Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The study aims to identify (the extent to which life satisfaction is achieved for families of children with multiple disabilities in Tubas Governorate in light of some variables). The descriptive analytical approach was used, and after enumerating the study population, the study sample was selected by a simple random method, which consisted of (50) families who have children with multiple disabilities in Tubas Governorate. Then the researcher prepared the questionnaire and ensured the stability of its items by calculating the reliability using the internal consistency method and calculating the Cronbach Alpha reliability equation.
It was presented to a group of arbitrators specialized in this field at Q.O.U, in order to ensure its measuring the purposes of the study. After preparing it in its final form, it was distributed to members of the study sample,(50) families. Then the researcher use the (SPSS) program in order to verify the objectives of the study. The most important results were: There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) regarding the extent of achieving life satisfaction for families of children with multiple disabilities in Tubas Governorate due to variables. (Gender, age, educational qualification, monthly income

The research aimed to develop the (MSCEIT) test for emotional intelligence in children by Mayer and Salovey (1999), using the Rasch single-parameter model of item response theory, for children aged (4-11) years. Therefore, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted to achieve its objectives. The test was applied, which includes (49) items classified into three sub-tests, which are: the ability to perceive emotions (18) items, understanding emotions (21) items, managing emotions (19) items, and the examinee who responds to the item correctly is given one score, while zero is given for the wrong answer. A random cluster sample of (1225) children was appointed, of whom (661) were boys and (564) were girls.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the assumptions of the Item response theory were verified through the indicators of factor analysis, internal consistency, and internal correlations between the dimensions of the test. It was found that the one-dimensionality of the test was achieved as one of the assumptions of the theory, as the results showed the achievement of the assumption of one-dimensionality and local independence.
The results of the statistical analysis using the (MULTIOG.7) program showed that the estimates of the difficulty of the Items ranged between (1.41-logit) and (+1.48 logit). That indicates that the difficulty index of the Items was appropriate, and the statistical analysis of using the Rasch model did not result in the exclusion of any Item, as it was within the acceptable limits of the approved standards. With these results, the researcher found the effectiveness of the Rasch model to develop the (MSCEIT) test for emotional intelligence in children.

Small industries began to attract great attention from economists in various parts of the world after it became clear that the important role they have played in economic activity, whether in developed or developing countries. As for Iraq, interest has emerged in expanding investments in all sectors of the economy, including the industrial sector, especially small industries. Many economists believe that developing these industries and encouraging their establishment are among the most important tributaries of the economic and social development process. The number of their establishments represents a high percentage of the total industrial establishments in Iraq, and their importance is embodied in their ability to generate jobs at high rates and with a low capital cost, thus contributing to addressing the problem of unemployment, as the number The employment rate is high compared to other industries.
The study was based on the descriptive approach based on the study and analysis of data. The concept of small industries in Iraq was studied, as well as the economic importance of small industries in Iraq. Small industries and their development in Iraq were clarified for the period (2000-2020), as it focused on studying the branches of the food and beverage industries, textiles, and ready-made clothing. Leather and its products, paper and its products, materials and chemical products, the electrical appliances industry, the furniture industry, and wood products not manufactured elsewhere. It also addressed the geographical distribution of small industries in Iraq for the year (2020) in terms of the distribution of small industries at the level of the Iraqi governorates. He also touched on the economic obstacles facing small industries in Iraq, which negatively affected their development path.
The study reached several conclusions, including that: the standard adopted in classifying small industries in Iraq is that the number of workers in them is (1-9) workers. The food industries are the most important Iraqi industries in terms of the number of industrial establishments, as their number in 2020 reached about (8229) establishments and the number of workers in them. For the same year, it reached approximately (34,493) workers. Most of its small-sized facilities belong to the private sector. Baghdad Governorate ranked first for the year 2020 in terms of the number of small industrial establishments amounting to (6599) establishments, as well as the number of workers amounting to (14224) workers, with total wages also amounting to (85,454,096) dinars and a production value amounting to (474,059,272) dinars. Al-Muthanna Governorate came in last place in the number of establishments. Industrial, with (838) establishments.

