Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

This research addresses the problem of delayed adoption of the public budget in Iraq and its negative effects on the national economy. In many years, the completion and implementation of the public budget law were delayed for several months from the beginning of the fiscal year, and in some years, the law was completely absent. This resulted in significant damage to the national economy. Additionally, the preparation of the final accounts for many past years was not adhered to, and even when prepared, it was done so very late, sometimes several years later. This weakened oversight, increased public funds wastage, and opened wide doors for financial and administrative corruption.
Based on the research conclusions and recommendations, it is necessary to adhere to the legal timelines for adopting the public budget and preparing the final accounts. The budget should be kept away from political influences and interests and placed within neutral technical and economic frameworks to ensure economic stability and enhance financial management oversight and transparency. All relevant parties, including the legislative and executive authorities, should collaborate to achieve these recommendations and ensure the stability of the public budget and the sustainability of economic growth in Iraq.

Trans boundary groundwater is an important point in the international organization and exploitation of natural resources of economic and environmental importance. Interest in this matter began and specific legal rules on how to exploit these natural resources to conserve pollution or use. it is responsible for referring the issue of legal regulation of underground exploitation to the International Law Commission since 1970. The fruitful outcome of this committee was the Convention on the Use of International Watercourses for Non-Navigational Purposes of 1997, which entered into force on 17 /August /2014, which Iraq joined by Law (39) of 2001.

The rules of international human rights law have had positive repercussions that greatly influence the constitutional rules related to human cultural rights. The two international covenants on human rights of 1966 are the first related to civil and political rights, while the second is related to economic, social and cultural rights, as this covenant entered into force on (3/ January / 1976 and these two covenants were approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations by Resolution No. 22006 on 12/16/1966), which gave them the international framework for their binding legal principles as well as many international agreements and covenants that emphasized the guarantee of cultural rights as one of the basic rights of man through what it contained Of the legal provisions that should be observed in the national legislation, and we will discuss in this research in detail the most important cultural rights as one of the international rights, which are included in the national constitutions in their legal texts as internationally recognized international rules, then we will refer to the most important practical applications of the international rules of cultural human rights in the national constitutions .

Malaysia is one of the Asian countries that has succeeded in diversifying its economy by diversifying its manufacturing and extractive industries, in an attempt to reduce its dependence on oil revenues and get rid of the rentier trap, following a set of policies and procedures supporting the diversification process to bring about a structural transformation in their production structures, exploiting all its natural resources. and mankind to achieve this.
Therefore, the research aims to introduce the Malaysian experience as it is one of the unique experiences in diversifying the manufacturing industry by presenting the development of the manufacturing sector in Malaysia and the most important policies and procedures that have been applied to achieve industrial diversification and the social and economic benefits achieved from that, which will be addressed in the first topic, while the second topic included to The extent to which the Iraqi economy can benefit from the experience of diversification in the manufacturing industry in Malaysia.
The study concluded that in order to benefit from the Malaysian experience in diversifying the manufacturing industry and simulating it in the Iraqi economy, it is necessary to know the factors and policies that contributed to the success of the experiment, except the role of the state in providing an integrated investment environment that attracts foreign and local investment, as well as the economic reforms pursued by the government from the seventies of the last century that Contributed to Malaysia's discovery of new competitive advantages away from oil and the emergence of industries with high added value, to be characterized by Malaysia later in the production of two groups of industries, industries based on local resources such as (petrochemical industry, edible oils, refined oil, palm oil, rubber gloves, tires) And industries that are not based on local resources such as the electronics and electrical industries.

Authenticity of precaution is one of the important practical principles discussed by jurists because of its importance in jurisprudential issues, the evidence of which is not apparent in determining what is required in a manner of accuracy, and its research by jurists with great care reveals the extent of the interest of Islamic law in being careful and guarding in questionable matters, and precaution in Shari’a carries the same linguistic meaning It is precaution and precaution and does not require more than that. Precaution has two types, which are rational and legal precaution, and this division results from the nature of the evidence on which precaution was based. It is a good precaution when suspicious to avoid falling into a violation and this is what the research has reached from the fact that precaution is good in Sharia and reason and not an obligation as some Islamic schools have gone to, and although it is good and not an obligation, it has applications in the field of jurisprudence in all chapters of jurisprudence of worship and transactions of all kinds.

