The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Twenty six lambs divided into four groups were used to study the effect of experimental infection with two challenge doses of D.filaria ( 100 & 300 larvae / Kg. B. W.) on the aquired immunity after vaccination with irradiated larval vaccine “ Filiraq”. The clinical symptoms , eosinophi lic response, blood picture, faecal larval counts, gross pathological changes & adult worm counts in the lungs were studied ...


The results showed that a high dose of challenge (300 LI kg) prevents the development of expected acquired immunity, however the other vaccinated & challenged group ( 100 LI Kg B.W ) showed good level of acquired immunity in comparison with other group.

Urine samples for bacterial cultures (697) and (604) blood samples for packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration total plasma protein , blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level were collected farms and veterinary clinics (control) and two cow stations in Al- Latifia and Al Dijala.


The bacterial cultures revealed negative results in the control cows , while bacteria isolated from urine samples in the two stations were similar, and they were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium renale, haemolytic Escherchia coli . and Corynebacterium pyogenes ( 32, 35,15,8) in Al- Latifia station and (84,136,135,8) in Al-Dijala station respectively


Blood examination showed that packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and total plasma protein showed low levels in Al- Dijala , while blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level showed higher levels in the same coup of cows in comparision with the control and Al Latifia cows.


Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis infected the reproductive system of all cows examined in the Al - Dijala station was behined the 100% bacterial isolate . The numbers of bacterial colonies in cultures from this ststion were more than ( 100000 ) coloni / cc. urine. The prevelance of urinary infection at the age of 3, 4,5,6,7years was 6.25% ; 16.47% , 25.71% , 27.77% and 20.75% respectively and the over all present of bacterial isolates in this study was 36.4%.

The growth and development in two groups of Aw-ssi lambs were followed from birth until weaning time. The first group did not received colostrum milk and divided in two equal sub group , the first was fed cow milk artificially, while the second sub group kept under mother care. Lambs in the control group (group 2) received colostrum and kept with their mother through - out the experimental period.


Results indicated that lamb mortality was 20% in the first group while it was only 5 % in the control group. Average monthly body waight, body measurements and , weight at weaning time for lamb of the control group exceeded that of the first group and the differences were significant.
Results also indicated that the second -sub-group showed better performance than the first sub-group although both of them received no colostrum , thus indicate the importance of mother care in the surviving of new born lambs

To study the diseases of the urinary system in cows, clinical examination including rectal palpation and urine samples from (697) cows were done in some farms, hospitals and two cattle stations (AI – Latifia and Al-Dijala) during the period July 1993 to April 1994. Clinical examination and rectal paplation of all cows in Al - Dijala station showed obvious clinical signs which indicat abnormalities in the urinary system . These include changes in the size of the kidneys with the presence or absence of lobulation . The ureter was palpable in some of these cows because of it\'s enlargement and the bladder showed thickening of the wall. However all cows in the control group ( farms , hospitals & Ai - Latifia ) were free from any signs of urinary disturbances. The color of the urine in Al – Dijala was milky to cloudy red, and all samples were charcterized by small of ammonia. The specific gravity was low, and the urine pH was higher than normal , also all samles showed positive results for protein examination and only four cows showed positive results for benzidine test. The physical and chemical properties of the urine samples collected from control and Al - Latifia station cows were within the normal values. Examination of urine Sediment showed clear increase in the number of epithelial cells , pus cells and blood cells beside the presence of casts and bacteria in Al – Dijala station. The study concluded the close relationship between diseases of urinary and reprodective systems : Urinary system infection in Al - Dijala station cows were 100% because of a suspected out break of infectious pustule valvovaginitis which occur during the period of study, however the urine culture of Al - Latifia revealed the presence of 51 cows (19.69%) bacterial isolates.

A sample of (700) seven hundred out of (3000) three thousand randomly collected livers of sheep and cattle from Mosul abattoir during a biweekly visits of six months period , has been subjected to both grads and histopathological examinations.


Results indicated that parasites induced the highest percen tages of tissue changes in the livers of cattle and sheep, the parasites responsible were Hydatid Cysts and Fasciola gigantica which indicated that Mosul and surrounding areas were endemic with these parasites. Typical cases of liver cirrhosis were recognized in cattle and less in sheep. Mixed infection of mentioned parasites with liver abcesses and hepatic necrosis were diagnosed more frequ ently in sheep than in cattle, a diffuse form of lesbons was round in cattle while the focal from was encountered in sheep.


Congestion and degenerative changes like fatty livers were not seen in cattle but formed a respective percentage (1%) and (1.1%) in sheep. Other conditions were identified like icteric livers , than percentages were and low closely relatd in both species of animals.

The brain of the sheep receives its blood supply through the carotid rete and the basilar artery. The carotid rete formed of contribution of internal carotid artery and branches from maxillary artery. The internal carotid artery courses on the ventral surface of the cerebal crus to give the rostral cerebal artery and the caudal communicating artery . Thus , arteries excepted the middle cerebal artery forming with the same arteries of the opposite side , the cerebal arterial circle or circle of Willis. The internal caroted artery also gives off hypophysialartery to the


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hypophysis. The caudal communicating artery give off the caudal cerebal artery and the rostral cerebellar artery and unite with the corresponding artery of the opposite side to form the basilar artery rostral to the pone . The basilar artery gives off the pontine artery , caudal cerebellar artery and the medullary branch.