Basra Governorate is one of the important governorates in Iraq, which includes a large number of large industrial facilities. These establishments vary in terms of specialization. The most important of these industries are agro-industries, specifically food industries. These factories produce more than ten types of food, as well as the petrochemical industries complex is localised in the governorate, which produces many oil derivatives that enter many industries. Accordingly, the industrial reality of agricultural industries in Iraq and chemical industries was studied and the study of the industrial cluster strategy was applied to the two industries with, representation of the role of chemical-based plastic industries in agricultural industries. The three industries are connected links that form an industrial cluster in themselves, if it is established, this will support the agricultural industries in a distinctive way. A map of the geographical distribution of the agricultural and chemical industries in the governorate was drawn. The results were in favour of the settlement of the two industries together in three important districts in the governorate, indicating that industrial clusters have a major role in the agricultural industries by the chemical industries, and the research ended with recommendations for government support for that important .strategy

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and May blessings and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, his good and pure family, and his chosen companions, and after: Authors of Arabic colloquial language have always sought to search for the eloquent origin from which colloquial words derived their structure and meaning. Al-Abode’s approach in rooting colloquial words in Najd does not deviate from this approach.
In this research, I will look at words in which Muhammad Nasser Al-Abode did not succeed in knowing their eloquent origin, or what is possible with more than one origin to which the colloquial expression goes back, but the author is certain that they return to this origin and not other potentially correct origins. They are as follows:

Research problem: There are structures in the colloquial Najdi language for which the author of the dictionary of the classical principles of colloquial words was not able to find out their classical origins, and they need to be unveiled.
The importance of the research: examining the most important reasons that contributed to not finding the eloquent origin of some structures in the Najdi spoken language.
Research procedures: The research is limited to the context of colloquial expressions among the people of Najd in the modern era through the Al-Aboudi dictionary.
Search results:
1. Al-Aboudi did not reach the eloquent origin to which the colloquial pronunciation of the Najdi refers in some cases.
2. Spatial inversion and linguistic substitution are among the most prominent reasons behind Al-Aboudi’s lack of knowledge of the eloquent origin of some words.
3. The research identified the buildings that Al-Aboudi imagined to convey their eloquent origin.

The study of the novel "Mawt Sagheer" (2016) by Mohammed Hasan Alwan, according to the literary theory of French critic Claude Bremond, focuses on analyzing the novel through the framework of his reception theory. The novel portrays the historical life of Ibn Arabi, from birth to death, blending reality with elements of fantasy. Set in Andalusia, the narrative immerses the reader in a journey through time, experiencing that historical period with its palaces, gardens, and landscapes. The author weaves two stories simultaneously, which intertwine at the beginning of the novel, alternate over more than 530 pages, and later merge again until the end. The main plot is the biography of Ibn Arabi mixed with fantasy, while the secondary plot revolves around events and details related to preserving the manuscript of "Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya." Despite the novel's length, Alwan employs two types of plots: a primary one blending Ibn Arabi’s biography with fantasy and a secondary one narrating the events of "Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya." The narrative techniques used include intersecting timelines, detailed descriptions, and dialogue that place the reader in the scene, as though they were present in it.

Suraqa Al-Barqi is considered one of the poets whose poetry was rich in
Linguistic and pictorial styles, and one of the poets who left their mark in ancient poetry. Therefore, the research chose to apply the study to his poetry to determine the positions of his ellipsis and their necessity in textual study and formation of meaning. The research aims to shed light on Sarraqa Al-Barqi’s poetry and his creative methods Based on the importance of the deletion method in the grammatical and semantic lesson, and on the role of the deletion method in the context of connotation and expression of meaning, the research will adopt the descriptive analytical method, which is an approach based on collecting scientific material, describing it, analyzing it, and deriving results from it. It helps in studying poetic texts and investigating the significance that underpins the frequency of deletions in those texts in order to draw conclusions from them. The material presented to the reader takes the direction of analysis and a statement of its results in a manner commensurate with its effect and the method of deletion in the poetic text.