The current research aims to test the effect of cognitive biases on the effectiveness of the strategic decision of a sample (75) of administrative leaders at the University of Karbala. The researcher adopted (Gaag etal, 2013) scal to measuring the cognitive biases, while (Al-Rubaie and Ahmed, 2020) scale was used to measuring the effectiveness of the strategic decision. The researcher used a set of statistical methods, using the statistical program (SPSS, 23) to analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaire. The research found that the cognitive biases negatively affect the effectiveness of the strategic decision.

this study aimed mainly to clarify the role and importance of fintech innovations as a new idea in banking as electronic banking services that mainly contributed to enabling the banking sector to provide new banking services characterized by high quality in a way that enabled various social groups to obtain banking services in time and place The appropriate and fulfilling its desires, as the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach in studying the various aspects of fintech and the quality of the banking service and testing the research hypothesis by doing a questionnaire of 24 paragraphs and it was analyzed according to the last program Loyalty (spss), as well as measuring the validity and consistency of the questionnaire by testing the degree of reliability in the alpha Krumbach factor, for the purpose of testing and measuring the degree of credibility (reliability) in the responses to the questionnaire, as the research problem lies in explaining the role of fintech in enhancing the quality of the banking service, which On the basis of which the alternative hypothesis was accepted and the research has concluded that there is a large role for fintech in achieving electronic banking services of high quality. The research also reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that the use of fintech innovations and means in providing banking services contributes significantly to Achieving high quality banking services.

The harmful act is one of the most important sources of commitment and the most applied in practical life after the contract. Responsibility has been and still is the subject of extensive and in-depth studies. It is the first involuntary source of obligation that arises from an accident that the law has an effect on, i.e. an obligation and it is called in positive jurisprudence the tort or responsibility for the wrongful act.
Since it is established that the apostate damage is caused by tort liability, but this talk raised in our mind the question of the possibility of the apostate damage arising from contractual liability and not only from tort liability, and considering that the apostate damage is a direct harm and not an indirect harm, Since it is a direct harm, then it is possible to try to prove the possibility of achieving compensation for the aggrieved party as a result of the realization of contractual liability in general.

Abstract The speeches of Lady Al-Zahra (peace be upon her) depended in their content on Al-Hajjaj's linguistic, rhetorical and logical, as they were the approved mechanisms and techniques of Al-Hajjaj, which we find in most of the functional discourses that he performs in the speech, and the goal he aims at, and it has become one of the topics that occupied It has received a prominent position and wide interest in Arabic studies, by examining its problems, frameworks and starting points for Western scholars, where Al-Hajjaj is at the heart of discourse analysis theories, considering the discourse as a set of internal phonetic, morphological, structural, and even technical and logical rhetoric elements. Whoever goes back to the contents of the sermons of Lady Al-Zahra (peace be upon her) and her relationship to what surrounds the rhetorical text will find that she built her speech on the basis of focused rhetorical and argumentative techniques that were unique to her without the preachers of her time. and demand that he be returned to his family. Lady Fatima al-Zahra, peace be upon her, employed the Noble Qur’an and the Noble Prophetic hadith in her speech remarkably, because this gives the speech a clear argument, conclusive proof and strong evidence for all recipients. Keywords of the research ( argumentative techniques in the sermons of Mrs. Zahra Al-Hajjaj as-salaam)

