JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

Gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most common STIs and is a global health problem because of emerging antibiotic resistant strains that compromise the effectiveness of treatment. This study was carried out to determine the susceptibility and resistance of the most effective antibiotic to Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from urethritis patients. Thirty five patients with urethritis were included in this study. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard procedures resistance patterns were detected by disk diffusion test (DDT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimum inhibitory concentration of all antibiotic used in this study were determined by an agar dilution method as complementary test to the previous sensitivity test to verify the rate of resistance. The results showed that N. gonorrhoeae were completely resistance to cephalexin, gentamicin and trimethoprim with high rate of resistance to rifampicin, doxycycline (84.21%), azithromycin (73.68%) and amikacine (68.42%) and moderate to low rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin (52.63%) and cefotaxime (42.1%). Result showed that N. gonorrhoeae isolates had high rate of sensitivity to levofloxacin and imipenem (94.73%) and 4 out of 19 isolate showed resistances to ceftriaxone with sensitivity rate 78.95%. The present study made to prove that there was only limited number of drugs effective against N. gonorrhoeae, and most probably in near future, if irrational use of antibiotic is not stopped the rate of resistance will increase.

Thalassemia has been classified by the world health organization as a major public health problem. It occurs throughout the world and regarded as one of the major health problems in endemic regions as Middle East, Mediterranean countries, Asia and North Africa. Endocrine complications in Thalassaemia Major Patients with multitransfused Thalassaemia Major patients may develop severe endocrine complications. Due to multiple transfusions is the main cause of such complications, Iron accumulates in many tissues such as liver, heart and endocrine glands. The study aims to study the function of Thyroid gland in β- thalassemia Major male patients in Kirkuk city. The study was conducted β-thalassaemia major patients whom attended the thalassaemia center in Azadi Teaching hospital in Kirkuk Governorate from September 2015 to the end of January 2016. A total of 105 male subjects were participated in the study, (30 normal healthy subjects and 75 thalassaemic patients).Body weight height was measured. About, five ml of venous blood were obtained from all normal subjects and patients. One ml of blood sample was collected for measurement of packet cell volume (PCV) and heamoglobin (Hb). The remaining four ml of blood sample were used for serum separation. Serum used for measurement of serum thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), T3 and T4. Results of study showed a high significant decrease in body weight and height of male thalassemic patients as compare with male counterpart of control subjects of same age. Also, there was a highly significant reduction in the concentration of heamoglobin and PCV value in thalassaemic male patients as compared with control male subjects. There is no significant increase in serum Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in male thalassemic patients as compare with male control subjects. However, there is highly significant reduction in serum T4 and T3 concentrations in male thalassemic patients as compare with male control subjects.

An FBG thermometer was designed for medical applications in human body. In this work, a short period Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor system were demonstrated and investigated according to the measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift. This FBG designed by using OptiGrating 4.2 software and various temperature where applied according to human body temperature ranging from hypothermia (35 ̊C) to hyperthermia (42 ̊C) and taking into consideration the normal human body temperature as (37 ̊C) which is taken as a reference temperature in the simulation design. There was shifting in Bragg wavelength for each temperature degree. The applied temperature of FBG was so small so the strain effect is neglected.

Repeated oral administration of (10 and 20 mg/ml) of Acetamiprid (ACP) - a neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against both soil and plant insects (LD50=200mg\kg), for 14 days in male albino mice aged (6-7weeks) induced significa
\4nt changes in the histoarchitecture of the kidneys included marked congestion, tubular cell degeneration and sloughing of epithelial cells. haemorrhage and sever necrosis observed depend on the dose . The oral toxicity study of (ACP) revealed that this neonicotinoid insecticide is of highly risk in albino mice.

Heavy metals and antibiotic resistance were screened for local isolates of Bacillus species which either alkalophil or thermophil. Differences in their heavy metals resistant were detected against Pb, Hg, Cr, Co, Mo and Zn. Antibiotic resistant for ampicillin, cholaramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, rifampcin and streptomycin were detected. Some of the isolates belong to B. alcalophilus have heavy metals and antibiotic resistance. DNA electrophoresis showed difference in plasmids size and electrophoresis profile of some isolates of B. alcalophilus, no plasmid was recognized in DNA samples of B. stearothermophilus.

