Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

PVC undergoes through many damaging changes upon the exposure to UV light. The rate of photodecomposition constant have been calculated for PVC films as a method for evaluating the efficiency of the organotin(IV) complexes Me2Sn(L)2, Bu2Sn(L)2and Ph3Sn(L) that are used as a photostabilizers after 300 hour of irradiation. The results have showed that the additives had reduced the rate of photodecomposition constant of PVC films significantly with comparison to PVC (blank). The (Kd) value for PVC films was the highest (1.04 × 102sec1) in the absence of any additives, and the lowest value (4.79 × 10-3 sec-1) was in the presence of dimethyltin(IV) complex. The surface morphology of PVC films examined utilizing the atomic force microscope (AFM).

The complex of Ni(II) metal with 4-amino-5-(pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol was used as a polystyrene (PS) films photostabilizer. The PS films comprising concentrating of complex 0.5% w\w were outputted by casting method from chloroform solvent. The photostabilization activities of PS films compounds with dissimilar thickness were identified by computing the photodegradation rate constant (kd) for blank and modified polystyrene. From the practical consequences obtained, a mechanism was proposed count on the installation of the complex. The PS films were irradiated utilizing a 365 nm wavelength light source with intensity 6.0210-9Ein dm-3s-1at room temperature

Quetta valley the capital of Balochistan Province, has faced twice the rush of immigrants i.e; Afghan refugees after Saur Revolution and people from interior Balochistan due to drought in Balochishan from the last two decades. Additionally a number of industries at various areas has been established. This abrupt increase in the population and discharge from the industries have affected the drinking water quality in the valley. To assess these affects, nine ground water samples taken from densely populated and industrial areas were analyzed for their physicochemical (taste, order, color, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, pH, total hardness and total dissolved salts) and concentrations of cations (Na, K, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb) by Flame Photometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The results obtained were compared with both Pakistan National Standards (PNS) for drinking water Quality (2010) and World Health Organization (WHO), standards for drinking water. All the results were in the limits of the standards except cobalt (0.095 –0.12 mg/L) and cadmium (0.0348 –0.041 mg/L) which were found to be in high concentrations that are attributed to the anthropogenic activates

Introduction:Oneofthesolutionstoreduceunregistereddrugsusageisviaawarenessandeducationalprogrammes.Theaimofthisstudyistodeterminethesignificancedifferenceofpatients’levelofknowledgebetweencontrolandinterventiongroupstowardsregistereddrugs.Method:Thestudyusedapre-andpost-testbyansweringthevalidatedsurveyduringOctober-November2018atatertiaryhospitalinMalaysia.Ithastwogroupsasaninterventiongroup(IG)receivingcounselingandcontrolgroup(CG)whichdidnotreceiveanycounseling.Thisstudyusedsystematicrandomsampling.ThedataanalysiswasperformedusingSPSSversion23.Descriptivedatawasreported,includingtheanswerseachquestion,score,levelofknowledgebasedonthepercentagesandthesocio-demographicdata.ThepreandpostdifferencesofthescorebetweencontrolandinterventiongroupswereassessedusingANCOVA.Result:Atotalof657respondentswereobtainedwhichoverallresponserateof93%).Majorityoftheparticipantsareagedbetween18-28yearsold(47%),female(58.3),Malay(47.4%),Degreeholder(69.1%)andinthegovernmentsector(38.3%).However,themajorityofparticipantsareinthecategoryoftheacceptablelevelofknowledgetowardsregistereddrugs(40.8%)andonly3.5%oftheparticipantsareinthecategoryofexcellent.However,about66.1%oftheparticipantshavescoredabove50%.Itcanbeconsideredthatthemajorityoftheparticipantshaveknowledgeaboutregistereddrugs.IGgroupdisplayedsignificantlyhigherpost-testresultscomparedwithCGgroup(p<0.001).Conclusion:Theusedofthevalidatedsurveyduringtheawarenessprogrammesmightgivebenefittothepublicwhoattendstheawarenessandeducationalprogrammesandfinallycanimprovetheeffectivenessoftheprogrammesinthefuture.Inthefuture,theimprovementofthedesignofthecampaignmightincludetheuseofasurveyinordertogivemoreunderstandingtothepublictowardsregistereddrugs.

The ratios of crude oils hydrocarbons vary according to its origin. Two types of crude oil (A&B) were selected from Dura refinery which was extracted from Basra oil fields. These samples were tested according to physical properties: density, Specific gravity, API gravity, Pour Point, Kw factor and Correlation Index. Results show that crude oil (A) heavier than (B) due to higher density; pour point and lowers (API). Crude oil (A) shows it has more aromatic compounds than the crude oil (B) according to its higher (Kw) and lower (CI) values or (B) contain more paraffinic compounds than (A) for the same reasons.Atmospheric distillation process was done according to ASTM 2892 method for the two selected crude oils. Fractions obtains were tested according to physical properties: density, Aniline Point,API gravity,Kw factor and Correlation Index. The nature of the ingredients for petroleum fractions derived from distillation of the crude oil samples can be classified on the basis of the Paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic content, depending on the results obtained from distillation which confirm the findings stated above for crude oil.Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis was carried out for crude oils atmospheric fractions to identify the components in terms of being paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatics. Resultsrefers to the same ingredients for crude oil B for the paraffinic and naphthenic components as in crude oil A but the main difference here is the disappearance of the bands for aromatics C-H stretching occur above 3000 cm-1for crude oil B which refers that this crude has less aromatic compounds than crude oil A. These results have been confirmed through ultraviolet tests