The research aims to identify:
1- Self- efficacy of educational counselors.
2- Strategies used by educational counselors in coufrontation .
3- Statistical significance of the correlation between self- efficacy and coping strategies of educational counselors.
The research sample consisted of (239) male and female male and female educational counselors affiliated to the General directorate of holy Karbala education who are on secondary and primary staff, they were selected according to the stratified random method with proportional distribution with (148) male and female counselors from the secondary staff and (91) male and female counselors from the primary staff, the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Abadi and the Emirate,2014) consisting of (28) items to identify the self-efficacy of educational counselors , while it relied on the scale (Asal,2018) to identify the strategies used by educational counselors in confrontation , the psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability were extracted for each scale, then the researcher applied, unloaded, corrected and processed the data statistically using the appropriate statistical means and with the help of the statistical bag for social sciences SPSS, if the results indicated:
- Educational counselors have a sense of self– efficacy .
- Educational counselors use all coping strategies while they prefer to use the coping strategy more when working.
-There is a statistically significant correlation between self- efficacy and coping strategies of educational counselors.
In light of the results that appeared ,the researcher put a set of appropriate conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between economic growth and public debt represented by (internal debt and external debt) in Iraq for the period 2005-2020 using the analytical and quantitative approach to measure the impact of the volume of public debt on economic growth. The study concluded that the public debt in Iraq is characterized by a continuous rise due to the increase in operational government spending and thus causes a deficit in the public budget and thus to the accumulation of public debt, and this negatively affects economic growth. And increasing opportunities for the private sector to invest.

Tourist guidance means leading, managing and organizing tourist trips, implementing tourist programs for the tourist group, accompanying them and taking care of them from their arrival until they leave the host country. From the intellectual and applied axes, and the aim of answering it was to determine the role of the tour guide in using motor activities to improve the social interaction of people with autism disorder within the group and the principles of dealing with them during the stages of the trip.
The importance of the study is that it will come out with an intellectual and philosophical rooting of the nature of the study variables, based on an applied effort, and to achieve the objectives of the study and contain its problem, on the basis of which a set of hypotheses were formulated, and tested by a set of tools and statistical methods, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data and information from the study sample and the researchers reached Through the study, the most important conclusions are that improving social interaction is not achieved by subjugation, but by cooperation and love, and that the tourist is a trust with the guide, so he must preserve it and deliver it to its destination with the least effort and the highest benefits. And to a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the revitalization of tourism for people with special needs in Iraq, as it has economic and humanitarian returns, and the creation of a society with a tourism culture that incubates tourism with special needs and is not expelling them.

The presence of social networking sites everywhere and at all times, and the volume of personal information they contain, makes them a source and fertile material for many problems in personal status issues, and given the nature of these sites, they raise great challenges, some of which are related to the credibility of the evidence obtained Of these sites, on the other hand, there are marriages that take place through it and separations occur through it daily. The use of modern technology characterized by social networking sites from multiple applications such as Facebook, Telegram, Viber, Telex, fax, e-mail and others in personal matters and personal matters has generated many social and legal problems alike.. Which required us to delve into the midst of a scientific legal study that helps the judiciary to resolve the disputes before it or that will be presented by showing the appropriate ways to prove each of the personal status cases held through social networking sites, and in order to research this study in a scientific, accurate and detailed manner, we decided to divide it into three Investigations, we devoted the first topic to the concept of electronic proof. Also, this study sheds light in the second topic on the proof of marriage through communication sites, to know how electronic marriage contracts are concluded in its multiple ways and the extent to which it can be proven, in addition to addressing the case of electronic divorce and its provisions in the third topic entitled the provisions of divorce through communication sites. In conclusion, we ended the research with a set of results that we reached during the study and many recommendations that we hope to adopt.

The idea of international protection is still one of the relatively recent ideas in the field of human rights, as the concept of protection appeared for the first time in relation to the protection of minorities in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, and was also mentioned in the protocol of the Vienna Conference signed in 1815, but the large number of violations at the local level, and the lack of The existence of a real guarantee within national borders for individuals to freely exercise their political rights, infuriated the international community and eventually prompted a move to establish international treaties. And the matter was not limited to the international effort at the level of global conventions, but it went beyond it to the regional level, where regional conventions were set up concerned with the protection of rights in general and political rights in particular.

Nowadays, research institutions are at the forefront of the world leadership scene, and considered the leading authority in effective authoring activities that produce strategic projects, so that the phenomenon of authorship through these institutions has become one of the important features that indicate the progress and prosperity of societies. In this case, a group of persons participates in composing a specific work under the direction of a specialized research institution, the work of these persons incorporated into the general idea directed by the management of that institution.
Here arises the question about the rights of this institution in the work that a group of people participated in its completion. The aim of the present study is to determine the answer to this question, and we will divide it into two parts: in the first, we deal with the legal concept of the rights of the research institution in authorship, in the second; we study the legal protection of the rights of research institution in authorship.

