Journal of Physical Education

This study aims to build a volleyball produced thinking, preparing educational exercises in volleyball with a focus strategy for serious creativity, and to identify the strategy of focusing for serious creativity in productive thinking and the performance and accuracy of the skill of transmitting volleyball for students, and the two assumptions were that there are statistically significant differences between the results Tribal and posttests for the experimental and controlled research groups in productive thinking and the performance and accuracy of the skill of volleyball, and there are statistically significant differences between the results of the dimensional tests of the experimental and controlled research groups in productive thinking and the performance and accuracy of the skill in volleyball, and the experimental approach was adopted by the design of the experimental and control groups, on ( 70) A student from the fourth preparatory grade from the exception of the excelling representing (42,424 %) of this society, A scale for the volleyball produced and the employment of the strategy vocabulary was built with educational exercises and applied in the practical lesson in volleyball by (3) practical lessons for performance and (1) lesson for its accuracy and a total of (4) lessons, at the rate of lesson (1) one per week, and it continued for a period of (4 Weeks, and the search procedures for the duration of (12/2/2024) continued until (3/25/2024) and after the completion of the research experience, the results were addressed with (SPSS) system to form the conclusions and recommendations that the employment of educational exercises for volleyball with the vocabulary of the focus strategy for serious creativity in practical lessons Fourth preparatory students, Its application helps in improving the level of volleyball produced, and in improving the performance and accuracy of the transmission skill facing the bottom of the volleyball for students who study it, and by superiority over their peers who study without it, and it is necessary when adopting mental measurement, especially the volleyball produced for each student in lessons The process to support improving the performance and accuracy of the transmission skill facing from the bottom in volleyball, and it is necessary not to exaggerate the importance of the cognitive structure and focus on practice and repetition in improving the performance and accuracy of the transmission skill facing from the bottom in volleyball in the center of good use of focus for serious creativity in drawing motor programs for that skill performance and accuracy.

This study aimed to identify the level of smart leadership in organizing basketball tournaments and matches from the point of view of those working on its management. A descriptive correlational design was used to guide his study. The limits of the research community are represented by those working on the management of the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships including (head and members of sub-federations, committees, local referees, coaches, and administrators of clubs) for the sports season (2023-2024) in 14 Iraqi governorates, except Kurdistan Region (N = 557). The main research sample is 267 individuals who were selected for application who account for (47.935%) of this community. After determining the measurement tool, the researchers conducted the survey by applying the smart leadership scale in organizing basketball tournaments and matches on the members of the application sample by conducting the main survey on them and directly measuring them in a collective and individual manner for the period from December 3rd, 2023 to January 4th, 2024. After collecting the data and statistically processing it with the SPSS, the conclusions and recommendations were that the tournaments and matches organizers of the Iraqi Basketball Federation have a positively acceptable level of smart leadership from the point of view of those working on managing the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships. The point of view of those working on managing the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships has achieved an advanced level of organizational intelligence among those in charge of organizing the Iraqi Basketball Federation tournaments that raise the level of smart leadership they have.
The point of view of those working on managing the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships has achieved an advanced level of organizational intelligence among those responsible for organizing the Iraqi Basketball Federation tournaments that raise the level of smart leadership they have. Raising the level of smart leadership in organizing basketball tournaments and matches requires increased attention to supporting emotional intelligence, according to the point of view of those working on managing the Iraqi Basketball Federation\'s championships. It is necessary to work to empower those responsible for organizing the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships to raise the level of emotional intelligence because of its importance in raising the level of smart leadership for them. The Iraqi Basketball Association needs to take care in accrediting qualified academics specialized in sports management, adopting opportunities to develop the capabilities of those responsible for organizing the Iraqi Basketball Federation championships.

