Medical Journal of Babylon

The main goal of this research is to test the rate of success of a low cost double staining method in visualizing any DNA-seminal proteins interactions. After collection of rabbit’s ejaculate and removing sperm cells, ion exchange chromatography was used to separate seminal proteins on the basis of their charge. Positively charged seminal proteins were eluted, lyophilized, and involved in this study. After incubation of this eluted group with the DNA, band shift assay was applied on this group. The results were compared. According to the results of this study, we demonstrated the necessity of utilizing a double staining technique for the same band shift gel in order to ensure weather real or false band substitutions were obtained.

Purpose: this prospective study presents the technique and results of transanal one-stage endorectal pull-through procedure in children with rectosigmoid lesions from Hhirschsprung's disease at Pediatric Central Teaching Hospital – Baghdad – Iraq from ( jan.2007-may.2009).
Methods: twenty children aged one month to 6 years with section biopsy-proven Hhirschsprung's disease underwent transanal one-stage endorectal pull-through procedures during a 12-month period. A rectosigmoid transitional zone was suggested by contrast enema in 16 patients. Preoperative colonic irrigation to evacuate feces out of the dilated colon was done in the hospital. Bowel preparation was the same as conventional colorectal surgery. Full – thickness rectal biopsy at 1 to 2 cm above the dentate line was submitted for pathologic diagnosis. A rectal mucosectomy dissection was started 0.5 cm proximal to the dentate lines and was extended into the intraperitoneal rectum. The muscular sleeve was divided circumferentialy at 3 to 4 cm proximal to the dentate line,exposing the Intraperitoneal rectum and allowing full-thickness mobilization of the rectosigmoid colon was pull down to anastomose with the distal end of anorectal mucosa.
Results: operating time, ranged from 110 to 180 minutes. The length of bowel resections ranged from 9 to 25 cm . the length of hospital stay depended on the amount of fecal impaction in the colon. Older children with substantial fecal impaction required 2 weeks of preoperative saline enema. One infant needed 3 days for bowel preparation, the same as for conventional colorectal surgery. The hospital stay ranged from 6 to 7 days in children younger than 2 years and 10 to 28 days in older children. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complication related to the pull-through procedure. One case of colitis occurred in the 6 years old child, which required rectal tube decompression one week after the operation. Seven patients passed stool within 24 hours after surgery. All patients had normal bowel movements within 3 weeks. There was no rectal cuff stricture or enterocolitis during one year of follow-up.
Conclusion: transanal one-stage endorectal pull-through operations for rectosigmoid lesions from Hhirschsprung's disease can be performed successfully in all ages of children with good results, avoiding transabdominal exploration. The early postoperative enterocolitis in the older children might occur and should be treated urgently. The partial coloanal anastomosis obstruction found in older children coild be treated by placing a rectal tube into the anus to decompress the dilated pull-through colon. The limitation of this approach is that retroperitoneal fixation of the descending colon could not be dissected by transanal route.

Background:-Hemodialysis is the most common method of dialysis. Hemodialysis is used for patients who are acute ill and require short-term dialysis (days to weeks) and for patients with End stage renal disease (ESRD) who require long-term or permanent therapy. A dialyzer (also referred to as an artificial kidney serves as a synthetic semi permeable membrane, replacing the renal glomeruli and tubules as the filter for the impaired kidneys. For patients with chronic renal failure, hemodialysis prevents death, although it does not cure renal disease and does not compensate for the loss of endocrine or metabolic activities of the kidneys. Treatment usually occurs three times a week for 3 to 4 hours per treatment. Patients receive chronic or maintenance dialysis when they require dialysis therapy for survival and control of uremic symptoms. The trend in managing End stage renal disease (ESRD) is to initiate treatment before the signs and symptom associated with uremia become severe.
Methods:-A descriptive study was carried out of Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Surgical Specialties Teaching Hospital from 6\4\2010 to 1\7\2011. A purposive "non- probability" sample of (50) patient with hemodialysis with criteria of the sample (adult patients and 18 years and above).questionnaire form was constructed for the purpose of the study.
Data were collected through the application of the questionnaire and interview technique. Validity of questionnaire was response through panel of (10) experts. Test- Retest reliability was determined through a computation of Pearson Correlations for the health problems assessment of depression scales (r=0.86).
Data were analyzed through descriptive statistical approach (frequency, percentage and mean of score0 and inferential statistical approach (chi-square, and correlation coefficient).
Results:-The findings of the study had revealed that most of patients with hemodialysis has mean age were (47.2) years and most of them from group (48-58) years (26%) and were males (64%) living in urban residence (94%), and they were married (88%). Most of them no read and write (22%) in the level of education with retired occupation (36%) and then barely sufficient (50%) for monthly income in spite of living in ownership house (78%).
Conclusions:-The study concluded that most of the study sample who suffering from depression were (middle age, males, married, secondary graduate, housewives, urban residence, and live in renter house). Although all the items of depression scale among moderate and high severity. The study concluded that there is a significant association at ( P≤ 0.05) between depression and educational level only.