Gastriccancerisstillthemainhealththreatbeingthethirdleadingcauseofdeathsfromcancersintheworld,themajorriskbehindthisdiseaseisthatitremainsasymptomaticintheearlystagesandin(97%)casesitmetastasizestootherorgans.GastriccancerisamultifactorialdiseasewithHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori)beingthemajorriskfactor,however,patientswithgastritis,especiallyatrophicgastritisandgastriculcerhavebeenshowntobeatanincreasedriskfordevelopinggastriccancer.Inthisresearch,serumβ-catenin,carcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)andcarbohydrateantigen19-9(CA19-9)weremeasuredinpatientsdiagnosedwithgastriccancer,gastriculcerandgastritisandalsoinhealthyvolunteers.InfectionwithHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori)wasdiagnosedbyhistologicaltest,rapidureasetest(RUT)andbyserologicaltestswhichincludedIgGandIgAantibodies.Theresultsshowedthattherewasalargesignificantincreaseinthelevelsofserumβ-catenininpatientswithgastriccancercomparedtothecontrolgroupaswellastothegastritisandgastriculcerpatients.Asignificantincreasewasalsoseeningastriculcerandgastritispatientswhencomparedtothecontrolgroup.Inaddition,asignificantincreasewasseeninβ-cateninserumlevelsinpatientswithgastriccancerandgastriculcerinfectedwithH.pyloricomparedtotheuninfectedgastriccancerandgastriculcerpatients.Anon-significantchangewasobservedinthelevelsofCEAandCA19-9inallthepatientscomparedtothecontrolgroup.Theresultsofthisstudysuggestthatβ-catenincanserveasapotentialbiomarkerforthediagnosisofgastriccancerandthatH.pylorihasasignificanteffectonthelevelsofthisprotein

Thyroidhormonesareessentialelementinbodygrowthandinfluencetheformationofmanyenzymaticproteins.Thesehormonesregulateandhaveamajorroleincontrollingthemetabolismoftheentirebody.Theyalsoplayanimportantroleinthenormalhepaticfunction.Thyroiddiseasesarelinkedwithliverenzymeslevelsirregularities,cholestaticjaundiceresultedfromlowbilirubinlevelandbileexcretion,hepaticlipidhomeostasis,viralhepatitis,anincreaseinalanineaminotransferase,aspartatetransferaseandalkalinephosphatase.Thyroidstimulatinghormoneandserumliverenzymeswereanalyzedusingstandardkits.Resultsshowedthathyperthyroidismandhypothyroidismpatientshadanelevationinthelevelsofserumalkalinephosphatase,aspartatetransferaseandalanineaminotransferasewhencomparedtocontrols.However,thevalueswerehigherinhyperthyroidismpatients.ThisworkaimstostudytheeffectofthyroidstimulatinghormoneonthelevelofliverenzymesinagroupoflocalIraqipatientswiththyroiddisorder

We have calculated some of the basic structural properties such as the ground state proton, neutron and matter densities and elastic form factors of halo nuclei namely, 11Be and 14Be using the binary cluster model (BCM) within the Gaussian and harmonic oscillator wave functions. The halo nuclei have been considered as a compact core with loosely bound valence neutron(s) forming the halo. The comparison between the calculated and experimental matter density distributions supports the halo structure for 11Be [14Be] where the valence one neutron [two neutrons] occupy the 1p1/2 [(2s1/2)2]orbital. We have also calculated the reaction cross sections (????????)for these nuclei using the Glauber model with an optical limit approximation at low and high energies. The calculated (????????)of these nuclei give a good description of experimental data at both low and high energies

The radial wave functions of the Harmonic Oscillator and Woods-Saxonpotentials within the three-body [two-body] model of ????????????????+2????[????????????????+????]have been used to study some of the basic structural features such as the ground state proton, neutron and matter densities, the associated root mean square (rms) radii and elastic form factors of neutron-rich 17B [22N] halo nucleus. The long tail manner is clearly shown in the results obtained of neutron and matter densities of these nuclei. According to the calculated results it is found that this model provides a good description on the nuclear structure of above exotic nuclei. The reaction cross sections for these nuclei have been studied using the Glauber model with an optical limit approximation at high energy region

Technological development in the last years leads to increase the access speed in the networks that allow a huge number of users watching videos online. The Quality of Experience (QoE) Knowledge of services that provide from the network is a very critical matter to have a strong design of multimedia streaming networks. This paper provides a video streaming QoE prediction metric that does not require any information on the reference video. The proposed system extract numbers of features from videos that used to train the neural network and finally prediction the QoE value. Verify models prediction using 10-fold cross-validation that in a regular way split dataset (training set and test set) with multiple percentages. The proposed system verifies the best result