Yusuf Idris, born in 1927, was greatly influenced by the countryside. In his first story from "Arkhass Layali", he tells of a poor farmer struggling to survive while still fathering children. In "Al-Murjihat", he describes a farmer, who tries to make money, but falls ill, is imprisoned, and dies. In "Al-Omniya", Idris blends humor to depict rural life, telling the story of a farmer who sees a telephone for the first time. In "Tabeliya Min Al-Sama", a farmer burdened by life refuses to ask for help from the villagers. In "Fi Al-Layl", the author comments on societal flaws through a group of farmers who enjoy jokes from Furfour, the poorest among them. In "Al-Haram", he addresses marginalized laborers in rural society. In "Al-Maatim", he humorously portrays a scene between a village undertaker and a cleric about the price of funeral prayers. Idris uses straightforward language and colloquial speech to make his stories more relatable, while highlighting class divisions. Research questions: How does Yusuf Idris portray the reality of Egyptian rural life and its people? What are the author's goals in focusing on the Egyptian countryside?

Grammar is one of the pillars of the Arabic language, which specialises in the study of the rules that govern the structure of a sentence and its parts. This science is of great importance in maintaining the integrity of the Arabic language and the correct use of it, as it is a solid foundation for understanding and accurately interpreting various texts. Grammar is one of the most important sciences of the Arabic language, as it regulates speech styles and patterns, and enables the speaker to produce sound speech free of errors In the Arabic language, a raised noun is one of the basic Arabic cases, and includes the raised noun in a sentence. Raised nouns include: (Actor, Initiator, News, Vice Actor) Raised nouns play a pivotal role in the Arabic language, one of which is (Raised), which is that in which the agent has caused a lift, and has signs such as (Dhama), (F) and others as mentioned above.

The study aimed to restructure the faculties of education in Yemeni of university and restructuring, examining teacher preparation programs in colleges of education both globally and locally, in areas related to objectives, system and components of preparation, field education, admission policies, employment requirements, and practice of the profession. It also aimed to highlight the main issues facing the colleges of education at the local level. To achieve this, the "documentary approach" was used, relying on the analysis and survey of educational literature, studies, research, references, and relevant websites, along with utilizing an observation tool based on the researcher’s experience as a faculty member for several years, including employing a "comparative approach :Here is the translation of your text into English:To draw conclusions, 'the critical approach' to the reality of colleges of education has resulted in several findings that generally emphasize the role of the variables of the times, both locally and globally, as a motive and justification for restructuring colleges of education due to the obsolescence of the goals, structure, systems, components, programs, and admission policies of colleges of education in Yemeni universities compared to global trends and practices in developed countries. It was found that national colleges of education are limited to the integrated system according to the two-semester system, and the educational component is deferred to the third and fourth years, with its various courses being offered." Here’s the translation of the provided text into English: Just as if they were separate materials from one another, following an open-door policy for admission and accepting students with average and poor levels without measuring the applicants' abilities and their inclination towards the teaching profession. Additionally, there is a lack of a system for practicing the profession. The study concluded with a proposed vision for restructuring the Colleges of Education in Yemeni universities, which includes the philosophy, foundations, goals, executive procedures, requirements for achievement, and obstacles.

This paper aimed to identify the effect of the directed exchange questions strategy on the expressive performance of second-year middle school female students. The researcher followed the experimental research approach and adopted the experimental design with the experimental group, the control group, and sequential expressive tests.
The experimental group consisted of (26) female students and the control group (26) female middle and high school students. Adhamiya District, Rusafa First. She rewarded the two research groups with variables (chronological age, previous year’s grades, and intelligence test scores). She prepared the research requirements, including defining the study material and preparing behavioral goals and teaching plans. Then she controlled the extraneous variables and then applied her experience, which lasted a full semester for the academic year (2021-2022), when she studied the female students of the experimental group studied according to the strategy of directed exchange questions, and the female students of the control group studied according to the usual method.
After the end of the experiment, she extracted the average scores of the female students of the two research groups in the sequential expressive tests, and then she collected the data and analyzed it according to statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test) to make it clear to her that the female students of the experimental group were superior.
The students of the control group in expressive performance must, according to these results, establish a number of conclusions, recommend a number of recommendations, and suggest a number of other recommendations.