The main objective of this research is to identify the efficiency of reducing the total cost of the utilizing of the cost-effective liposomes by using non-cost effective substitutes such as DMSO. Direct comparison between two transfectants; the high cost liposome and the low cost DMSO was made on the basis of their direct DNA interaction ability. Direct protective relationship of liposome with DNA and seminal fluid was identified compared with DMSO. Different treatments (linearized DNA, circular DNA, restriction enzyme – liposome – DNA, restriction enzyme – DMSO – DNA, DMSO – DNA and liposome – DNA, and even naked DNA) were all found to be successful to internalize inside the head of the sperm according to PCR results. Despite the clear and significant relationship that were observed between liposome and DNA compared with DMSO, but there was no difference in the efficiency of each of which to escort the exogenous DNA in its way into the head of the sperm.

Background: Recently, increased frequency in cardiovascular events was observed in young population.It has not been clearly determined whether cardiac and ventricular repolarization parameters differ between the young who have normal body mass index (BMI) and the young who are in overweight BMI class.
Subjects and Methods: Forty-Three overweight (BMI-28.6±1.2 kg/m2, mean age- 20.6±1.5 years) and 39 normal weight (BMI - 21.8±2.0 kg/m2, mean age - 20.4±1.4 years) healthy male students from Baghdad University/ Medical College participated voluntarily in this study.All subjects underwent a blood pressure measurement and an electrocardiography recording.
Results:Significant statistical differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Q-T interval duration and corrected Q-T interval duration between subjects with normal weight and those with overweight was found, also a positive linear correlation between BMI and Q-T interval duration and corrected Q-T interval duration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion: Results of this study indicate thatthe problem of overweight in youngmen should not be ignored. In a younger agegroup, weight gain and a higher BMI may affect cardiac and ventricular repolarization parameters, even if there areno obesityrelated disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.

Background: With aging, the ovarian reserve is decreased and that is a major contributor to poor ovarian response to ovulation induction treatment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of Dexamethasone on ovarian response in infertile patients aged over 35 years.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 36 infertile women over age 35, referred to Babylon hospital-infertility clinic from May 2010 to may 2011 were selected. Ovulation induction was initiated for them using HMG (human menopausal gonadotrophin) for 2 consecutive cycles then after excluding 10 women Dexamethasone co-treatment (1mg/d) was started ( in 26 women ) in their next menstrual cycle. It was started on the 21st day of the menstrual cycle and continued until CD12 together with the HMG (from CD 2-12) of the next cycle. The main outcome measures were number of mature follicles detected by U/S, number of used HMG ampoules/cycle , and serum E2 level on HCG injection day.
Results: There was no significant statistical difference in age, duration of infertility, hormonal tests, and number of mature follicles. However, the number of used HMG ampoules was significantly lower in Dexamethasone used cycle compared to non-dexamethasone cycles (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The addition of dexamethasone 1mg/d to ovulation induction treatment decreased the number of HMG used in patients over 35 years who hold known risk of low ovarian response.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral glucosamine treatment that had prescribed to knee OA patients on the serum IFN-γ and IL-4.This study was included 40 patients had knee osteoarthritis on regular oral glucosamine.20 patients had osteoarthritis on acetaminophen only without glucosamine treatment (1stcontrol) and 20 healthy control peoples (2ndcontrol), their age ranged 40-67 and of both sex .Blood samples were taken from all groups and serum values of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELIZA technique.
Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS computing program at (p<0.05) the level of significant. The result showed that the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 in OA patients on glucosamine were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of both OA patients without glucosamine treatment and healthy group. However, it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in OA without glucosamine treatment as compared with healthy group. The conclusion was glucosamine treatment can reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4 level in OA patients even below that of healthy control group.

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation which involves the interplay of different types of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the airway, it is characterized by recurrent cough and wheeze , recent small scale studies have demonstrated that asthma severity may be associated with both airway and systemic inflammation.
Purpose: It is determined that disturbance of oxidant- antioxidant balance in inflammatory disease especially in asthma.
Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde, super oxide dismutase, catalase & glutathione (GSH) were conducted on 25patients( males) aged 28-45 years compared with 20 males sex and age matched as a healthy control .
Results: Serum malondialdehyde level was shown a significantly increased in asthma patients compared with healthy control, but super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) & glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased for asthma patients compared with healthy control.