The aim of the research is to: Get to knowEffectiveness of using technology judgmentVAR) in football from the point of view of Iraqi Premier League referees for the 2023-2024 seasonTo identify the extent to which governance technology contributes(VAR).The researcher used the descriptive approach in the research procedures as it is an appropriate approach.forTo achieve research objectives,Questions were raisedIs purification a rule?(VAR)It was effective in the development of the Iraqi Premier League, is it purifying the referee?(VAR)She had a positive interaction with the match referees. be a scaleEffectiveness of using technology judgment (VAR) from10povertyatWhen he reached the research community consisted of 400 judges in the Iraqi judiciary. The exploratory experiment amounted to 50, representing 12.5% of the total sample, while the research sample amounted to 200, representing 50% of the total sample. Researchers concluded the rule of technology (Var it had a positive impact on developing the Iraqi Premier League, and it also helped referees develop their level of knowledge in how to make decisions. It also helped in giving confidence to referees in managing difficult matches that have a great deal of intensity in their football atmosphere. It helped players in reducing violent interventions that are difficult for the referee to watch due to the speed of the matches. The researchers recommended Develop technical judgment (Var) And its workers, providing the necessary infrastructure for it, and developing legal knowledge related to technology. Var, referees introduce technology Var Intensive courses and workshops to develop the electronic aspect, include it in the academic curriculum, especially in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, and provide technical courses. Var Inside Iraq by the Iraqi Football Association. Educating the Iraqi public with knowledge about the technologyVar.

The aim of the research is to prepare practical volleyball lessons by using the four pillars strategy for middle school students, and to identify the effect of the four pillars strategy in performing the transmission and volleyball skills in the second intermediate students, to assume that the two researchers assume that there are no statistically significant differences between the results of my skill performance tests Sending and preparing tribal and remote volleyball for the experimental and controlled groups, and there are no statistically significant differences between the results of the performance of the transmission and preparation skills of the volleyball between the two experimental and control groups, and the research community available in the second -grade middle -grade students persistently in the morning study in the high school for boys within the secondary school within Forms of the General Directorate for Baghdad Education/ Rusafa for the academic year (2023/2024), The total number of (180) students, who are inherently distributed to the six study people, the application sample of the number of (40) random students in the two divisions (A) and (C) represented (22,222 %) of the origin society, and after preparing the performance tests The skill and preparation of practical lessons in this strategy was applied after tribal tests by experimenting with a period of (8) weeks at a rate of (1) one lesson per week and for each skill (4) consecutive weeks, and then conducting dimensional tests and processing the results automatically with a system (SPSS) so that the conclusions and recommendations are to apply The strategy of the four pillars in practical physical education is suitable for middle school students, and helps in improving the performance of the transmission and preparation skills of their volleyball, and they outperform the improvement level of the performance of these two skills for students who study without them, and it is necessary to increase interest in modernizing teaching strategies in active learning and employ their applications In the lesson of physical education by adopting individual differences to suit the age and level of middle school students, It is necessary to include the applications of the strategy of the four pillars in the preparation courses and training in the General Directorates of Training and to introduce teachers to how to employ them in practical lessons of volleyball because of their positive returns to the skill factor for second-grade intermediate students

The research aims to build and codify the composite attention test according to the optimal accuracy areas for the players of the overwhelming beating (16-18 years) in volleyball and find levels and standard grades for them, where the researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method to fit with the research problem and represented the research community with middle school students in a secondary school in Karrada School for Distinguished (Directorate of Education Rusafa II), which numbered (93) students from the regular students in attendance and the research sample was represented by (30) students and were identified In a deliberate way, the sample of legalization was represented by (30) students, where the researchers concluded that the composite attention test according to the optimal accuracy areas for the players of the overwhelming beating (16-18 years) in volleyball achieved the purpose for which it was designed and the researchers reached the development of grades and standard levels of the composite attention test according to the optimal accuracy areas for the players of the overwhelming beating (16-18 years) in volleyball and the researchers recommended the adoption of the composite attention test according to the optimal accuracy areas for the players Overwhelming beating (16-18 years) in volleyball and prepared by researchers.

This study aimed to identify the levels of self-confidence among football players in the first division league in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in addition to the differences in the levels of self-confidence among the study sample according to the variable of training experience. The study sample amounted to (100) players who were selected randomly. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the study. In this study, the self-confidence scale was applied, which was built and standardized by both Qawasmi and Al-Farah (1996). The most important results indicated that the highest average of the dimensions of the self-confidence scale among football players under study was in the dimension (psychological aspect), which came at a rate of (73.47%), while the lowest average of the dimensions of the scale was in favor of the physiological aspect at a rate of (47.01%). Regarding the differences in the levels of self-confidence according to the variable of training experience, the results indicated the existence of statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in the dimensions (independence - psychological aspect - physiological aspect) in favor of players whose experience ranged between 10 years and more. Through the results of the study, the researcher recommends the need to pay attention to psychological preparation programs that help raise the level of self-confidence, and that this should start from the early age players.

