Al-Noor Journal for Humanitarian Studies

The novel A Woman in Restless Eyes by the Iraqi writer Iman Al-Muhammadi is built upon a multitude of issues, reinforcing the concept of simultaneity—a term we use to describe the discussion of multiple topics and social, political, and literary transformations within a single text. This thematic density may serve as a narrative mobilization employed by the author to alleviate the anxiety of confession and the burden of memory.
Perhaps this reading seeks to engage with this simultaneity without emphasizing a single subject or theme, reflecting the predicament of the reader attempting to grasp the text in its entirety. This is what I have termed “the text that wants to say everything”—a text that demands your attention as it unfolds its intricate depiction of reality. In other words, as a reader, you are drawn into an experience that resists singular interpretation.

The novel is built upon its vision of the world and the human experience within it. It appears almost like the autobiography of an Arab woman—an emotional and social story that does not differ much from many contemporary novels written by women, who have sought what I would call the "centralization of women's presence." This is achieved through personal narratives that intertwine life experiences and portrayals of women within their Arab society, along with struggles that vary in intensity and in the depth of their awareness of the most impactful concept for them: freedom.
A careful and critical reading reveals a reliance on a solid foundation, demonstrating a conscious mastery of novelistic writing techniques and a perceptive engagement with its creative framework. The elements surrounding and reinforcing the text serve as evidence of this, as we explore its title, parallels, and themes. Ultimately, the novel achieves a goal of stimulating readership—it structures and composes skillfully—yet the story still leaves its fragments within us.

Praise be to God، the All-Knowing and Kind، who made creation and disposition among His signs، and guided mankind to reasoning and mitigation، and may blessings and peace be upon the author of the honorable trail، our Prophet، our beloved، and our master، who was sent with the true religion، and upon his family and followers who have prudent opinion، and after:
Lightness is a linguistic requirement upon which all human languages agree. Therefore، it is considered one of the most important reasons for which changes occur in the structure of the word. In our Arabic language، most of the morphologists give reasons for lightness، especially Ibn Ya’ish. The cause of lightness is the goal of the speaker’s tongue.

Praise be to God، thanks be to Him، and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers، the Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) and upon his good and pure family and companions.
Every research has importance and problems، and the importance of this research lies in the identities of the tramps in this vast world that considers them to have no identity، so this research came to clarify the importance of identity to them، but with regard to the problems، they were in agreeing or not agreeing with the other on this identity، and explaining the reasons. And solve the problem through study samples and the models that were found in them. To find out about this، our research included several sources. At the forefront of these sources was Dr. Youssef Khalif’s book “The Tramp Poets in the Pre-Islamic Era” and many other sources. The research aims to identify the relationship between the vagabond poets and their associates in the tribe whose identity they want to obtain. This research included a brief sample of vagabond poets who had poetic verses that carried the content of identity. Therefore، through this research، we contemplated identity، in order to know its effects on their lives in that period، period. The pre-Islamic era، and identifying its most prominent results، and working to resolve the ambiguities and differences between identity and belonging، since identity constitutes one of the dimensions of belonging، and working to resolve crises related to identity، and knowing the role of identity in maintaining civil peace، as it was formed in the minds of the tramps by Cognitive frameworks.

The novel is built upon its vision of the world and humanity within it, appearing almost like the autobiography of an Arab woman—an emotional and social story similar to many contemporary novels written by female authors. These writers have sought what I might call the "centralization of women's presence" through personal narratives that embed life experiences and portrayals of women in their Arab societies, as well as struggles that vary in intensity and depth of awareness regarding the most impactful concept for them: freedom. A careful and thorough reading reveals a reliance on a solid foundation, demonstrating a conscious mastery of novel-writing techniques and an engaged awareness of its creative system. The elements surrounding the text, complementing it, and strengthening its structure all serve as evidence of this, as we will explore through its title, parallels, and themes. Ultimately, the novel achieves a degree of reader engagement, constructing and layering its narrative, yet leaving fragments of the story scattered within us.

