Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The grafted vinyl acetate copolymerization lying on chitosan in weak acidic aqueous solution
was examined via using K2S2O8 as initiator. FTIR spectra, DSC, DTG and TGA were used for graft
polymer characterizing. The monomer to chitosan ratio was tested and the optimal grafting
conditions were affixed. the highest grafting percentage PG of production polymers have been
applied to remove Cd(II) ions from water samples through adsorption experiments at pH=7. The
amounts of adsorbed metal ion on the polymers was estimated using atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. The temperature effect on Cd(II) adsorption was studied too. Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherms as well as kinetic study equations were employed to fit the experimental data.
The results of the adsorption equilibrium for Cd(II) fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and the
removal percentage at 30°C after 5 min is 76.65 % and the thermodynamic parameters for the
adsorption are ΔH= 96.87 kJ/mol ΔS= 339.19 J/mol K and ΔG= -5.11, -11.13 and -11.78 kJ/mol in
different temperatures. The kinetic study of these adsorption isotherms showed that all these
isotherms correlates well with the second order equation.

Tetracycline adsorption on the surface of cobalt oxide studied in this work to determine the
appropriate conditions for increasing the efficiency of adsorption by changing the temperature,
adsorbed dosages, concentration, contact time and pH. The results showed that the rate of
adsorption decreased by increasing the temperature and concentration and at 45 minutes with
0.1 gm of Co3O4. The influence of pH on adsorption at pH (1.2, 6, 8) was studied and concentration
with a linear range of (20-70 mg/l), the adsorption ratio decreased by increasing the concentration at
the same pH. The point of zero charges pHzc calculated and found to be equal to 7.2. Both
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm studied. The result showed a good agreement with Freundlich
linear model

New metallic liquid crystalline polyphosphates showed thermotropic nematic liquid crystal
phases (2.13–2.24 eV). The surface morphology of polyphosphates was examined by the scanning
electron microscope and showed rough surface and micro pore structure which an indication of the
presence of several crystalline domains.

In this study, a new hybrid medium density fiberboard was formulated by utilizing a fiber
mixture composing of 50:50 empty fruit bunch and kenaf fiber coupled with palm-based prePolyurethane functioning as a binder. Kenaf as well as Empty fruit bunch fibers had a size range of
300 to 500 μm. Aluminum trihydroxide was used as the fire retardant at loading percentage of 0, 5,
10, and 15 wt% of total mass of the matrix. Water absorption property for hybrid-MDF showed a
different trend in water absorption capability and this can be correlated to the strong dependence on
the interface adhesion between fiber and the polymer matrix. The water absorption decreased as the
loading level of Aluminum trihydroxide increased (6.5 – 2.3%) due to that fibers are held to each
other through the interfacial bonding in the presence of Aluminum trihydroxide.

The self-consistent Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations with several Skyrme parameterizations; SKM, SKM*, SLY4, SKxs25, MSK7, SKO, SKxta, and SKxtbhave been used to investigate some static nuclear ground-state properties of some Chromium (50-54Cr) isotopes. The nuclear ground state charge, mass, neutron and proton densities with the corresponding root mean square radii, the charge form factors, the total binding energies and the neutron skin thickness can be calculated. The calculations are performed using NuShellX@MSU code, where the deduced results led to specifying one set or more of Skyrme parameterizations that used to achieve the best agreement with the available experimental data

This paper report the experimental results of the effects of the inter-electrode distances and applied voltages for various operating pressure on the electrical characteristic of plasma discharge.We have studied the Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and discharge current –gas pressure (I-P) for different inter-electrode gaps (3, 4, 5, 6, and 8) cm of the planar magnetron discharge. Also Paschen curve were measured at different spacing, The Paschen curves in Ar gas show that the breakdown voltage between two electrodes is a function of pd (The productof the pressure inside the chamber and distance between the electrodes). The results show the sensitivity of electrode separation lead to change the electricalcharacteristic of generating plasma; where The I-V characteristics of argon gas were deduced as a plasma system operated in abnormal glow discharge region, which is very impotent deposition sputtering. As well as the discharge current was increased for argon plasma discharge with the increasing of the working pressure lead to increase the deposition rate. Paschen curve is analyses at different working pressures and gap distances between two electrodes .the behavior between discharge current and discharge voltage for different gap distances between two electrodes was nonlinear, In addition the experimental finding validated that the suitable electrical characteristics of glow discharge current as a function to applied voltage for varying argon gas pressure atinter-electrode spacing equal to 5 cm

