five levels: (Strongly don't agree, (Don't agree, Partially agree, Agree, Strongly agree).
In the light of the results of the study the researcher comes out with many recommendations, among them the potentiality of employing this measure for the referees of the group games in Iraq as well as the potentiality of using it by the researchers and specialists in psychological measurement and by M. A. and Ph. D. studentsin their researches and studies to recognize the level of the concept of self and to study the relation between the other variables as well as conducting a similar study to construct measures for the concept of self for the referees of individual games and the referees of the second degree of all games.

- Understand the role of cooperative learning to acquire the skill of jumping on the jumping platform.
- Understand the differences between the results of pre and post tests as a search in the performance of the skill of jumping Khma platform jumping.
And included a sample study on the second phase of study students in the College of Physical Education and sports science / Samarra University for the academic year 2015-2016 totaling 15 students stood percentage (75%) from the research community, the researcher used the experimental method for suitability nature of the research, the researcher used the bag Statistical (spss).
The researcher concluded the following:
- That collaborative learning has had a clear and positive effect on the learner.
- The use of cooperative learning shares in mastering the skill of learning to jump on the annexation platform jumping clearly learners.

The study aimed to identify the transition speed and its relationship to the defensive moves to cover the blitz with quick handball players To achieve this goal, the researcher assumed the absence of a relationship between the speed and the transitional defensive action to cover the blitz with quick handball players
The researcher used the descriptive manner relations connectivity on a sample (14) players from the players club Salahuddin sports handball ( excellent score ) was selected as the sample was deliberate way to achieve harmony between the members of the sample
The researcher reached the following conclusion
The speed the transition effect in the defensive action to cover the blitz with quick handball players and thus have an impact on the outcome of games
The researcher recommends the following
1- a special interest in the development of exercises to develop speed the transition of handball players because of their role in the defensive coverage
2- testing interface for the players to know the level of speed during the transitional training curriculum
3- focus on training the players and the statement of the importance of the defensive coverage of the attack quick snap and not leaving himself alone with goalkeeper without defense

1. To identify the proportion of the contribution of some of the fitness Elements in some complex skills of football players between the ages of 10-12 years.
2. Develop equations to predict with some complex skills through some of the selected fitness Elements research.
The researcher used the descriptive manner relational ties, while the sample consisted of 69 players aged (10-12 years) representing the players primary schools for the displaced football from Nineveh province, in the district of Aankawa.
The means of gathering information consisted of (scientific references and researchs- global information network (Internet) - assesments- interviews- measurement and testing).
As such all of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of simple correlation, the coefficient of sprains, multiple regression coefficient manner all regressions, and regression coefficient regression gradual manner, statistical methods used to arrive at the results.
Part four was contained to display the results analyzed and discussed, while part five include conclusions and recommendations, and the most important conclusions:
• It was reached predictive equations of particularly through the fitness elements in the compound for footballers skills.
• Fitness elements showed significant links with the compound skills certified.
• There is a high efficiency of the components of fitness in the complex skills, especially the explosive power of two legs, and strength distunctive with speed.
• It was reached predictive equations of particularly through the fitness elements in the compound for footballers skills.

The researcher recommended a number of recommendations that, taking into account the contribution ratios that found in the study in both the fitness elements in some basic and compound for footballers skills .

The research aims to reveal the following:
 preparation exercises for different resistance of lower limb for young gymnastics
 the impact of the training curriculum on jump performance and muscle power for lower limb
 the effect of different resistance training on the level of performance skills on two (floor exercise and jumping table).
The researcher have put the following hypotheses:
 the existence of the effect in a number of indicators to perform jumping and strength muscular endurance underside of the party as well as the level of performance skills of some of the skills on floor exercise and a vault table for each of the two groups and the first used (Dumbbells), second and used (belt weight) in the pre and post tests
 the existence of differences in muscle strength and carry measuring ocean Adilta thigh and leg as well as the level of performance skills on the floor exercise and vault table in the posttest for the two groups.
Research methodology and field procedures :
Research was conducted on a sample of players the province of Kirkuk to the category of young Reconstruction (14-16 years) and consisted of the research sample (8) players were divided randomly into two experimental rate (4) players each .
The measures included a search to identify performance indicators jumping and relying only on the content analysis based on many biomechanical studies to identify those indicators in the performance of jumping on both floor exercise and vaulting table .
And check researcher of parity and homogeneity between the two groups in variables (age, height and mass) and some tests for the strength of the lower limb and the level of performance skills on floor exercise and vaulting table .the training resistance has been to apply the first group used (Dumbbells) and the second group (Belts Weight ) and took training curriculum (8) weeks and by (3) training units per week and held a researcher post tests for performance jump indicators and tests the strength endurance lower limb as well as the level of performance skills on two (floor exercise and vaulting table) and the procedures themselves and the steps followed in tribal tests
The researcher concluded:
Both resistance training (dumbbells and belts weight) have had a positive impact on the muscles of the lower limb development as well as improvement in the performance jump through some variables biomechanics as well as an improvement in the level of performance skills and wholesale motor on two (floor exercise and vaulting table)
Was used for resistance training for (Dumbbells) larger effect of resistance used for (weight belts) and by reference to the averages teams, but did not rise to the level of significance.