The study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts (cold and hot) extracted from leaves of Cassia acutifolia against Candida albicans isolated from clinical cases. Twenty five isolates of yeast were isolated from different cases of candidiasis. Four isolates that isolated from vagina, intertriginous, nail, mouth and standard isolate were used in further experiments. Results of the sensitivity of C. albicans towards nystatin showed that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all isolates was 0.15 mg/ ml. Analysis of crude extracts of leaves of C. acutifolia was carried out to determine its contents from biologically active compounds were isolated from extract, results of sensitivity of the isolates of C. albicans towards crude extracts showed that the cold alcoholic extract from the leaves of C. acutifolia showed high inhibitory effect on growth of the isolates of C. albicans. The isolates that isolated from intertriginous and vaginal showed sensitivity to cold alcoholic extract that extracted from leaves of C. acutifolia at MIC 30 mg/ ml to both isolates. Cold alcoholic extract from leaves of C. acutifolia showed high effect on the percentage of germ tube formation which is one of virulent factors of C. albicans so there is a reducing in the percentage of germ tube formation by increasing the concentration of extract especially for vaginal and standard isolates during incubation period of 2-6 hrs.

In this study, two hundred samples of blood were taken from pregnant women which suffering from cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in Baghdad. Diagnosis of anti-cardiolipin & CMV was done by using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique, the age of subjects were ranged from 25 to 45 years. The results were compared with control group which constitute of fifty healthy pregnant women, their age ranged from 25 to 45 years. It was observed that there is a positive correlation coefficient between anti-cardiolipin & anti-CMV titer. Also there is significant difference between mean of anti-cardiolipin and anti-CMV titers of study and control groups. It was concluded that anti-cardiolipin antibody IgM may be associated with first trimester recurrent abortions for women infected with CMV.

The local sweet pepper cultivar was used in this study. Sterilized seeds were growing on different germination media to germinate and obtaining seedling. Full strength MS medium supplemented with1 mg/L GA3 and agar was superior as compare to medium containing 7 gm/l agar and distilled water and MS medium with agar ,the germination percentage reached ( 86.7%) as compare to ( 55% and 23.3%) for both last two medium respectively. Moreover The results showed that the leaves gave significant differences in the fresh and dry weight of the induced calli, they were 0.248 g and 0.034 g respectively compared with 0.198 g and 0.017 g respectively for the calli produced from the hypocotyls. The results showed that the salinity had negative effect on callus growth. The control treatment with 6 ECdS.m-1 gave the highest calli fresh and dry weight 198.69 mg and 21.97 mg compared with 132.70 mg and 11.36 mg for 10 ECdS.m-1 treatments.

The project aims to develop a database for the quantity and quality water of northern and southern Kufa drainage system, Project included collection of 8 samples every month for one year which was divided in four season each of them contain average of three months, the samples were taken along two Kufa drainages water. The data indicated the electric conductivity Ec of two kufa drainage water during spring season was few value compared others seasons due to dilute rainwater, while increasing of electric conductivity during summer season was due to drainages proceeding and increased evaporation of heat temperatures during summer season, winter and autumn seasons were noted slight decreasing of Ec was due to evaporation decreasing with high level of drainage water and limitation of drainage process agricultural land. In addition result indicated high salinity in southern drainage water and it was moderate salinity according of classification system of USA salinity lab because there are treatment station named barakia drain its pollutant

This study aimed to extract proline acid from locally available plants (Schangina aegyptiaca and Tamaricaceae). The plant was collected from different regions of Baghdad to extract proline acid by two method, first using toluene with ninhydrin, while second using alcohol which was obtained different concentrations (0.192 μ mol /g) for the S. aegyptiacaand (0.302 μ mol /g) for Tamaricaceae,while second method with alcohol obtained (0.811 μ mol /g) from S. aegyptiaca and (0.405 μ mol /g) from Tamaricaceae, which indicated most efficient 50-60% then proline acid was concentrated to (28.6 μ mol /g). The proline concentrations in Schangina aegyptiaca and was higher in Tamaricaceae, therefore proline acid is a natural material adto reduce negative effects of salinity water of irrigation.

Use lubricant oil is one of the most important sources of pollution in the environment because of the massive amounts and toxicity of the compounds found in it. Therefore, purification and recycling of these oils have economic benefits as well as environmental benefits. Solvent extraction method was adopted in removal contaminants found in used lubricant oils in order to ease and affordability. Different solvents such as 1 - butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and hexane were used to study the extraction of base oil from used lubricating oil. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the ash content in the oil output after evaporating the solvent. It was found that 1 - butanol is best suited to remove contaminants and then the methyl ethyl ketone and finally hexane. Because of close value of ash content of oil resulting from treatment with the methyl ethyl ketone to 1 - butanol , methyl ethyl ketone was used because of low cost, speed evaporation ,and easily retrieved. The optimal conditions for extraction was studied which include solvent to oil ratio, temperature and time of extraction .It has been found that the best ratio is 4.7 to 1 of the solvent from the oil at temperature 50 ° C for 30 minutes. The physical properties of treated oil were examined which include specific gravity, viscosity, pour point , flash point , ash content and total acid number and were compared with the properties of the fresh and used oil and with base oils.