This study included the investigation of the ability of C. freundii to produce Heat labile enterotoxin by both genotype and phenotype. Only 11 isolates were isolated from 422 clinical sample (282 stool and 140 urine samples), 8 isolates from stool samples and 3 from urine samples. All isolates identified by biochemical tests and confirmed with API 20 E. Molecular detection for gene responsible for heat- labile (lt, ltI-h and ltA) enterotoxin genes was achieved by PCR technique. The result showed that ltA was the heat-labile enterotoxin gene in 5 isolates (45.45%). Rabbit ligated ileal loop assay RIL, was applied to the 11 Isolates, only 4 of the bacterial isolates gave a positive results.

Background (Aims of the study): The risk of excessive bleeding prompts physicians to stop low-dose long-term aspirin regimens before surgery, which puts the patient at risk from adverse thrombotic events. We hypothesize that most minor oral surgical procedures can be carried out safely without stopping low-dose aspirin.
Materials and Methods: The study included 60 patients (35 males, 25 females), ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. All minor oral surgery patients at (Oral& Maxillofacial Surgery Department in College of Dentistry and AL-YARMOUK hospital) from Septemper 2010 to April 2011, who were also on long-term low-dose aspirin therapy regimens (acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg to 100 mg/day), were included. Investigation of bleeding time and platelet count was performed. If within normal limits, aspirin was not stopped before surgery. Patients were operated under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. All wounds were sutured and followed up at 24, 48, and 72 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the procedure.
Results: The study included 60 patients (35 males, 25 females), ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. Preoperative values were within normal limits for all patients. Aspirin was not stopped for a single patient. There was no excessive intraoperative bleeding in all cases except 2 cases; there was no postoperative bleeding in all cases.
Conclusion: We conclude that most minor oral surgery procedures can be carried out safely without stopping long-term low-dose aspirin regimen.

Background:Bacterial keratitis is among the most important external ocular surface diseases because of its associated serious morbidity.Variable bacterial agents are implicated as causative agents and emerging bacterial resistance to the routinely used antibiotics should be always thought of. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of fortified vancomycin drops in managing bacterial microbial keratitis.
Patients and methods: thirty seven patients with bacterial microbial keratitis were included in this study,19 patients(Group A) received the empirical monotherapy; ciprofloxacin eye drops and 18 patients(Group B) received the empirical dual therapy; fortified gentamicin plus cefuroxime eye drops.Response to treatment was monitored and non responding cases in the two groups received additional fortified vancomycin drops(50mg/ml).
Results: In group A, 14 patients (73.3%) showed positive response to the empirical treatment within two days and 5 (26.3%) did not. In group B, 12 patients (66.7%) responded well and 6 (33.3%) did not.The eleven non responding cases in both groups; A and B, were given topical vancomycin drops (50mg/ml) as an additional antibiotic. Eight of them (72.7%) were labeled to be good responders within the first 24 hours. The remaining three patients (27.3%) were not and two of them (18.2%) ended in vascularization and opacification of the cornea while the last one (9.1%) developed corneal perforation.
Discussion and conclusion: topical fortified vancomycin shows positive additive effect when added to the empirical mono or dual therapy regimens we usually use in the treatment of bacterial keratitis .It saved two thirds of the resistant infected eyes with a more potent effect when combined with the dual therapy regimen (P value <0.05) .
Recommendations: In view of the wide spread, often unjustified, use of topical antibiotics in our society and the expected microbial resistance we recommend considering adding this medication to the empirical regimen of the dual therapy (gentamicin and cefuroxime) or monotherapy (fluroquinolone) specialy in cases of chronic ocular surface disease and chronic use of antibiotic drops.

Background: Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hairs that appear in women in a male-like pattern (i.e., sexual hair). It is relatively a common and important medical problem affecting about 5-10% of women in reproductive age. The growth of sexual hair is entirely under the influence of androgens, many hormones have androgenic potential in the human body, but testosterone is the key circulating androgen which is produced by the ovaries and adrenals. Hirsutism can be familial, idiopathic, or caused by excess androgen secretion by the ovary, adrenal glands or exogenous pharmacologic sources of androgen and other miscellaneous endocrine abnormalities.
Aim of the study: To shed alight on hirsutism as a rising problem among women in our society, evaluating those hirsute women both clinically and biochemically.
Results: Fifty women with hirsutism were included in this study, their ages ranged from 14-45 years with a mean of 27.64 + 7.266. Mean duration of disease was 7.52 + 6.217 years; while mean age of onset 20.36 + 4.758 years. All patients had slow progression of hirsutism over years. Positive family history was found in 80% of patients, 38% were married, 6 (12%) are infertile. Irregular menstrual cycles were found in 44%, mostly in a form of oligomenorrhea. The number of hirsute patients who were over weight or obese (BMI ≥25) was 30 patients (60%), [16 patients had android obesity (WHR≥0.85) and 14 patients had overall (non android) obesity], while the number of non obese hirsute patients (BMI<25) was 20 patients (40%). 31 patients (62%) had elevated serum total testosterone, there was highly significant statistical difference regarding serum testosterone when compared with control group (p-value 0.0001). 20% of patients had elevated serum prolactin, while 4 patients (8%) of control group had elevated serum prolactin. There was no significant correlation between serum total testosterone and serum prolactin levels with BMI or WHR (P-value>0.05). 36 patients (72%) had mild hirsutism (score 8-15) and 14 patients (28%) had moderate to severe hirsutism (score >15). Significant correlation was found between the score of the patients with BMI and WHR (P-value <0.05). Also there was highly significant statistical relationship between the score of the patients and serum androgen level; patients with scores>15 had significantly higher levels of serum androgen than those with lower scores. Seborrhea, androgenetic alopecia, acne and acanthosis nigricans were recorded in patients with decreasing frequencies, while hypertrichosis if found in 72% of patients especially in those with high score hirsutism.
Conclusion: Hirsutism is not merely aesthetic problem, it can be linked to several metabolic and endocrine abnormalities especially if a patient presents with moderate-severe hirsutism even when it had a slow progression or family history can be obtained.