The tennis game is considered exciting by its artistic performance specially in the serving skill as the need to recruit the working muscles of the arms in order to perform a strong and fast serve, and what the world has witnessed the evolution of the use of modern and new training methods and the knowledge of its impact on the technical performance that prompted the researcher to search in the development of the serve power using stretching exercises techniques (PNF), according to the movement force of the articular shoulder muscles and elbow.

Aim of the research: to identify the values of a number of background variables Bio-Kinematics ground strike with one hand (One-handed backhand) in two different situations in tennis. To identify the differences between the number of Bio-Kinematics variables for background strike in one hand from two different situations (short and long). As research fields.. Temporal Field: the period from 20/02/2016 until 03/20/2016. Spatial Field: World Championship classified as globally tennis in 2011.. The Human Field: players of Tennis professional and classified as globally for 2011 tennis .. so the researchers used a qualitative approach (qualitative) for suitability and the nature of the research, after analysis, processing and statistical tabulation .. researchers concluded and there is a significant moral difference between the short and long situations in the two variables angle mi shoulder strap and time of movement in the interests of the immediate situation, and the presence of significant differences between short and long situations in the variables differences (Detailed angle of the striking arm angular velocity, speed and peripheral arm striking the ball speed instant hit) and in the interest remote mode facility. The recommendations: Researchers in this area of work such research to other skill defensive and offensive, relying on modern scientific technique by watching and recording the World Championships, and the emphasis on coaches and teachers of the game of tennis, especially in the offensive skills defense to hit the ball and it is far from the body so as to increase the speed of the ball and the pressure the player competitor in order to get points.

The study aims at : Recognize the difference amonge some of the variables Kinematics for the Trajectory of the Bar weight in the snatch lift between the Iraqi and Iranian teams.
The sample of research compased of (14) weight lifters and by (7) lifters from each team group youth. To achieve the technical scientific observation, the researcher has used two video cameras of type (Copro sport ) the two cameras were located (3.5)m from the two sides( right and left). The height of the lens of the two video camera was (1)m from the earth and their speed was (50) pictures/second. The researcher has using (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, and T-test for independent samples) statistical handlers.
The following programmes were used for the analysis: (Kinovea, ACD see 10, Pain,Exel).
The researcher conclusions :
-The excellence of Iranian team in linear momentum and kinetic energy to get to heights and distractions for the Trajectory of the Bar in the snatch lift on the Iraqi team.
- The excellence of Iraqi team in (linear momentum , kinetic energy )of Dropp off the weight from Maximum height to the lowest point in a squatting position for the Trajectory of the Bar in the snatch lift on the Iranian team.

Aim of the research:
1.Identify the level of athletic achievement motivation among the players in weightlifting and judo sports club freedom.
Hypothesis:-
1.There are differences in the level of athletic achievement motivation among players weightlifting and judo.
Fields:-
1-5-1-human sphere: Players Club Freedom for weightlifting, judo, totaling 12 players.
1-5-2-amoral spatial: Liberty Sports Club
1-5-3temporal sphere: 18/01/2016 up to 28/03/2016
Part III included on the research methodology and research sample.
Part IV included the presentation and discussion of results.
Part V included the conclusions and recommendations.

Of the major importance of skills in the game of basketball is the scoring, because winning depends on this game on the team that earns the greatest number of points, and defined the research problem in that there is weakness in the side of accuracy and performance of the skill of scoring with the young players aged (16-17) year students Sports Club, and the aim of the research to design a way to help to develop my skills scoring of jumping and stability (free-throw) basketball for young players and their impact, and was presumably the research that the means of assistance used a positive impact on the development of some types of scoring basketball and that there are significant differences were statistically significant between the post tests for the two experimental and control group and the experimental group., and identified research sample players young students Sports Club and hired researchers with some tools and equipment assistance to Aanthma in completing the search, as well as the use of appropriate tests to measure skills in question, and adopted the researchers curriculum prepared by coach, and through this approach the researchers proposed the introduction of means within the practical side in the training module, training curriculum took (8 weeks) starting from 01/20/2016 until 03/23/2016, and by (3) training units per week, and after the completion of the experiment the researchers used appropriate statistical methods to extract the results and then display tables, and that the most important conclusions reached by the researchers are: that the means of helping a positive role in increasing the correction jumping and fortitude of basketball for young players accuracy. And get good rates in the amount of evolution. The most important thing recommended by the researchers is: the use of the means proposed to assist in the development of my skills scoring consistency (free-throw) and scoring of jumping basketball for young players and the need for the use of devices and aids through the educational and training process to ensure the diversity of experiences of the player.