The focus of the research revolves around the anxious narrative pursued by the narrator، and its imprints appear clearly on the rest of the narrative elements، and this comes from the attractive relationship between all components of the narrative. The term anxiety is defined in the psychological field as a pathological condition more than a physical one، although its connection to the body is strong، which reflects a negative condition affecting the body. It affects the general behavior of the character، and he behaves in a way that is different from what is normal and natural. This disease is usually associated with people who are willing to accept it because it is an imaginary disease rather than a real one. It is an emotional state characterized by a strong affection towards the other and one who expects for him or for himself the occurrence of danger and a feeling of complete inability to overcome it، and often Anxiety afflicts those with weak nerves، or those who are characterized by emotion، drive، and a sensitive feeling، or those who sense danger، whether that danger is imaginary or real. At the same time، narrative narration constitutes an artistic value in entering into telling the story and presenting it in an artistic manner through varying procedures between one storyteller and another، according to the method he chooses. And the mechanisms that he employs with the aim of drawing the final imaginative picture of the axis of the story (the nucleus) and then presenting its events in a comprehensive manner to become an integrated work of art. Thus، the narrator has produced a second text addressed to the reader in which details and elements have been added to the basic facts of the events، and from here comes the importance of narration، as The narrator deliberately manipulates his presentation in terms of time and the order of events، as well as the rest of the other narrative elements، according to his vision، point of view، and location... and for this reason we find a discrepancy between the time of the story and the time of its narration.

In his artistic treatment, specifically in his narrative blog (The Story of the Last Arab), the novelist starts from a cosmic/universal idea, based on intellectual and philosophical statements about the concept of a system of endings, such as the end of man, the last man, the end of history, the end of the intellectual, the end of politics, the death of God... Etc., replacing the word “beginning” with the word “the end” to systematically indicate the surrounding pessimistic tendency represented by the futility of Arab civilization, which is now standing on the brink of collapse with man abandoning his historical concepts and his cultural incubator, linking his existence to worldly work, and beginning to preach a new reality represented by Western civilization with its American liberal democratic model that The novel participated in anticipating, creating, and crystallizing it within the psyche of the Orientalist writer who began to bet on the future of Western civilization and went beyond hinting at making a statement, setting the supposed time of the story in the year (2084). The “form of endings” is also one of the open semantic circles that reveal the depth of the writer’s cultural experience and the summary of his future vision of life - according to a dark, pessimistic vision - to announce in all frankness the end of the “solid rationalism” Arab civilization and the death of man linked to his cultural references and the transition to the space of fluid, latent rationality as the latent reference. The absolute, self-sufficient person. The narrative came to herald the emergence of modern man and his dissolution and solution in the new world order, and the material/natural system becomes the center around which existence revolves and in which he sees signs of goodness and hopes without talking about the glimmer of hope and the glimmer of salvation from this desertified reality collapsed with sterility and indifference, which is fading with the return to Heartbreak as he sighs the suffocating sigh of the end, mourning his afflicted reality because he is aware that the hour of salvation is far away and there are no signs of a bright new dawn or an imminent victory for man in the foreseeable future.

There is no doubt that the Holy Qur’an is a miraculous linguistic text in its vocabulary, structures, and methods, and the words in it have various suggestions and different connotations, meanings are extracted through lengthy contemplation and the work of thought, and there is no delusion or wonder about that, as the words are the words of Allah (Glory be to Him), with which He challenged the Arabs and the non-Arabs - human and jinn. That they bring something like it, even if they support each other. Among its vocabulary is the word: ((embarrassment)), which is used in the Qur’anic text with meanings and connotations that are not limited to its linguistic meaning only, but extend to various connotations according to the context in which it occurs. The word: (embarrassment) is one of the Quranic words that came in the context of Facilitating and reducing the legal costs on the people. It was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in fifteen places. It came in the noun form in all of those places, but it did not come in the verb form in the Holy Qur’an. The word: (embarrassment) came in the Holy Qur’an in three meanings: The first: meaning (Doubt and uncertainty), the second: meaning (distress), and the third: meaning (sin).

This study presents an applied model of the phenomenon of correspondence of senses in Arabic poetry in the Middle Ages, specifically in the :Mameluke era. According to the Egyptian poet Al shab Al zarif, the research attempted to establish systematic controls for this pictorial phenomenon in poetry, through its connection to the human senses and its effect on the poet By integrating the qualities of the five senses together; To generate unique sensory images that penetrate the physiological characteristics of the human senses within a poetic system that connects all the two senses with symbolic relationships that appear in the poem. This study established the structure of sensory correspondence and demonstrated the elements that form the linguistic structure of sensory correspondence, in addition to determining how the characteristics of this or that sense are transferred to another sense, eliminating its basic function and giving it its own characteristics. The research also presented the relationship of the correspondence of the senses to Arabic rhetoric, especially metaphor, which is the basis of every sensory correspondence that we find in the linguistic form, with its connection to it and its influence on the formation of the sensory correspondence image within the poetic text. Through our analysis of the selected examples from the poet’s collection, the study was applied to them with precise scientific analysis that shows the poetic images that the correspondence presented in them that carried the poet’s emotions, with an imagination that employed the senses to perform the intended meaning. So it is permissible for him to manipulate its true characteristics and functions.