The Aims of the study: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in CLL patients and its relation to laboratory and clinical parameters and its prognostic role in those patients. Patients and methods: This study was carried out during a period of 5 months from January 2011 to May 2011 including 40 cases of CLL (27 males and 13 females), randomly collected from the teaching laboratories in Medical City of Baghdad. Clinical information were collected with re-evaluation of complete blood counts, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. BM biopsy paraffin embedded blocks subjected to the immunohistochemical method using the LSAB technique. Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human VEGF was used as primary antibody for the detection of VEGF protein.
Results: The age of the patients ranged between 38-74 years with a mean of 57 years, including 27 males and 13 females of 2.1:1 M: F ratio. The most common clinical presentations of CLL patients were lymphadenopathy as seen in 70% of cases. The mean complete blood counts were PCV 34.5%; platelets count 134 x 109/L and WBC count 105 x 109/L. Bone marrow findings at diagnosis included mean marrow lymphocytes of 86.0 % of all nucleated cells with diffuse pattern 64%, mixed 19%, interstitial 11% and focal 6% of marrow involvement. According to modified Rai staging system; 60% of patients were in high risk group, 27.5% in intermediate group and 12.5% at low risk group.
VEGF was expressed in 45% of patient with CLL showing nuclear and/or cytoplasmic expression. The VEGF expression showed statistically significant correlation with PCV% and platelets counts, while no such correlation found with other complete blood counts and morphology of blood film. Bone marrow involvement pattern showied statistically significant correlation with VEGF expression, but not with other bone marrow findings. The VEGF expression showed no statistically significant correlation with any of clinical presentation of CLL patient, but significant correlation with Modefied Rai staging system.
Conclusions: VEGF was expressed in 45% of CLL patients with statistically significant association with laboratory findings of advance disease while had no association with clinical parameters of patients. VEGF expression might have role in determining advance stage of disease and prognostic significance in CLL patients and can be considered as an informative and useful tool for assessing disease activity.

Hydatidosis is an endemic disease of human and animals which is difficult to treat. Experimental studies indicated that Nigella sativa seeds had an efficiency against various parasitic infections. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo efficiency of Nigella sativa aqueous seeds extract against hydatidosis . A total of 40 white albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups . Each mouse in the first, second, and third groups were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 2000 protoscolices, whereas mice in the fourth group were left as non-infected control. Four months post infection, mice in the second and third group treated with 12 and 25mg of Nigella sativa aqueous seeds extract respectively in every other day for one week. Mice in the first group were untreated and considered as infected control group. Morphological and histopathological changes in cysts and infected organs were studied . Enzyme activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were recorded in each mouse . Mice from treated groups with either concentration had lower number and diameter of cysts and higher cyst reduction percentage than infected control group. Histological sections of the liver from mice treated with either concentration showed degeneration and necrosis of hydatid cysts . An elevation of ADA and dropping in ALP activities was recorded in treated mice especially with 25 mg .

Background: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors in children. Various approaches have been advocated in the management of hemangioma. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone injection in the treatment of hemangioma.
Patients and methods: All patients studied regarding the age, number of lesions, presence of any complications, site and size of lesion and the percentage of regression after treatment with steroid. The patients were treated with local injection of diluted triamcinolone (40 mg) with 5 ml normal saline in a dose of 3 – 5 mg/kg. The injection was given every 4 – 6 weeks. The number of injections varied from two to six.
Results: The response was excellent (more than 75% regression in size) in 10 patients (42%), good (50-75% regression in size) in 6 patients (25%), poor (25-50% regression in size) in 5 patients (21%) and no response (less than 25% regression in size or no response at all) was seen in 3 patients (12%).
Conclusion: Intralesional injection of triamcinolone is a safe and effective treatment of hemangiomas. To get optimum response, it should be used in patients below one year of age.