The current research consists of two variables , The first is the organizational culture. Its dimensions (strategic dimension, communications, results orientation and orientation towards work teams) Which represents the independent variable And the second variable is the dependent variable The organizational structure Its dimensions (formal, central, complex).It has been selected sample Search Represented by (72) a member of the general managers and heads of centers and departments and Divisions For each of the Planning and Follow-up Department , the Department of Materials Research , the Department of Environment , and Water And the Department of renewable energies , In the Iraqi Ministry of Science and Technology .Pronounce and current research of the problem is expressed in questionably How organizational culture affects the Organizational Structure dimensions For the Iraqi Ministry of Science and Technology? Thus, this research aims to achieve a set of goals, the most important: Knowledge of the level organizational culture in the Ministry of Science and Technology And knowledge of the impact of organizational culture in the organizational structure dimensions To the ministry,In addition to the preparation of a conceptual framework for the major search variables.To achieve these objectives and to test the research hypotheses have been relying on the descriptive analytical method, and has been adopted The questionnaire as a tool for data collection and analysis.The theory has been relying on the research and studies pertaining to the subject of research,To test and analyze the research hypotheses adopted researcher on the statistical program (SPSS) and program (Excel),It was reached the most important set of conclusions There is partial impact of organizational culture in the organizational structure dimensions,As the culture does not affect In the structure fully But their impact was in two dimensions (formal and Central) only.

The compensation in any form it would be compatible with the modern law state with democratic orientation in which the administration will subject to the authority of the judiciary in obligating the granting compensation for the damages affected the individuals. These damages can be easily compensated but not all damages will be in the form of material loss by the administration towards the individuals. Some kinds of damages might raise some problems while prompting or compensating such as moral damages. These damages affect the individual in the moral side and caused him pain, sadness, suffer and concern. Thus, the administration could not compensate with an amount of money to remove such damage. The French Council of State was the first to take of the compensation for moral damages. Though this council has refused compensation for moral damages and headed towards compensation for material damage only, eventually it began a new era of embraced the policy of compensation for moral damages and met with the other ordinary justice. This new approach fined entire welcome by the common law jurisprudence in France. With this approach a new era of fairness was born. The administrative court was in need for it to increase the public confidence in its justice.

The inventories of the important things in many companies, accounting for 50% of the capital invested overall with the intensity of pressure goal to reduce the overall costs of the other types of uncertainties (Blur), so we will provide in this research economic order quantities College (production economic quantities) to reach the optimal batch size Almillbh (FEOQ) when they are all landmarks in case you are not sure where it is converted to one period and then get on the economic batch size. One of the main problems faced by the management of any organization is how to make the best decision if the decision is to maximize profits or minimize costs or reduce the cost of storage. Stockpiling is the most important resource of the enterprise resources they need, especially if it affects the lives of citizens, so it became a trend to keep storage and control it by the companies of very important topics.

The present study revealed that thyroid gland in adult Hedgehoge (Hemiechinus auritus) located at both sides of 1-5 trachea ring within the neck region. The results also showed that the gland consist of two lobes (left and right), and both of them surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue formed from two layer. Results of the present study showed that the thyroid gland consist of a number of follicles of different size and shapes. These follicles lined by simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelial tissue and even simple columnar epithelial tissue in some cases. Histological examination showed that gland formed from two types of cells represented by epithelial cells and parafollicular cells, (C-cell). The later are few in their number in comparism with the epithelial cells, and appeared as a single cell or in cluster, they are located interfollicular or intrafollicular, in their position.

The oesophagus in both birds was long muscular tube, thin–walled and distensible tube, it was situated between the oropharynx cavity and proventriculus. The oesophagus in Iraq black partridge (Ibp) divided into three regions represented by anterior part (Cervical), median part (Crop) and posterior part (Thoracic),while in white breasted kingfisher (Wbk) its divided in two regions, anterior part (Cervical) and posterior part (Thoracic), because the crop was absent. In both birds, the anterior part (Cervical) of oesophagus located in the midline, dorsally to the larynx and trachea, which was fixed by connective tissue. In the median part of neck, the 0esophagus location changed where it was located on the right side of the midline, among trachea laterally and Jugular vein, vagus nerve and thymus dorsally. In (Wbk), the oesophagus was curved littleness on the right side of midline in contrast to the (Ibp). In (Ibp), immediately in the thoracic entrance, the oesophagus returns to the midline and it expanded ventrally pouch, (the crop) which was located between clavicle and breast muscles. The internal and external surface of the crop presented irregular folds. In (Ibp), the anterior part of oesophagus (Cervical) taken an (S) shaped because it was longer than its neck column. In both, the posterior part of esophagus (Thoracic) entered thoracic region and then located dorsally to the trachea, syrinx and heart, ventrally to the lung. Finally, the posterior part of oesophagus (Thoracic) opened in to the Proventriculus. In both birds, the anterior part of oesophagus (cervical) was longer than posterior part (Thoracic). The internal surface of the oesophagus demarcated with longitudinal folds.