Hammurabi journal for studies

This research studies the spread of the Corona virus, which has turned into a global pandemic that has cast its shadow over all countries without exception, and tries to study its repercussions on the global economy - which has been floundering in a suffocating crisis since the beginning of this year - by imposing travel restrictions, money market losses, airlines and tourism, decline in stock exchange prices, and the global crisis in trade exchanges resulting from the closure of borders and the suspension of exports and imports in returne for lower oil prices.
We will also talk about the repercussions of Corona on international relations in general, and on the Middle East region in particular, as there is a practical value to research the potential future effects of the crisis, in order to understand the dimensions of the decisions taken in the present and to diagnose the threats and opportunities as well as to anticipate the future, In this context, we will use the potential futures tool, meaning that we will present a set of possible scenarios for the state of post-Corona societies and countries (such as the increase in Chinese power or the continuation of American hegemony). In order for the research treatment to gain its feasibility, we combined three methodological phases, a descriptive phase concerned with reviewing a set of ideas, and an analytical one that understood their backgrounds, stakes and similar debates, then a critical phase that showed the error of some of the sayings and scenarios, and monitors their theoretical and practical paradox.

Corona is a virus that has saturated the world with rumors and theories, especially the conspiracy theory, until the news about Corona need an evidence and proof to be believed, but this does not prevent the fact that this epidemic carries with it, political and intelligence dimensions in the global system in which countries are fighting for the birth of a new world order in which they are the first dominant.
Therefore, we find that in times of crisis, the conspiracy theory is always popular, but before this theory is approved, it is necessary to know the mechanism of dealing with it, and the first step in that is to know who is the real beneficiary of this theory, here the numbers and facts may come to disappoint the believers in the conspiracy theory, Especially since this epidemic has spread significantly and almost did not exclude a country from the countries of the world, and due to the Corona epidemic - for the first time - countries are facing one enemy.
So, to this day, there is no beneficiary people. Even if one of the countries benefited, everyone would follow him and follow his solutions in order to get rid of this epidemic, but we see those who implement the complete closure, then it is ban, then it is close, then partially banned, then completely banned, and so on in attempts here and there to find a solution that does not deviate much from the idea of trial and error, or attempts to achieve the least possible losses. This definitely excludes the conspiracy theory in the outbreak of this epidemic.

The world knew in late 2019 a fatal virus invaded the world known as the new Corona, which caused a global economic crisis, which led to the suspension of all economic activities, and Iraq was one of those countries, as the virus caused the collapse of the Iraqi economy due to its dependence on oil, which led to a financial deficit in the state treasury, as this virus had effects on society, as the unemployment rate increased and the poor became poorer, the local currency collapsed against the foreign currency, and the food commodity rose.

Societal security in Iraq has become threatened after the exacerbation of the phenomenon called (the fugitive weapon), although this phenomenon was not new or urgent for a society that finds in weapons what it considers to be a continuation of manhood and a manifestation of strength. Therefore, this study tries to sail a little into the past to answer many questions, most of which are related to the motives of this intimate relationship between arms and the Iraqi individual, especially if this individual wears the clothing of the tribe and the clan, as it tries to find specific answers to the dangers of this phenomenon, whether on community security or on the whole components of the Iraqi national security, leading to the creation of a viable mechanism for controlling weapons with tribes and clans and not withdrawing or seizing them. This matter is not practically possible, taking from previous experiences - despite their failure – an evidence of finding consensual formulas, whether security, military, legal or encouraging to implement this, in addition to the role of the rational clergy authority (Marje`ia) in guiding and urging the success of this national mission.