This study included 90 throat swabs collected from patients suffering from acute pharyngitis who attending to AL-Hilla General Teaching Hospital (ENT unit) during the period from October 2010 to January 2011. The age of the patients ranged from (3 to 63) years.
Only six isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes were obtained. It was observed that only four isolates had the fibrinolytic activity through the production of streptokinase enzyme, while two isolates failed to lyse fibrin, also the present study showed that streptokinase activity became apparent after 3 hours of incubation and clot began to decrease after 10-16 hours and disappeared completely after 24 hours of incubation.
Hyaluronidase activity was investigated, it was found that 50% (3) of GAS isolates give a positive result via the formation of a hallo around the colony and this is an indicator of hyaluronidase activity.
Specific primers for PCR techniques were used for the detection of sortase enzymes (A, B and C). Sortase A was found existed in all GAS strains and this enzyme was designated as housekeeping enzyme. Sortase B and C was also detected ,it was found that only two isolates were positive for both sortase B and C genes. However, only two isolates were found to have all these three enzymes whereas the others contained only the housekeeping one.

The aqueous extract of Punica granatum (AEPF) was investigated for its protective effects on gentamicin-induced renal toxicity in rats. Nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg) for 8 days. The effect of AEPF (100mg/kg) given orally either with gentamicin or after 8 days of gentamicin administration was assessed by biochemical and histopathological changes of kidneys.
AEPF protected the rats from alteration in serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium and chloride better when co-administered with gentamicin than when given after induced gentamicin nephrotoxicity and also through reversing the mild tubular necrosis than severe tubular necrosis.

Objective: To assess the risk of malnutrition among elderly people living in Babylon using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to study the characteristics of the instrument in this patient group.
Design: A cross-sectional study using the MNA score to assess the nutritional status of eligible elderly persons from out patient clinic in Marjan hospital.
Subjects: A total of 155 out of 249 eligible elderly patients agreed to participate, men 76.7% ( n= 119 ) and female 23.3% ( n= 36 ).
Results: 26.5 % and 43.2 % of elderly are malnourished and at risk of malnutrition. The means of the body mass index ( BMI ) , mid arm circumference ( MAC ) and calf circumference (CC ) were about 23.4 kg \m² , 26.2 cm and 29.6 cm, respectively. elderly people , who were classified as malnourished , according to the (MNA) , had the lowest (BMI ), ( MAC ) and (CC ) . When the score of the (MNA) was based on the diagnosis of the elderly, the results show that elderly subjects with more than one main diagnosis had a lowest score. Based on the score of the (MNA) test, more than 1/4 of the subjects were malnourished. Most of the subjects were consuming three meals and more than two serving of fruit and vegetables per day. It seems that food intake was satisfactory, among subjects, despite that the present of malnourished subjects reached 26.5%. The result of the (MNA) test indicates the necessary of performing National nutritional assessment for this vulnerable group of people in Iraq.

The study sample size was 100 patients whom they have been recruited from Diabetes Unit in Marjan Teaching Hospital. We divided the sample into two groups; 88 with normal ECGs (group1) and 12 with abnormal ECG changes the (group2) .The range of their age 17-76 years old. The study includes nine risk factors that causes coronary artery disease (CAD) which are, High density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Body mass index BMI, Age, Glucose, Duration and BP. Laboratory analyses of HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, and glucose reveal, that, LDL-C correlated negatively with TGs and positively with HDL-C in the (group1), and TGs show positive correlation LDL-C size in (group2).The only positive significant correlation coefficient was the glucose in (group1), 394.36±40.82 compared to 244.75±54.4 (group2) with p value < 0.01. While 51%of all patients associated with hypertension. Duration of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) was 10-32 years for all patients.
Factor analyses for both groups variants result in: Variables analyses of component matrix of (group1) represent the risk factors on four categories while (group2) variables descript three risk factor categories, according to their performance percent on Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Factor analysis reveals that; first, the factor of lipid profile had the great percentage of risk factor on CAD in both groups. Second; there was unobserved risk factors, one of these risk factors might be cytomegalovirus (CMV) which can infect pancreatic islet cells result in T2DM the main CAD risk factor. The group1 with abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) changes reveals that 30.787% may be affected with CMV or even other reason rather than the common risk factors. Third; a glance to the percent, 42.16%, of first factor variance of the (group2) with normal ECGs, and 24.822% first factor variance of the (group1) match, tell more positive significant difference. Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrate no significant difference between all variables in both groups except glucose (394.36±40.8) expose an increase difference in group1 compared to (244.75±54.4) group2 with (P<0.01). And 51%of all patients associated with hypertension.