The significance of the research lies in the fact that electronic technologies represent an important step in evaluating legal situations, and the research problem centered on the lack of attention to visual requirements and the absence of a clear image of legal situations that may be difficult for the referee to apply correctly in addition to the lack of focus on visual requirements and the unclear depiction of some legal cases which make it difficult for the referee to interpret them correctly This is because the referee's main tool is visual perception, which interprets live situations such as violations, fouls, and other cases that arise during a game Moreover, there are numerous responses and challenges in evaluating legal situations as the evaluation often relies on subjective or visual estimates based on the opinions of others, leading to inaccuracies in assessing refereeing performance.
The objectives of the research were to prepare a set of legal situations for first-class basketball referees in Iraq, to design an electronic test for certain legal situations in basketball, and to identify the scores and standard levels for some legal situations in basketball The researchers used the descriptive survey method, and the research population consisted of 65 first-class basketball referees in Iraq To statistically analyze the data resulting from the test, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used.
In light of the results, several conclusions were reached, including the design and validation of the electronic test for some legal situations for first-class basketball referees in Iraq, which is the first of its kind in the Iraqi environment, setting reference standards to serve as criteria for evaluation, comparison, or selection, and determining the standard levels for the results of the electronic test for certain legal situations for first-class basketball referees in Iraq.

The aimed of the research to prepare educational units with the Edge model in performing the skills of the overwhelming preparation and beating of volleyball for students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science, and to know the impact of educational units with the Edga model in performing the skills of preparation and overwhelming volleyball among students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sciences Sports, and the researchers assume that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal and dimensional tests of the experimental and controlled research groups in the performance of the skills of preparing and overwhelming volleyball, and there are statistically significant differences between the results of the dimensional tests of the experimental research groups and the control according to the cognitive preference in the knowledge outcome and learn my skill Receiving the transmission and sending volleyball, I adopted the experimental research curriculum by designing the experimental groups and the two equal controls, while the research community is determined by the students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education, Sports Science/University of Baghdad, for the academic year (2023/2024), the total number of (361) students distributed over (9) study people, The research sample was chosen from them randomly, two divisions, two to reach (64) students by (17.279%) of this society, and then one of these two divisions was chosen randomly, so that its students were the experimental group from the Division (D) and the other from the Division (C) officer with a number of (32) students Each group of them, as was chosen by the students of the Division (G) (10) students of the sample of exploratory experience representing (2.77 %) of their origin society, and after identifying the skill technical performance tests for each of the skills, the exercises were prepared and the vocabulary of the Edja model was employed, and applied by the reality An educational unit per week and each skill (4) units to continue the application (8) consecutive weeks and after the end of the experiment, the data was processed with SPSS To be the conclusions and recommendations that the application of the vocabulary of the Edga model in the practical physical education lessons for volleyball has proven suitable for students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and the Edga model application helps improve the performance of the skills of preparing and overwhelming volleyball in volleyball for students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sciences Sports, they outperform their performance in students who are studying in the way used in the practical lesson, and it is necessary Attention to the inclusion of the vocabulary of the Edga model and its inclusion in educational exercises, so that the teaching of the mind and the body is walking side by side in achieving the goals of the physical education studied practical.