The research aimed to reveal the nature of the Iraqi’s attitudes towards political parties with a secular orientation , the differences in these attitudes according to the variables of gender, age group, and socio-economic level, to achieve these goals, the researcher intended to build a prepared scale for this purpose.
The current research sample was draw by a simple random method, as it reached (1000) individuals, of both gender, whose ages ranged between 19-80 years, with an average of 35.9 years. The results showed , that the attitudes formed towards political parties with a secular orientation are negative , the age groups between 19-38 years disseminate among its ranks negative attitudes towards the aforementioned parties , the individuals of the middle socio-economic level have more negative attitudes than their peers at other levels, and the gender variable did not have a clear effect on the attitudes formed towards these parties

The exchange rates affect the public budget through its effect on the components of the public budget represented by public expenditures and public revenues, and the effect is indirectly through changes in local prices, as the effect of fluctuations in the price of exchange is overburdening or depressing the budget that it is known as a rise or fall in prices , which the state is forced to bear the additional costs or increase the proportion of revenues as a result of increasing the volume of exports through diversification, In addition, there is an inverse relationship between the dollar exchange rate and the public budget deficit, that is, any decline in the exchange rate of any country leads to a high demand for its exports, as the low exchange rate of the dollar causes the public budget deficit to increase.

Dans cet article, nous abordons le rôle des institutions d’éducation et de socialisations dans le soutien et le développement d’une culture de la paix, à travers différents chemins et en utilisant différentes méthodes, telles que la formations du personnel du ministère de l’éducation, des enseignants et des directeurs. Et les organisations non gouvernementaux et responsables de jeunesse, sur le contenu, les méthodes d’enseignement et les compétences nécessaires pour promouvoir une culture de la paix et de la non-violence. Les concepts de culture de la paix et de non-violence sont également intègres dans les matériels pédagogiques et de manuels sur la culture de la paix et les droits de l’homme au service de la société dans ensemble. Cela s’ajoute à l’attention portée au rôle de la famille, des medias et des institutions religieuses dans la consolidation de la culture de la paix de de sa durabilité.

The strength of the state depends on what is called a set of symbolic factors in international interactions, whether at the regional or international level mainly in the internal environment, as the pillar is the basis upon which the state depends on building its public policies, and then comes the external environment, because of the surrounding Variables and turbulent events, and together their internal and external environments constitute the field in which politics is launched in its general form. If the environment is valid, stable, and not disturbed and in line with the general vision of the state, the state’s policy is strong, based on a strong foundation, and vice versa .
The United States of America has a stable internal environment suitable for work that is consistent with the vision of the state in building a strategy that is in line with its aspirations, and as a result it adapts to the external environment according to the requirements of the national goals group. The power is the important side of building strategy, and a basic pillar in planning the state foreign policy. The evolution of power to informatics. The United States of America adapted and used this force to achieve its higher goals through influencing the internal environment. Therefore, the research will be addressed in two axes, as following: the first: the level of security, and the second: the military doctrine.

[The study aims to find out the impact of the intellectual, religious and political transformation on James Balfour. His promise issued on November 2, 1917 in terms of his shifting from anti-Semitism, which appeared to have in 1905 and completely rejected the Jewish immigration to Britain. Suddenly, he advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine in 1917 through recognizing Anti-Semitism at Balfour, the meeting of Chaim Weizmann with him on the national home, and learn how to prepare a text-homeland Balfour from the beginning and reaching the final version. Then, analyzing how Balfour transformed from anti-Semitism to Semitism in accordance with the vision of historians. The study adapted the methodology of the historical and analytical descriptive approach by going back to the reference of the most important of foreign and Arabic studies that dealt with the subject of Balfour transformation from anti-Semitism to Semitism and the events that took place during those years. Based on the analysis of literatures, the study found that the Zionist influence on the British policy have a significant impact in declaring the establishment of a national country for the Jews. Balfour transformed from anti-Semitism- to Semitism was due to more than one reason according to the vision of historians. Some of them pointed out to religious reasons, including the method of Weizmann persuasion, or duplication of reason between the British interest and the interest of Zionism regarding the establishment of a Jewish homeland, but it turns out the reason is to try to recover the Balfour political position in British politics; after he lost his seat in the election in 1906 because of his rejection of immigration]