It has become recognized within the context of legislative contexts that any law addresses a certain group of people to govern and regulate their relations, and the Iraqi Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959 did not deviate from that context; Article 2 of it specified the scope of its applicability in terms of persons, as it applies in principle to Iraqi Muslims, however, and as a result of the lack of legislation on personal status laws for some non-Muslim sects, and as a result of the lack of regulation of some personal status issues for sects that have special laws governing their personal status; the Iraqi Personal Status Law rose to regulate the provisions of their personal status as the general Sharia For personal status in Iraq, contrary to the contents of Article 41 of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 and Articles (11-13) of Courts Statement No. 6 of 1917, according the previous articles emphasized the freedom of Iraqis to adhere to their personal status according to their religious beliefs, and the Iraqi Personal Status Law and as a result of the application of rules of conflict of laws in some hypotheses applies to non-Iraqis, so we address in this research the main rule for the applicability of the Personal Status Law in terms of people with a statement Extraordinary, emergency or standby rules for its entry into force.

The idea of searching of how important private sector and its turn in Development and economic progress to the country comes because of much benefit it gives.
In management, Employment and resource exploitation, so progress and development of countries can come from Transition to a free market economy that depends on private sector, and limiting the state interference in economic activity
In Iraq, the transition to free market came after 2003 so that the private sector is the center of this transformation . As it becoms the essence of economic reforms to the advancement of the Iraqi economy.

The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between two main variables (talent management and proactive work behavior), through a survey of the views of a number of teaching staff in private universities - the holy governorate of Karbala. In order to ensure the representation of the population under study, the researcher used the simple random sampling method and distributed the questionnaire to (110) teachers. Statistical analysis of the data collected from the respondents was carried out using (SPSS v.25) and (AMOS) programs. The study reached some conclusions, the most important of which was that in light of the rapid changes and increasing uncertainty in the environment of the Iraqi business sectors in general, and the education sector in particular, there is an increasing need to adopt the dimensions of talent management, which is a safety valve for it in the direction of promoting proactive work behaviors. The study also suggested some recommendations, the most important of which are that if the private universities in the holy governorate of Karbala under study want to enhance the proactive work behavior of their teaching staff, they must adopt the concept of talent management and its dimensions as it represents many positive improvements that change the work environment for the better.

The objective of this study is to identify the role of strategic leadership through its dimensions (strategic orientation, investing and maintaining core competencies, developing human capital, supporting and strengthening organizational culture, emphasizing ethical practices, implementing balanced organizational control) in achieving strategic success through its dimensions. (survival, adaptation ,growth). The study was applied to a group of leaders at the upper and middle levels in the Iraqi Drilling Company - Basra, where the researcher relied on the intentional sample method for the opinions of a group of these leaders, and their number reached (253) managers at different levels, and therefore the community is the intended sample. Among the conclusions, the most important of which is that the studied individuals had a high positive attitude towards the strategic leadership variable and this indicates the interest of the Iraqi Drilling Company - Basra to this variable due to its importance, and the results of testing direct impact hypotheses showed that the strategic leadership variable affects the strategic success in the Iraqi Drilling Company - Basra This indicates that the study sample company, whenever it pays attention to the dimensions of strategic leadership, will positively enhance its strategic success. The researcher concluded the current study with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the leaders of the company under study to work on having the will and the ability to take initiative and make decisions in the light of modern perceptions. Emphasis on the strategic leaders of the company in question by developing their skills and abilities to make major changes Strategic and its implementation, the need for leaders in the company in question to understand that growth inspires vitality and activity through the challenges it creates and the returns it provides.