In this article we introduce and characterize new types of soft sets in soft bitopological spaces, namely, soft (1,2)*-omega difference sets (briefly soft(1,2)*-ωD~-sets) and weak forms of soft (1,2)*-omega difference sets. Moreover we use these soft sets to study new types of soft separation axioms, namely, soft (1,2)*-ω-jD~-spaces, soft (1,2)*-α-ω-jD~-spaces, soft (1,2)*-pre-ω-jD~-spaces, soft (1,2)*-b-ω-jD~-spaces and soft (1,2)*-β-ω-jD~-spaces, for2,1,0j. Furthermore we investigate the characterizations and the relations between these types of soft separation axioms and other soft separation axioms.

In this article, the existence‟ and uniqueness‟ theorem of the solution of the generalized two dimensional „fractional‟ partial integro-differential equations (2DFPIDEs) have been proved. Then, the sequence of approximate solutions of the generalized 2DFPIDEs employing the variational iteration method (VIM) had been derived and proved and then we prove its convergence to the exact solution. Finally, illustrative examples are simulated using computer software Mathcad 15 and then a comparison between the approximate results and „the exact solution are given‟, which discover its competence.

This paper proposed a strategy to create a digital currency by producing a list of serial numbers by an authorized organization (Issuer). Each number in the serial numbers list will be merged with the issuer’s secret key (Sec_key)and then hashed using hash function to produce the issuer hash code (H-code).The issuer hash code will be considered as a digital banknote and then it will be distributed to the payeeas a type money. When a person likes to pay (transfer) these digital banknotes to another person,he/she must prove this transaction by his/her privet key using digital signature process. This mechanism needs a third party to control the process of money transaction by checking the validity of the digital signature and who is authorized to own this digital banknote. The third party is the issuer himself (the central bank). For each digital banknote the issuer hash code will be saved in a record without changing to check if this digital banknote is counterfeit or not. The problem of double spending will be solved by swapping the owner identifier immediately after the transaction process. The proposed method aims to produce a digital cryptocurrency to be as alternative to the traditional physical currencies and it will be called as Dig Cur. According to some tests the proposed method can be considered a good method to take advantage of it instead of other cash applications.

AutomaticTellerMachines(ATMs)andvendingmachinesisarapidlygrowingtradeintheIraqimarket.Billacceptors\validators,areconsideredtheheartofthesemachineshaveagreatsignificance.DuetotheinflationinIraqwithnumerousforgeryattempttothecurrency,anefficientwaytoacceptandvalidatetheIraqicurrencyisveryimportant.Thispapersuggestsabillacceptor\validatortoaccept,recognizetheamount,andvalidatethebillbasedsolelyonimageprocessingfunctionsratherthanthemagneticfielddetectionthatisusedintheregularBillAcceptors.Theprogramcouplesthefakedbillwithaphotographofthepersonwhopresentsit.TheprogramusestheMatlabcomputervisionabilitiestorecognizethebill.ThedistinctivecharacteristicsthatappearsonthebanknotewhenanultravioletlightisshedonthebillitusedfortheauthenticationpartwiththesameMatlabpatternrecognitionfunctions.Theproposedsystemincludeallthemechanicalandelectronicalpartsthatareusedintheproposedsystem.Theresultswas100%accurate,whichimpliesthatthereisgreatpossibilitytousethistechniqueinindustrialbillacceptors.