The aim of the research is to prepare practical volleyball lessons by using the beehive strategy for the fifth preparatory students, and to identify the impact of the beehive strategy in performing the overwhelming multiplication and defending the stadium in volleyball among the fifth preparatory students, and I adopted for the experimental approach with the experimental design with two experimental groups and the equal control Exactly the arbitrator of the tribal and posttests, and the research community is available in the fifth preparatory students in the morning study in the Al -Fursan Preparatory for Boys within the formations of the General Directorate of Baghdad/ Karkh for the second year (2023/2024), the total number of (225) students, who are distributed By their nature, to the four people, the application sample of (48) students were chosen randomly in the two divisions (B) and (c) representing (21.333 %) of the origin society, and one of the two main applications of the application sample was chosen randomly to be the Division (B) the group The experimental number of (24) students, and the other division (C) the control group of (24) students, represents (21.333 %) of the origin society, After preparing the skill performance tests and preparing practical lessons in this strategy, it was applied after the tribal tests by experimenting for a period of (12) weeks at a rate of (1) one lesson per week and for each skill (6) consecutive weeks, and then conducting dimensional tests and processing the results automatically with a system (SPSS) to be Conclusions and recommendations that the vocabulary of the beehive strategy can be applied and its vocabulary is employed in educational tasks in practical physical education lessons for the fifth -grade middle school students, and its application helps in improving the level of the skills of overwhelming hitting and defending the stadium in volleyball for the fifth preparatory students, and they outperform the improvement of this level The skill performance of the two skills in students who are studying without them in the practical lessons of volleyball, and it is necessary to focus on practical applications to teach the performance of overwhelming multiplication skills and defend the stadium in volleyball with a greater rate of explanation, guidance and feedback from external sources to increase students ’empowerment to discover and revitalize the role of class students Fifth preparatory in practical lessons, It is necessary to pay attention to developing the capabilities of physical education teachers in preparatory schools, and to increase their knowledge of the importance of the applications of the beehive strategy in practical lessons in a manner that depends on scientific planning according to the foundations and principles of methods of teaching physical education.

Artistic gymnastics is one of the individual sports, and it is considered one of the most difficult due to its significant physical and motor requirements. Additionally, it involves numerous apparatuses, each containing multiple skills that students must learn. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercises using equipment on learning the skill of half-turn inward landing on the pommel horse. The research hypothesis proposed that there are statistically significant differences between the post-test results of the control and experimental groups in learning the half-turn inward landing skill on the pommel horse, in favor of the experimental group.The researcher used the experimental method, which is suitable for the nature of the study. The study population comprised 340 students distributed across 10 sections of the second year at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad. The sample for the study was drawn from second-year students in Section (H), with a total of 28 students. After excluding those injured or failed, the final sample consisted of 20 students, representing 5.88% of the total population. The researcher employed a design with two equivalent groups: a control group and an experimental group, as this design suited the research procedures.Conclusions: Based on the results, the researcher concluded the following: The exercises designed using the correct scientific approach play a significant role in helping students and instructors learn the skill faster. The equipment used provided real support for the technical pathways of performance, facilitating the learning of the half-turn inward landing skill on the pommel horse. The researcher recommends the continued use of these exercises and equipment to teach this skill to students.

This study aimed to identify the impact of the Iraqi Women's Futsal League competitions for the 2023-2024 season on the level of skill performance and some physical and motor abilities of the players participating in the league competitions, i.e. a comparison between before and after the league competitions, as pre- and post-tests were conducted on a sample of 45 players participating in the Iraqi League, and the researcher processed the results of the raw tests and the study reached the significance of the results in skill performance and physical and motor abilities, which confirms the positivity of the impact of the Iraqi League on the players. In addition, playing matches continuously helps in developing the skill performance of the players, and the researcher recommends that the training curricula for coaches in the preparation stages include intensive matches in order to raise physical and skill capabilities.

Futsal is one of the games that needs high physical abilities & perfect preparation to make the player faced the difficulties in the match. The player of futsal must have high physical & coordination abilities to do the basic skills of the futsal game because this game obligates the player to be ready for attack and defend in the same time add to that this game is being developed in coaching sessions from team to team, Through the watching of the classes of futsal by the researcher because he is one of the teachers in this game, he saw some weakness in some physical and coordination abilities that means there is no focus on them, So the researcher design special exercises to develop them and then develop the performance. The researcher used experimental method to solve the problem and achieve the goals and used pre-test and post-test. The sample of the research are the students of fourth class of physical education and sport science department in Jihan university and they are (14), the percentage is (77%). The researcher does some personal interview with some expert add to the expert of the researcher himself to choose the physical & coordination abilities. The results of the research are the developing of all research variables