The research article expounds on a fundamental concern of economy in the human society. David Lindsay-Abaire, a versatile modern writer of the twenty-first century, has to his credit the penning of Good People, which has been expediently celebrated in the literary circle as a play that is suffused with aspects of human nature that are simultaneously tender and tough to digest. The themes, on which the internal action of the play rests, range from miscellaneous concerns of race to economy. The latter plays a significant role as the backdrop against which the central figure of Margaret is left suspended in her struggle to achieve financial security. The impact which the forces of the economy play in curbing Margaret’s endeavors to futility and compelling the characters to exhibit inconsistency of character, a breach in ethical allegiances and shifts in loyalties, becomes the subject of this research. Through a thematic analysis of the text, which made use of the theory of economic determinism, this inconsistency in the behaviors of Abaire’s major characters was justified.

The use of appropriate and accurate language is of utmost importance when describing people on the move and their dilemma, particularly refugees and displaced persons who have unique legal protection. So, there are a lot of scholars who have investigated the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR) reports, but no one has examined representational and interactional meanings of UNHCR reports. Accordingly, this research aims to explore the role of UNHCR reports in enhancing the value of the humanitarian, which is attributed to the uniqueness of its use of language. The current study investigates the manner in which the textual content interacts with the images that are associated with the category of the UNHCR reports. Four reports are analysed with regard to their representational, interactional structures of photos and transitivity analysis of texts. The present study adapts Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and Transitivity System proposed by Halliday (2004). It is found that the participant roles of Actors and Goals of both photos and texts are more frequent than the other roles of participants. These roles are connected with the most dominant processes, the transactional action process of images and the material process of texts.

The actual focus of this study is Molly Sweeney, who has been blind since birth and was subjected to her husband's capricious decision, which was an unwelcome interference in her own life. It also illustrates the danger of intrusion in other people's private affairs and imposing recommendations that would only exacerbate the situation and result in consequences that would constitute a violation of individuals' rights. Undoubtedly, promoting an unrealistic optimism that makes some individuals believe it is the best solution to their issues, only to be discovered later that it is unfair to those with less life experience. Due to this unsuccessful surgical procedure, a physician should either be disallowed from performing such an irresponsible conduct or be required to demonstrate the risk's success rate. In this sense, medical culture is essential for both intelligent and non-intellectual people to prevent the mistakes of doctors or to protect themselves from the terrible outcomes of their inaccurate choices. Thus, clarifying the moral issues surrounding late incursion, exposing the fallacy of blind hope, and highlighting the possible dangers of unregulated medical procedures. All of these explanations can excitedly encourage the reader to examine the rest of the study in order to understand the risk of creating in the minds of ordinary people a sense of unfulfilling optimism.

Joan London (born in 1948) is an Australian author of novels, plays and short stories. She is the author of two collections of stories, Sister A-Ships (1986) and Letter to Constantine (1994). In 2001, she published her novel, which is inspired by the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh which is a saga novel covering three generations of a family. Mrs. London, however, does not hold her to that epic, she offers it a new reading, and she pours a new wine in an old bottle.
The backbone in Mrs. London’s novel is the journey that Edith, the heroine takes in search for Aram, her illegitimate child’s father. Inspired by the journey of Gilgamesh, her journey is mainly allegorical. A journey leads to maturity and wisdom. The novel is interesting from a semiological point of view because of the role the signs and symbols in conveying the themes of the novel, the plot and the characters. (156 words)