Artificial Intelligence has witnessed significant improvements in various disciplines, including translation. Machine translation and NLP (Natural Language Processing), the subfields of Artificial Intelligence, have radically altered the way we communicate through languages. However, there are still some concerns about the impact of this technology on the quality of sacred books
such as the Glorious Qur’an. The current study addresses this concern by attempting to answer the research question: “Do linguistic and cultural variances of synonyms affect the quality of the translational product?” This study utilises the concept of meaning and context by Cliff Goddard (2011) and Goddard and Wierzbicka (2014) to achieve this aim, demonstrating how Artificial Intelligence handles the semantic and cultural nuances in Qur’anic verses when translating them into English. The results showed that Artificial Intelligence was often unable to capture and convey the implicit meaning of synonyms in Qur’anic verses when translating them into English.

The study at hand attempts to assess intercultural communicative competence (ICC) level for postgraduate English Foreign Language learners (EFLs) in three Iraqi’s universities, using triangulation methodology in collecting data to fill in the gap of using inaccurate methodologies in assessing ICC.
The study adopted a modified model of Alvino Fantini's (2001) model of intercultural communicative competence. This study will concentrate on two components of ICC: awareness and knowledge. The tools used in this study are intercultural communicative competence questionnaire (ICCQ) which explores how students perceive their intercultural competence (IC), oral proficiency interview (OPI) to test learners’ oral language proficiency, and situational judgment test (SJT) to objectively assess their ICC level. Therefore, the study belongs to mix-method methodology. The sample were thirty postgraduate EFL learners, with 10 individuals from the University of Mosul, 10 from the University of Anbar, and 10 from the Tikrit University and each group of ten is homogeneous in terms of gender. The collected data underwent several statistical analyses to obtain reliable results. The results reveal that the ICC level among postgraduate EFL learners in the three universities is generally low.

Dans son roman Soumission qui repose sur la stratégie de l'anticipation, Michel Houellebecq choque les lecteurs pendant la montée des attentats terroristes au début du XXI siècle. Dans cette optique, notre recherche intitulée "la phobie de la conversion doctrinale dans le roman Soumission d´Houellebecq", va préciser la façon dont Houellebecq évoque la phobie de la conversion doctrinale et ses aspects politiques et sociaux dans ce roman. L'analyse du discours du roman, le rend un miroir des répercussions des évènements sanguinaires qui se sont déroulés en Europe au début du XXI siècle.
En conclusion, la présente étude a dévoilé diverses causes du discours islamophobe adopté par Michel Houellebecq qui font d´ Houellebecq un écrivain détesté par l'intelligentsia partout. Mais tout cela ne l'empêche pas d'obtenir une grande réputation parmi les grands écrivains français contemporains et d'obtenir les prix littéraires.

This article examines war trauma and its psychological imprint on characters in Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms (1929) through psychoanalytic theories and trauma studies. Drawing from foundational theories of trauma by Sigmund Freud the analysis emphasizes the repetitive, self-destructive patterns of behavior exhibited by traumatized individuals. Hemingway's portrayal of Lieutenant Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley reflects the profound psychological toll of WWI, presenting their struggles as emblematic of the broader human condition in the post-war period.
The novel captures the cyclic nature of violence, the haunting of unresolved memories, and the struggle for meaning amidst the chaos. By situating the narrative within historical and sociocultural contexts, Hemingway mirrors his personal experiences with war, offering a raw and honest depiction of its impact on identity and memory. The discussion highlights how Hemingway's firsthand exposure to war influenced his narrative style and themes, using his characters' psychological wounds to explore the enduring scars of WWI. This perspective deepens our understanding of Hemingway’s contributions to modernist literature, showcasing his ability to articulate the unspeakable realities of trauma and its pervasive effects on individuals and society.