The creative nature of the process of depositing funds imposes on the bank an obligation represented in returning the funds deposited with it to the deposited customer upon request or in the event of the expiry of the period specified in the contract concluded between them, where the obligation to return is confirmed and guaranteed by the bank, regardless of the results of investing
the funds deposited if the most important commitment falls It is the responsibility of the bank to guarantee the deposit and its interests in all cases, whether it is in a normal circumstance represented in the bankruptcy of the bank or in the case of exceptional circumstances represented by a decrease in the exchange rate of the local currency, as is the case in some countries such as Lebanon, Turkey and others, which witnessed a decline in the good time. The exchange rate of the local currency, which affected the banking sector in these countries and led to the loss of customers’ confidence in depositing their money with the bank for fear that it would not be recovered from the bank. In carrying out its activities and functions, it depends on the money that they deposit in the It also aims to ensure the recovery of deposited funds regardless of the economic circumstance that the banking sector is going through, so in this research we will clarify the identification of bank recovery and its effects, and the position of Iraqi legislation and comparative legislation on it.

There are many freedoms that must be available to a person in order to be productive, and religion is one of the most important axes revolving around his orbit of freedom. Religion is an innate matter, and religious freedom is one of the most innate matters that must be made available to man, and the external appearance of religious freedom is the practice of its rites. Religious rituals are among the most important manifestations of religious freedom that are inherently innate to humans, and which must be allowed to exercise them, but within the limits of public order and public morals,And without prejudice to the security and stability of society to the extent that other freedoms begin. It has been proven throughout history that the practice of religious rites is one of the freedoms that must be provided to individuals. Otherwise, the social system is disturbed and instability becomes felt by the individual or the disadvantaged group being deprived in an important aspect of their happiness and the sustainability of their survival except the freedom to practice religious rites and rituals .

This research aims to identify the role that strategic vigilance plays in sustainable administrative development in the Technical College and the Technical Institute in Musayyib. This research came to address the problem that most Iraqi educational institutions suffer from, which is their weak ability to compete against international universities and their inability to enter the classifications International. According to the implementation of the research hypothesis and the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of three axes. The first axis dealt with the demographic distribution of the sample and the second axis included the dimensions of strategic vigilance. The third included the dimensions of sustainable administrative development, where the five-point Lekert scale was used to measure the research variables. The form was also distributed to the research sample. Which amounted to 30 faculty members, and 30 were recovered, thus the response was 100%, as some statistical methods were used, such as the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the answers of the research sample. The sample was used by using the spss program in data analysis, and a set of results was reached, the most important of which was that strategic thinking is still limited in the Iraqi educational institution. The necessity of adopting educational institutions w The strategy of vigilance is of great importance, especially after Iraq's openness to global competition.

Financial inclusion is one of the most important analysis tools used by central banks and financial institutions to know the reality and performance of the banking sector. International institutions and major countries have paid great attention to it.
In this context, the research seeks to identify the reality of financial inclusion in Iraq, build a synthesis index for it, analyze it, know its reality and its implications for the performance of the Iraqi economy because of its role in enhancing development efforts and justice in the distribution of incomes, confronting poverty and enhancing the ability of individuals to integrate and contribute to building their societies and facilitate Economic transactions as well as enhancing the stability of the financial system.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the low levels of financial inclusion in Iraq and the weakness of the banking system represented by the lack of infrastructure, the poverty of the Iraqi banking system for financial inclusion data, as well as the low financial awareness of individuals and their lack of confidence in the banking system, as well as the difficulty of comparing the indicators of inclusion. The financial system individually between countries, and the lack of real results, as the comparison on the basis of individually leads to misleading results.
Based on the above, the researcher suggested a set of recommendations that would raise the status of the Iraqi banking system and raise the levels of financial inclusion in Iraq because of their impact on many social and economic aspects, which in turn are reflected in the reality of growth and development.

The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the countries in the Middle East that has a major role in the foreign policy of Afghanistan, due to the great strategic importance of Afghanistan as it represents an important part of the land bridge at which three geographical regions meet, namely, the Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia. Accordingly, Iran was keen to preserve its existing interests in it, and to change its strategies after the American withdrawal in line with the new reality of Afghanistan, in order to preserve Iranian national security for geographical considerations, and Iran also embarked on the implementation of the Chabahar port project in the city of Zahedan, the capital of Sistan-Baluchistan province, southeast of Iran in extending Pipes up to the Afghan province of Dilaram in the north and to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea in the south To