Background: The usefulness of cisplatin, a potent anti-tumor, is limited by its ability to induce nephrotoxicity. The cellular changes leading to this toxicity are suggested to be mediated by increased free radicals generation and lipid peroxidation.
Aim of the study: To investigate the protective properties of simvastatin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical and histopa- thological approaches.
Material and methods: 35 healthy male Swiss albino rats were used. They were divided into 5 groups (7 animals in each group and all animals supplied with standard food during the experiment): control group (1 ml/kg of normal saline i.p. once daily for 14 days), cisplatin treated group (7.5 mg/kg, i.p. single dose), simvastatin treated group (1 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 14 days), simvastatin (1 mg/kg) plus cisplatin treated group (i.p., once daily for 7 days before and after cisplatin injection), and simvastatin (2 mg/kg) plus cisplatin treated group (i.p., once daily for 7 days before and after cisplatin injection). Blood samples were collected and used to determine the serum urea, creatinine and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. kidneys were removed and prepared for histopathological examinations.
Results: In simvastatin plus cisplatin treated groups serum urea and creatinine were significantly lower than those of cisplatin-treated group, While serum TAS was increase. These changes occurred in a dose-dependant manner (simvastatin). Histopathological examinations showed a massive damage in the proximal tubules in cisplatin-treated group. No damage was observed in simvastatin treated groups.
Conclusion: These data show that simvastatin can provide a protective effect against Acute cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. This protective effect of simvastatin may be related to the antioxidant status on the kidney.

The research was involve preparation two aqueous extracts (hot and cold) and ethanolic extract (70%) from Iraqi Al-ja´ada plant ( Teucrium polium) which cultivated in Alsodoor/Diayla city, for qualitative and quantitative study of active components. This study provided that hot extract contained higher amount of active component (such as flavonoids) than another extracts. This is may be due to the role of heat in extraction some of active components which cannot extracted by cold water nor by alcohol. The biological activity (antimicrobial) of these extracts was studied with E.coli, staphylococcus and streptococcus, in comparison with some antibiotics such as Gentimycine, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. This study proved that biological effect of these extracts on the bacteria used, may be due to present the active compounds.

Background: Diastolic dysfunction is an echocardiographic pattern identified via transthoracic echocardiography. It is classified as primary or isolated when the systolic function is normal and secondary when there is systolic dysfunction.
Aim of the study: This study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between anemia and diastolic dysfunction of the heart.
Patients and methods: 200 participants were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups; anemic and non-anemic (n=100 for each) according to the definition of WHO.
Measurements were taken for blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI. Standard biochemical indices, ECG and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography examination were also performed.
Results: Of the anemic group, 8 participants had diastolic dysfunction and 92 patients did not. None of the control group had diastolic dysfunction. The difference was statistically significant. Among the anemic group, 12 participants had left ventricular hypertrophy while no subject from the control group had left ventricular hypertrophy. The correlation was statistically highly significant. Among these participants who had diastolic dysfunction, 6 participants had left ventricular hypertrophy and 2 participants had not. The correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy due to anemia and diastolic dysfunction was statistically highly significant. The severity of anemia was not correlating with the development and severity of diastolic dysfunction. Sex had no significant influence on the development of diastolic dysfunction in anemic participants.
Conclusion: Anemia was identified to correlate well with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and with the resultant diastolic dysfunction. The severity of diastolic dysfunction was unrelated to the severity of anemia and sex of the patients.

Background : Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and represent the major hazard for mortality in this population , anomalies of left ventricular structure and function are very frequent and shows negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis.
Objective : To study left ventricular disorders in patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis program including left ventricular dysfunction , hypertrophy and dilatation and their relation with risk factors .
Methods : 62 patients with end stage renal failure on dialysis were studied by echocardiography, patients were divided into 4 groups G1 with normal echo , G2 left ventricular dysfunction , G3 left ventricular hypertrophy , G4 left ventricular dilatation, risk factors including age , sex , duration of dialysis , hypertension, S. calcium S. albumin and hemoglobin were compared between G1 and G2 , G3 , G4 .
Results :Left Ventricular disorders occurred in 67.7% (17% left ventricular dysfunction , 63% left ventricular hypertrophy and 27% left ventricular dilatation) , older age group, longer duration of dialysis , hypertension ,hypocalcaemia , hypoalbuminemia and anemia were found to be significantly associated with left ventricular disorders .
Conclusion : Left ventricular disorders are common in patients with end stage renal failure on haemodialysis and it is important to correct risk factors like hypertension , anemia and hypocalcaemia.

Abstract
This is a study on the extent of benefit from the sounds emitted by the movement of the stomach and intestines in diagnosing cases of acute abdomen. The study included 111 patients of both sexes and of different ages. The conclusion of the study was not to rely solely on the movement of the intestines and the sounds emitted by that movement in diagnosing cases of acute abdomen, but rather to consider them as supporting signs for the diagnosis with other signs.