The importance of the research is evident in the use of exercises with the training device, which is one of the modern techniques in teaching the abilities of players, especially in teaching the skill of the backhand, and in improving the accuracy of the performance of players and increasing the contribution to the formation of a base for the game for players who have a good level of learning and upgrading the game to reach a certain achievement, and the research issue was represented in the lack of accuracy in sending balls to the required areas to achieve points, especially in the performance of the skill of the backhand due to the speed of play during the course of the match, and the study aimed to introduce modern technology using the training device and to know its effect on the accuracy of performing the skills invested It was found that the device used during the standardized exercises used by the researchers on the accuracy of the backhand performance and it was found that the device used proved effective in the accuracy of the skill performance of tennis players under the age of (16 years), which achieved the aim of the research.

To assess the prevalence of obesity and physical activity among individuals at Umm Al Qura University, a cross-sectional study design was applied from January to August 2024. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire titled "Prevalence of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity in University Individuals" administered at Umm Al-Qura University. Participants completed an online, self-administered questionnaire that gathered information on sports participation, age, height, and weight. The results of this study showed that 23.2% of the participants were overweight and 16.7% were obese. Specifically, 11.59% of male were obese and 14.21% were overweight. Among females, 8.9% were overweight, and 5.10% were obese. Regarding physical activity 47.2% did not engage in any form of physical activity. Among those inactive, 21.10% were male, and 26.7% were female. Additionally, 12% of overweight and 8.55% of obese individuals reported no participation in any physical activity. This study will help in creating awareness among university people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

The research aimed to design an educational curriculum using the Snokel device in learning freestyle swimming for learners aged (8-10) years, and to identify the effect of an educational curriculum using the Snokel device in learning freestyle swimming for learners aged (8-10) years. The researcher chose the experimental curriculum in the style of two equal groups (experimental and control), with a pre- and post-test. The researcher selected learners in the specialized school affiliated with the Central Iraqi Aquatics Federation aged (8-10) years. Randomly from the research population, which numbered (23) learners, (3) learners were excluded for the exploratory experiment, so that the sample number became (20). After that, the researcher randomly divided the sample into two equal experimental and control groups, each group consisting of (10) learners. The educational units were prepared using the Snokel device in learning free swimming. After completing the duration of applying the educational units, the researcher reached several conclusions, which are: An educational curriculum using the Snokel device affected the tests for free swimming (for the experimental group), and the effect of the prepared curriculum. by the coach in the freestyle swimming tests (for the control group), and the preference for an educational curriculum using the Snokel device prepared by the researcher over the curriculum prepared by the coach in the freestyle swimming tests.

The researchers touched on the importance of psychological endurance among football players and its effective impact in raising the level of players’ abilities and preparations to reach the athlete and the team to a high level of sporting achievement within league competitions. The aim of the research is to reveal the psychological endurance of players of some Iraqi Premier League football clubs, and its relationship to skill performance. Because psychological endurance is one of the most important psychological factors and certainly plays an important and fundamental role in preparing players and has a significant impact on the skill performance of football players, the researchers assume the existence of a significant correlation. Statistical significance between psychological endurance and skill performance among Premier League football players. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the form of correlational relationships because it is compatible with the nature of the research. The research community was identified with the Premier League football clubs in Iraq, which numbered (20) sports teams. The research sample was With teams of (7) clubs from Baghdad Governorate, divided into (15) players from each team, with a number of (105) players, and a percentage of (21%) from the research community who participate in the Iraqi Premier Football League for the season. (2024 - 2025), and they represent the research sample who were chosen deliberately. The researchers used a special means of measuring psychological endurance and a method of analyzing skill performance to reach the results of the research. The researchers concluded through the results of the research that Premier League players possess psychological endurance as for skill performance. It was also high among the research sample, and the results of this research clearly showed that there is a positive relationship between psychological endurance and skill performance among Premier League soccer players, and one of the most important recommendations of the researchers is Sports teams should be prepared psychologically at a high level during the preparation periods and expose the players to high-level matches with great psychological pressure, which helps to raise the state of psychological endurance and benefit from the players who have previously participated in the leagues. The researchers also recommend the necessity of using a research scale and also revealing the level of skill performance. As an effective means for the coach to identify the players’ psychological endurance and skill performance, and to conduct further studies on the aspect of psychological endurance and link it to the physical and tactical aspects of the players.

