Hammurabi journal for studies

The Iraqi Christians believed that the change in 2003 would be for building a new democratic system in Iraq and that they were going to participate in this process as the rest of Iraqi citizens, but the country has entered into transitional period that it didn’t overcome till today . What made things worse is the entrance of terrorism to the country represented by different religious extremist groups that targeted the Christians in their lives and work the thing that pushed them to immigrate and in total this affected the political role that they should have played whether on purpose or not ,all this pushed the Christians to associate with the big parties hoping that they would survive and gain politically ,but in reality they remained as a minority that does not have any influence .

The last century witnessed many events related to the Palestinian case. It is important to mention that those events affected the historical path of Palestine. At the beginning of the twenties of the previous century, the Palestinian case is recognized as a case of nationality and liberation especially when the British mandate promised of intiating a Jewish national home at Palestine.
On the 28th of May (1964) and particularly in Jerusalem and by the blessings of many Arabic countries, the first Palestinian national conference announced initiating the Palestinian liberation organization. Additionally, due to the efforts of the first Palestinian national conference the Palestinian national treaty had been constructed which consequently led to the contemporary Palestinian revolution which aims for getting liberation to Palestine on (1985).
Throughout the long journey of the Palestinian liberation organization, the organization faced many twists and changes prominently those at the Rabat League Summit on (1974). This league decided that the Palestinian liberation organization is the only legal representative of the Palestinian people which in return helps the organization to reach to the United Nations and then gaining the international as well as the Arabic legitimacy.

Although the poor parliamentary performance in Iraq arises from constitutional, legal and political reasons, there are a number of mechanisms, based on the constitution, through which that performance can be improved. The representative who represents a legislative oversight authority, which is the first authority in the country that legislates laws, monitors and holds the executive authority accountable, must be monitored, followed up, and held accountable in order to control the rhythm of the work of the executive authority, including construction, reconstruction and services. Who monitors, follows, and holds the legislative authority accountable? In fact, it is possible to benefit from the new multi-constituency election law in order to create a supervisory body or committee in each electoral district that works on counting the district’s needs in terms of services, reconstruction and necessary projects, classifying them and including them within the MP’s electoral program, distributed over the age of the electoral cycle according to importance and necessity, and taking the pledge on it By not failing to accomplish what was mentioned in the electoral program, otherwise, he shall be subject to legal accountability. This body or committee can benefit from the Integrity and Graft Law No. (30) of 2019 to hold any deputy or archaeological official accountable to the public money account.

This research sheds light on the accident of stranding of the Evrevgen ship that occurred in the Suez Canal, specifically on March 23, 2021, as this incident preoccupied the world public opinion due to the status of the Suez Canal as a major international shipping lane.
We have reviewed and analyzed the causes that led to the ship’s stranding, and then put forward a set of alternatives in the event that navigation in the Suez Canal stops in the future (such as the Russian alternative, the Iranian alternative, the Turkish alternative, and the Emirati-Israeli alternative), At the same time, we revealed the relationship of this incident to the wars related to the economies of ports and tankers.
In this research we will also seek to raise a number of problems that the topic of our research will evoke theoretically and practically, and accordingly we will raise the following problematic questions:
How did the accident happen? Is it a coincidence or intentional? Why is this timing in particular? Is this timing related to other things? Who are the parties benefiting from this incident? What is the relationship between the Suez Canal incident and the tanker war? What are the alternatives in place of the Suez Canal in the future?
In order for the research treatment to gain its feasibility, we combined three methodological phases, one developed my description concerned with reviewing a set of ideas, and an analytical one that understands their backgrounds, stakes and similar debates, then developed a critical point that demonstrates the error of some of the sayings and scenarios, and monitors their theoretical and practical paradoxes.

The company is managed in principle by the director who is appointed by the board of directors with authorization from the general assembly of the company. On the failure of the Iraqi Companies Law to regulate the legal provisions of shadow managers through a complete presentation of the legal status of these managers in the English corporate law, starting from explaining their concept and characteristics and ending with their most important duties towards the company.

This study seeks to activating the role of governance and a peaceful solution in resolving regional conflicts in the eastern Mediterranean region over natural gas deposits ,so that Mediterranean in general, has become a vast arena. For regional and international conflict, and it could develop if no international mediation and a wise regional agreement take place to exploit the new gas wealth for a situation that is the most severe of its kind since the first and second Gulf wars. The study presented the causess and factors of the conflict and its repercussions on the countries of the region in general, as well as defining Turkeys role and position on those conflicts. The study reached a conclusion that all parties to the conflict seek to extend their influence in the eastern Mediterranean by various ways and means . This study also monitors and illustrates the map of declared alliancces tendeeers in political positions in the same region and the celebrations received for evolution of the conflict from a competitive conflict to a zero-sum military conflict.
The study also recommended the adoption of a peaceful solution through international arbitration as an effective means in resolving disputes between states in order to preserve international peace and security, promoting a culture of peace among governments and pushing them in their border disputes for peaceful action and legal arbitration by well-known methods and the necessity of resorting to arbitration as a civilized option to resolve international and regional disputes in particular to avoid wars. Which drains states' resources, weakens their capabilities, and threatens their existence.

This Research Deals with The Impact of legislative Drafting in the Iraqi Elections Law for the year 2019 and compare it with the Iraqi election law No. (45) For the year 2013, and it's Role in Achieving Electoral Justice. It Aims to Review the Integration of The Drafting of The elections law with the Regulations and Instructions Issued by the Independent Electoral Commission, The Research also Seek at the same time To Constitute the Criteria And Elements of Electoral Justice Sought in Iraq In the light of legislative Drafting Standards And the light of International Standards.

Energy security is based on the assumption that countries that possess energy resources, as exporting countries of those resources, are effective at the regional and international level, as a result of employing their potential in the field of energy resources at the political level, as well as possessing the infrastructure and technological capabilities that have helped invest in many energy projects in Europe. On the other hand, the competition between the Russian Federation and Norway came in the process of exporting energy resources (oil and natural gas), prompting European countries to coordinate with each other in order to avoid the risks and challenges of energy security. The Russian Federation also employed some common foundations in the field of energy, in order to influence some political stances that coincide with the European trend, especially with the presence of competition in the process of producing natural gas and exporting to Europe, which was associated with the high consumption of European countries of energy resources. This prompted the existence of conflict over the maritime borders between Russia and Norway due to the large reserves of energy resources in the Barents Sea area, and this position that Norway obtained in the field of exporting energy resources (oil, natural gas) gave a great impetus to the existence of competition. With the Russian Federation being the largest exporter of natural gas to Europe.

What distinguishes Islam's relationship with the West is influence and influence, arising from the political, economic, cultural, historical and ethnic dimensions that are formed and influenced on both sides, and with the west's different vision of the Islamic world, which revolves around the idea of the enemy or rival at best, the vision of The Islamists is based on that relationship based on the declared or hidden war faced by Islam from the ruling and controlling forces in the contemporary world, with its political tools of highly sophisticated military and security dimensions and media and cultural tools.