Stool specimens were collected from (136) patients with watery diarrhea aged (from 5 months to 80
years) prior administration to antimicrobial agents who were referred to Hilla teaching hospital
(Emergency department) during a period from (September to December 2008).
This study found that 44 (32.35%) suspected isolates of Vibrio cholerae 23(52.3%) male and 21
(47.7%) female. All isolates were proven to be Vibrio cholerae in central public health laboratory in
Baghdad. Regarding to the serotyping of Vibrio cholerae this study found that all isolates have only
Inaba serotype. The virulence factors were detected in all isolates was produce siderophores and
colonization factor antigens.

In this study(224 )nasal swabs were collected from Asthma and Allergy Center,AL-Hilla teaching Hospital and Private clinic in Hilla city and included three groups: Persistent Allergic Rhinitis Group,Atopic Dermititis Group and healthy subjects as Control Group to study the correlation between nasal carriage rate of staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and these two diseases and the development of symptoms of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis Patients .It was found that the rate of isolated S. aureus was higher in Persistent Allergic Rhinitis Group(86)% in comparison with Atopic Dermititis Group (63.7)% and the incidence of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis in (10-20) year age group was higher than other age groups (29.5)%. Isolated S. aureus was higher in male(92.9)% than female(78.7)%,as well as symptoms of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis and the rate of incedince of S. aureus were decreased with proceeding in age and symptoms showed high rate in (10-20) year age group..
Antibiotics sensitivity test studied of the isolated S. aureus showed that all isolates were highly sensitive to Vancomycin, and moderately sensitive to Oxacillin (84.1)% and Ciprofloxacin(61.4)%.

Background: In a number of studies, lead is playing a role in damaging process of liver cells. The objective of this study is to gain more understanding about the correlation between certain doses of lead and the changes that may occur in the liver cells.
Material and methods: The study was conducted on mice, which were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group I received tap water during the entire period of experimentation (30 days), group II, group III and group IV were received 10mg, 20mg and 30mg/kg body weight lead as PbO2 Consecutively (orally and daily). Sections of livers were made and examined by light microscope.
Results: Lead affected liver cells (hepatocytes) in mice under certain doses. Group III and group IV animals which received 20mg and 30mg/kg body weight lead as PbO2 Consecutively showed various degrees of degenerative changes in the hepatocytes, such as increased size and dark appearance of the cytoplasm , increased size of the sinusoids. The degree of these changes was more abundant in liver cells of high dose group in comparison with the changes in liver cells of moderate dose group, whereas none of these changes were present in both group I (controls) and group II (low dose group) which received tap water and 10mg /kg body weight lead consecutively.
Conclusion: Certain doses of lead could cause damages to the liver cells.

100 male patient complain from primary or secondary male infertility with asthenospermia and teratospermia submitted to this prospective study attained to the privet clinic from June /2010-june/2011 with normal or mild subnormal sperm count, received antioxidant selenium and vitamin E for 90 days, and result show good percentage improvement in shape and motility, also these drugs are safe if given in the recommended does. It is difficult to asses the rate of pregnancy exactly because difficult to follow the patient when his wife become pregnant.

The diagnosis of appendicitis is still based primarily on the patients history and the physical examination, accurate diagnosis reduce the risk of perforation and prevent complication.
Ileus is a sign which can be diagnosed by inspection as distention in the right iliac fossa and by palpation as a gurgle (functional obstruction) and confirmed by radiological examination.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ileus in patients presented with acute appendicitis and its correlation with the pathology of acute appendicitis.
This is a prospective study done on (100) patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Fifty patients with ileus (Group A) and Fifty patients without ileus (Group B ) were interviewed , examined , investigated and operated on .
In group (A) perforated appendix was found in 10 % , while in group (B)it was 16% with a range of 13% in our study .
four patients 8% had normal appendix while in group (B) severe inflammation found in 50% ,mild inflammation found in 40% and five patients 10% had normal appendix .
Thirty patients 60% of those with ileus in the right iliac fossa presented late afte24 hrs and sixteen patients 32% presented within 24 hrs from beginning of pain in the right iliac fossa.
The sensitivity and specificity of ileus is 50.05% , 55.5% respectively, in comparison with other symptoms and signs which help in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis .
From this study we conclude that ileus is a helpful sign in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, especially in cases presented late after (24) hours with mild inflammation of the appendix, but this finding need to be studied more thoroughly and on a larger number of cases in the future.