Among the most often played team sports, football is played by players of various ages and skill levels. This sport's physical growth is mostly dependent on methodical training aided by contemporary technology, which has greatly improved athletic performance. High endurance capacity is necessary for exceptional football performance in order to maintain constant physical effort during practices and games, especially considering the competitive nature of the sport. This study aims to enhance speed endurance capacity among players of the Al-Talaba youth team (aged 19) in Baghdad by applying advanced technological tools such as the GPS Ubiko tracking device and the Heart Rate monitoring device (Polar H9). The implication of the research lies in introducing compound exercises based on modern technology, contributing to improved players’ physical performance and the development of training strategies founded on accurate data. The research highlights the necessity of developing speed endurance among players, which requires the use of modern technologies for performance analysis and the implementation of compound exercises (physical) to enhance their ability to sustain physical effort during matches. The results revealed that exercises utilizing devices such as GPS and Polar significantly improve speed endurance, highlighting the importance of mixing these technologies into sports exercise programs to achieve optimal benefits.

Volleyball is considered one of the most important team sports, which is practices by women and men For different age groups. Specific exercises contributed of the type of body kinetic intelligence activities clearly at the level of this sport, as it is considered the ideal, fastest, and most applicable solution, as the researcher found his problem in the lack of interest in this exercises In proportion to its importance for effectiveness, the research aims to prepare specific exercises for bodily kinetic intelligence activities , the importance of the research lies in developing the skill accuracy of the undulating serve skill of jumping (flutter) , the researcher used the experimental method with two groups, control and experimental, with pre- and post-tests .. The tests were conducted the accuracy of the skill (serving from the top (flutter)) and the research population consisted of first-class players for the 2022/2023 season, which are (6 clubs). Al-Hussein Club was chosen by a deliberate random method, and the research sample consisted of (12 players) after excluding two players (liberos) . They were divided into two equal groups and the bag was used Statistical analysis (SPSS) to extract the results and after presenting and discussing the results, it was concluded that there is a positive effect of specific exercises with bodily kinetic intelligence activities on the accuracy skill of the undulating serve from jumping (flutter) with a volleyball between the pre- and post-tests for both groups , as well as between the control and experimental groups, and in favor of the experimental group and the researchers recommended the necessity of using these exercises and conducting future studies and other on and other samples and for different skills.

The importance of the research emerged in using a type of modern methods as an attempt to improve performance and develop special endurance. A set of exercises in the HIIT style was developed as a comprehensive and intensive training program in a scientifically studied manner that can enhance and develop special endurance and various offensive skills for female handball players. These qualities contribute greatly to increasing endurance and improving their offensive performance on the field. The research aimed to prepare exercises according to the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) method in developing special endurance and offensive skills for female handball players. The researchers adopted the experimental research method by designing a single group with tight control in the pre- and post-tests. The research community was represented by the players of the Al-Talaba Sports Club، numbering (10) players who continue training. They were chosen intentionally. The training program was implemented on Sunday (10/3/2024) until (10/6/2024). The duration of the training program was (12) weeks، with three training units per week، and the total number of training units was (36) training units. The training days were Saturday، Monday and Wednesday. The training unit time (120) minutes، and the time of the main part of the training unit was (80) minutes، and the intensity used ranged from (85 - 95%)، from the first training unit to the last training unit، and the total repetitions ranged from (3-10) and the groups (3-4) within the training unit، and these exercises are characterized by the presence of an intermediate rest between the exercises in the form of positive rest (jogging or stretching exercises)، and the pre-tests were conducted on the research sample on (Saturday and Sunday) corresponding to (10-9/3/2024) at 3 pm، and the experiment was completed by applying the post-tests on Wednesday and Thursday (12-13\6\2024)، and the researchers used the statistical package SPSS version (26) to calculate the values of the arithmetic mean، standard deviation، skewness coefficient، percentage and t-test، and the researchers concluded that the interval training (HIIT) had a positive effect in developing the special endurance، which was reflected in developing the performance of the players in the research sample، and the researchers recommend using High-intensity interval training (HIIT) method in developing physical abilities and offensive skills of female handball players.