The current study is concerned with the problems translators face when translating Arabic love paronomasial terms into English in light of their pragmatic implicational discourse. Arabic has a significant feature of paronomasia, especially lip service expressions, which enrich emotional depth, cultural context, and nuanced meaning adds. The study explores how these complex devices of meaning are translated into English, taking into account the loss of aspects of meaning, cultural significance, and pragmatic effect.
The study examines a selected Arabic source text along with its two translated versions into English produced by two Assistant Professors at the Department of Translation/College of Arts/University of Tikreet. The study aims to determine the common strategies used in translating the emotional and rhetorical elements in the source text, namely literal translation, paraphrasing, and creation. The results point toward the challenges inherent in paronomasial translation, and the need to achieve equivalences in pragmatic functions, along with balancing fidelity to the source language with adequate treatment in the target language.

This research explores the concept of readership regarding translation and its effect on literary texts and figurative language. It aims to determine the relationship between the readership and the translation process as well as the method of translation that is used by a translator for each type of reader. It is hypothesized that the translation issue is influenced by the readership. The study suggests an evaluation of the translation in terms of the nature of the reader to highlight the translator's knowledge of this variable.The study provides a theoretical overview of literary writings,
with a particular focus on the use of figurative language as a representative of these texts, and explains the concept of readership. Practically, five types of allusion from Shakespeare's comedy “The Merchant of Venice” and four translations of Mutran (1976), Anani (1988), Amin (1994) and Akawe (2009) were selected as research samples to determine the extent to which the translators adopt certain strategies toward the intended reader.

Among the most remarkable developmental milestones in children is language acquisition, a process that has mystified scientists for decades. Although correlational, this study sheds light on the complex interplay of input frequency and language complexity in the service of stimulating language acquisition among young learners. This paper employs a longitudinal, computational approach to observe longitudinal children language development, quantify these stimulus space constraints, and identify plausible candidate computational mechanisms governing linguistic forms learned by children
The current study is designed as a multiple-strand, converging methods analysis, using naturally occurring observations of language input addressed to children and peer-child language with probabilistic analysis (on the premise that all of the tokens of psychological know are in the corpora of language), (Crossley & Sokal 1997), child-directed speech. Simulations will allow to reproduce the general patterns observed and test the robustness of these findings under varying scenarios. It is wise to consider these broader insights when thinking about how input from research and practical experience can feed into IPCC output.

Cette recherche vise à mettre en lumière les éléments de "l'énonciation" et de la structure du conte La Barbe bleue de l’écrivain français Charles Perrault, ainsi qu’à analyser les techniques de narration et de discours, puis les textes embrayés et non embrayés dans le contexte de ce conte
L’originalité de ce travail réside dans l’exploitation du conte populaire en tant que texte littéraire utilisé pour l'enseignement et l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère. Son contenu se concentre essentiellement sur l’étude du conte La Barbe bleue, mais il ne s’y limite pas ; il tente également d’explorer les différents types de contes populaires d’origine orientale ou occidentale.
L’étude s’intéresse aussi à "l’énoncé" en tant que texte rédigé ou imprimé d’une part, puis met en lumière les marques de l’énonciateur dans son discours d’autre part. Toutefois, il convient de se focaliser sur les caractéristiques de « l’énonciation narrative » avant d’aborder la « structure du conte ».
En outre, cette recherche distingue la narration du discours en s’appuyant sur la vision d’Émile Benveniste dans son ouvrage Problèmes de linguistique générale, ce qui constitue l’axe méthodologique principal de ce travail. Ce choix repose sur une série de lectures que nous avons effectuées sur les contes populaires, lesquelles ont montré que les auteurs de contes insèrent intentionnellement le discours dans le récit. Le lecteur peut observer cette pratique stylistique à travers l’utilisation de différentes formes de pronoms personnels, de temps verbaux et de structures sémantiques.Ainsi, il est nécessaire d’expliquer la distinction entre narration et discours au sein même du texte du conte populaire et de l’exploiter dans les cours d’enseignement et d’apprentissage du français comme langue étrangère.

With the rapid advancements in AI technologies, there is a growing interest in emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to enhance language teaching and learning experiences. To this end, the current research aims to understand the perspectives of EFL instructors on utilizing AI technologies in EFL teaching. Based on that, data were collected through a questionnaire of 20 terms divided into four sections regarding EFL instructors' general perspectives on AI in EFL teaching, benefits of AI in EFL teaching, challenges of using AI in EFL settings, and use and experience of AI in education. The questionnaire was presented to 40 EFL instructors at Al-Noor University and Ninevah University.
Finally, data were analyzed statistically, and results show that most EFL instructors favor the positive role of AI in language instruction. However, some concerns were raised regarding utilizing AI in language instruction.