Background And Purpose Concha Bullosa is an air pocket (pneumatization in the middle turbinate. Turbinate's are the part of your nose that warms and humidifies the air you breathe. Concha bullosa is a very common anatomical deviation. While it does not necessarily predispose you to sinus problems, persons with enlarged turbinates and concha bullosa may have a blockage which prevents their sinuses from draining properly resulting in frequent sinus infections. This condition may require surgical intervention. This surgery is generally done in a same day setting using an nasal endoscope .
The incidence of middle turbinate pneumatization, or concha bullosa, has been well described in the literature. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated concha bullosa in relation to sinonasal disease in our Babylon province/Hilla General Teaching Hospital/Otorhinolaryngology Depts. sought to analyze the incidence of concha bullosa and any correlation with Para nasal sinus disease.
Methods: A prospective study of 52 consecutive paranasal sinus CT studies conducted between February-July 2011 at Hilla general teaching hospital/Otolaryngology dept. All examinations were performed for evaluation of a symptom referable to the sinonasal region By endoscopic examination of the nasal cavities ,lateral wall structures, with coronal CT Scan of the sinuses in 3 mm slices antroposteriorly. Paranasal sinus inflammatory disease including polyposis was identified and graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary, and frontal sinuses were each graded separately on both sides. If a concha bullosa was present, it was graded in size as small, moderate, or large. If bilateral concha were present, sizes were compared and when one was larger, it was identified as dominant. When nasal septal deviation was present, it was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. The direction of nasal septal deviation was identified as the face of the convex surface.
Results: There was a clear association between the presence of a unilateral concha, or a dominant concha (in the case of bilateral concha), and the presence of sinonasal disease(P < .0001). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the presence of concha bullosa and deviation of the nasal septal to the contralateral side (P < .0001). From 52 CT Scan of sinuses,there is 24 patient have variant types of concha Bullosa, 14 of patients with concha bullosa had paranasal sinus inflammatory disease.14 cases are of Bullous type & 10 cases lamellar type.18 cases are bilateral, 4cases on the Rt. & 2 cases on the LT.(Fig.1,2,3)
There is male predominance 16 male, 8 female. Age range from 18-60y. mosly between 30-40y

The study was conducted on seventy patients with renal stones and fifty apparently healthy
were taken as control group. Blood collected from clinic of urology in AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital
.The sera obtained from the blood were used to measure intact PTH and electrolytes (calcium,
phosphorus) and its relation with renal stones.
The results of the present study showed a significant increase in intact PTH and calcium
concentration and a significant decrease in phosphorus concentration in sera of the renal stones group
compared to the control group, significant increase in intact PTH concentration in the sera of male
with renal stones than their counterparts females.

The study included (20) adult male Swiss albino mice Balb/ C, they were randomly divided into four groups:The first was injected intra peritoneal with 300 mg / kg body weight (B.W.) of paracetamol which considered as low toxic dose, followed by 0.3 ml of normal saline(0.9 % w/v) was administrated orally . Second, mice administrated orally with 0.3 ml of crude traditional oil of Nigella sativa, then injected intra peritoneal with 0.3 ml of normal saline(0.9 % w/v).Third , mice injected intra peritoneal with 300 mg / kg (B.W.) of paracetamol , then administrated orally with 0.3 ml of crude traditional oil of Nigella sativa . Fourth the control group, mice injected intra peritoneal with with 0.3 ml of normal saline (0.9 % w/v), then administrated orally again with 0.3 ml of normal saline.
The experimental time of treatment were 24 hours for all groups , then all animals were sacrificed, the reproductive organs were dissected out for weighing then preserved in Bouins fixative for histopathy.
Statistical analysis showed a significant increase ( P< 0.05) in the value of GPT ( 0.043 ± 0.017) /IU , in the mice treated with 300 mg /kg (B.W) of low toxic dose of paracetamol in compare with control and other treated groups . Also, there is a significant increase ( P< 0.05) in the weight of seminal vesicle ( 0.213 ± 0.058 )/gm in mice administrated with 0.3 ml of crude oil of Nigella sativa as compare with control and other treated groups .
Mice group administered with 0.3 ml of crude oil Negilla sativa revealed highly significant increase in sperm count (336 ± 100.17 * 104 ) sperm /mm3 at (P <0.01 ) as compared with control and other treated groups
Histometry of reproductive organs, revealed a significant increase ( P<0.05) in the wall thickness of testicular seminiferous tubules (66 ± 26.8)/ μ in mice administrated with 0.3 ml of crude oil Negilla sativa , in contrast to control group and other treatments .
Whereas ,the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the height of glandular epithelia of seminal vesicle never be affected either by the administration of crude oil of Negilla sativa nor with the injection of 300 mg /kg (B.W) of low toxic dose of paracetamol .
The weights of right and left testis and prostate gland never be affected with all treatments that included in the current study.

A study of 131 women with lumps in their breasts showed that the period between feeling the lump and visiting the health authorities for investigation and treatment was delayed due to their fear that the lump was a cancerous tumor and their fear that life and spirit exist in the breast and that by removing it, life would stop. Ignorance and poverty also play a role in delaying receiving treatment.