This field investigation has been coducted on 5l animals from different areas in baghdad provience . Their ages ranged from 10days to 7years. They were devided into two groups . Group 1 consisted of 26 animals showed signs of hypomagnesaemia and hypocuporosis · The result indicated asignificance decrease in magnesium level (p <0.01 ) which asgnificance decrese in magnesium and cuppor levels (p <0.01) which were less than 1.6 mg/100 ml respectivly especially in calves ranged 2-4 months of age.


The result of group 2 which consisted of 25 animals (control) indicated that the percentage of magnesium and cupper were within normal range.

Have been done on 30 swan by two methods tenotomy for the extensor tendon of the distal articulation of the left wing and by amputation of the distal articulation of the left wing all operation done under local anaesthesia no any complication have been seen and tenotomy technique is more suitable for this kind of birds because bird will have its normal shape.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ciprofloxacin on-serum alkaline phosphates level in normal mice , the dosage used is treatment and double dose (5
10 mg / kg ) orally for 5 days . The result showed that ciprofloxacin caused a marked increase in serum alkaline phosphates with the increase of dose, and this may be releated to the damage of cell in liver , kidney and bone

Mastitis were diagnosed in (80) ewes depending on clinical examination , California mastitis test , & bacterial isolates include: Staph. aureus, Strept. agalactica , Strept. dys agalactica , E. coli, & Bacillas spp.


The infected ewes were treated by using locally prepared intra mammary preparations ; first group received Amoxicillin & hydrocortison with (76.7)% cure rate ; the second group received Ampicillin & hydrocortisone with (73.3) % cure rate ; while the third group received a commercial preparation ( Masticlox ® ) with (75)% cure rate.

This study was designed to investgate - The Conformation and its effect on The Performance of the Arabian horses, aged (4-6) years in Iraq“. This research was perfomed in different regions for 193 horses. The age and sex of the horses were fixed. The anatomical structures were noticed. The symmetrical in size of joints and hooves in case of standing position, normal walk, trotter and the running were observed. The clinical examination was done by the palpation of fore limbs from the shoulder joints till the sole of the hoof. The examination of the hind limbs was performed also from the hip jointtill the sole The conformation measurements were recorded on 188 Arabic horses which were classified into two principle. The first class includes the racing horses while the classes . Second class was not sharing the races. The horses with aquired abnormal conformations were also registed. The analysis of variance (A.N.O.V.A) in between different groups revealed significant differences of P < 0.05,P<0.001


This significant differences was done to the difference in age, six, management, training and environment. Further more, the results of this study detected that the conformation measurements of Arabic horses in Iraq conceded with the measurements registed by other researchers.

Out of 1250 bovine fasciolliasis. 10 cattle were found to have lung fascioliasis, one cow had abomasal fascioliasis and another one wih renal fascioliasis.


The recovered flukes were identified as immature spec imens of Fassciola gigantica .Gross and histopathology of the lesions were studied. The occurrence of Fasciola gigantica in kideny and abomasum was recorded for the first time :


Introduction Infection with Fasciola gigantica is an important cause of disease and economic loss in domestic animals in many parts of the world. Among the effects attributed 10 flucke infection are loss of condition , reduced meat and milk production reduced fertility and rendering of livers unsuitable for human consumpiior. . Severe infection may cause death either directly or indirecily by inzitiating or aggravating bacterial infection (1). One of the reasons making F.gigantica more pathogenic ihan F.hepatica is frequent ecotopic occurence of F.gigantica in most of the domestic animal species (1,2,3).


Ectopic ovine F.gigantica infection was reported in spleen, lung, heart, diphragm and portal vein, in additional the liver (4,5). In cattle F.hepatica_ could only produce lesions in the liver but F.gigantica extended its pathogenic effects to the lung tissue (3,6).
The aim of this study is to elucidate the occurence of F.gigantica in organs other than the liver with parasitological and pathological investigation.

Pharmacokinetics parameters of ciprofloxacin were calculated from constructed plasma disappearing curves (PDC) after oral or i.v. injection of 5mg / kg in two-week old hybird layer · The i.v. PDC indicated a first order biphasic kinetic. The distribution phase was too short to be considered. The parameters of the elimination phase phase indicated that the biological half – life ( t 12) was 3.7 hours and the volume of distribution (Vd) was 1.7 1/kg.


The oral PDC indicated a first order kinetic with a peak plasma level (PPL) of 3.0 ug/ml achieved after 1.75 hours , a t 12 of 2.9 hours and a Vd of 1.7 1/kg . Bioavailability value was 84 +9.7% . Binding of ciprofloxacin to chicken plasma protein was estimated to be 25.4 61.3%.

Field study on the effect of screw - worm fiy Chrysomya bezziana_larvae in 216 cattle and efficacy of different drugs used for the treatment was conducted. The clinical findings were : anoraxia , irritation, congestion of penis , lameness, decrease of milk production and lose of body weight. The distribution of myiasis on various body parts observed was: 111 (51.4%); perineal area , 24 (11%), head, 7(3.4%), udder , 6(2.8%), nave!, 1(0.4%), testes , 4(1.89), tail, 3(1.4%), legs and 60 (28.2%) penis The activity of diazinone, coumaphos , cypermethlin and vermectin by administration the drug subcutaneously at a dose rate 0.2 mg/kg body weight against naturally infesting wounds with screw - Worm fly larvae in cattle have been tested. The results showed emerges of the larvae outside the infested wound after treatment with cypermethlin and diazinone while coumaphos kill the larvae . Ivermectin kill the larvae after 24 hours.