Journal Dawat

The expressions that take precedence in sentences have taken a wider place in the grammarians’ works. Grammarians described these expressions , their rules , the reasons that stand behind their fronting position and their effect on the structure of the sentence. When we have come through some of interpreters’ books, we come to realize that this phenomenon takes an important place that should be given a considerable attention . I tried in this research to explore the verses in which words that take the front position occur and trace the effect of such fronting on the grammar of the Quranic text.It is concluded that the rules of fronting has an impact on commentators’ grammatical constructions. These elements which take a fronting position affect the meaning relations in the text, then they reconstruct these relations in line with the fronting of these elements..

This research demonstrates that poetry makes an important resource of knowledge and culture. Through poetry, Human beings can acquire language skills, faculties and expressive styles, and also derive science , knowledge and wisdom. In addition , they can be enlightened with previous generations with their experiences and clever sayings , and learn about their repartee and the art of dialogue. Human soul may dive through poetry, float in a sea of transparency , delicacy and sensitivity, and travel the paths of serenity and purity, wearing the dress of virtue and beauty.
Additionally, reading poetry and pondering over its meanings and expressions will contribute to strengthening the use of Arabic language, and can reinforce it in the hearts and minds.When human beings learn Arabic through poetry , their hearts will be filled with feelings and sensations, therefore the meanings will be settled in the minds, and love for it will remain in the heart.

The Quran has been the central interest of scholars, and researchers. Everyone has tried to reveal part of its miraculous nature by pondering over its meanings and language. One of the issues is the topic of pronoun that has occupied the minds of researchers. The present study attempts to look for the secrets of the types of pronouns , in particular the first person plural pronoun - a more arguable pronoun . For example , we find that Allah (SWT) refers to Himself in certain occasions with the implied or explicit singular pronoun while in other occasions , He uses the plural without the dual .We can say that the use of pronouns has a lot of unknown secrets.In addition, the use of the plural pronoun is not based on what His greatness deserves not only because He has many names, attributes , soldiers and angels, but also there are , of course, hidden purposes and symbols that stand behind His use. The implied or explicit pronoun suggests greatness and create fear and reverence , besides closeness ,cordiality and mercy . These meanings are achieved through the context of the verses because the context of some verses requires the use of plural pronoun while other contexts require the use of others.

This research deals with Rhetorical Imagery in Imam Ali bin Abi Taleb’s (A.S) short wisdoms .It focuses on the most important rhetorical images that contribute to structure of the wisdom. Imagery is one of the means that shapes all language versions of text. Rhetorical Imagery is defined as a group of linguistic , rhetorical and connotative relations between word and meaning or form and content . One of these images is simile which has a distinct ability to combine different parts and unrelated matters .Research studies have proved that simile is one of the useful means of expressing the contents of wisdoms and its various reform purposes.Therefore,it is much used in awaking the desire of good deeds, and deterring the desire of doing the opposite. Besides, metaphor is another means of imagery used in clarify the goal that may not be obvious to the recipient. It is noticed that metaphor is used to a great degree in the formation of the artistic picture in Imam Ali bin Abi Taleb’s wisdoms due to its ability to describe reality with the imagination that can embody the things and identify them. Metonymy is also used for religious and worldly guidance and advice.

Linguistics is interrelated with other fields of knowledge more than any other science and this confirms its place in relation to many sciences . What is most relevant to linguistics among other sciences is philosophy .Linguistics , according to one of the philosophers , is a common concern to more philosophical ideas and different schools. Hence , the goal of this research is to bridge the gap among the different sciences that deal with the study of language from different aspects. Intellectual and philosophical research of the current time has witnessed a growing interest in linguistic analysis and its elements from a philosophical linguistics side. The principle of this analysis is to reveal the duality between word and meaning ,their role in language communication and their importance in revealing the purpose of language function .By this analysis , the importance of each element of this duality is revealed , besides its role in performance , understanding and clarifying the intention of the speaker. In order to bring these ideas together , the present study gives a brief idea about the relationship between language and philosophy , then comes the classification of modern philosophical thought into schools and independent ideas and finally comes the choice of a philosophical character who has done works in linguistics.

Lyric overlaps with narrative art. This overlap may lead to the exclusion of some narrative elements and inclusion of some elements in the poem. In addition , to employ narrative in the lyrics , the latter will have much of the story which tries to tell about the poem.This means that we cannot find a complete shift from the Lyric to the narrative poem.In addition , this is reflected on the poems-oriented narrative of mono sound .This is a lyrical trait which results in a dialogue which has with little drama while the narrator is dominant. This dominance enables the narrator to adapt other characters according to his will .He knows their inside by so-called vision, and that makes the proximity to lyric.
Description in the modern lyric that employs narrative is biased in most cases to poetic coding than for embellishment redecorating. The description was not limited to the biased description of modern lyric techniques , but also the levels of language are also biased to the function of poetry.

The research deals with the arrangement in the Quran .It focuses on the arrangement on the level of semantics and may lead to high aesthetic realities. This arrangement does not mean forwarding or delaying a certain linguistic element since the latter requires some principles and branches which the arrangement does not have. Therefore, this research separates the two areas: arrangement from one side and forwarding or delaying from the other, which is considered as systematic and procedural. The phenomenon of arrangement has not been given enough and obvious attention by researchers in the past and the present. We have ,therefore, lost much work that could have solved a lot of linguistic phenomena, and confusion that exists between arrangement and other terms , such as writing , composing and forwarding or delaying. The relation between the terms writing and arrangement is part- whole relationship. Arrangement is more specific than writing. Arrangement requires to determine the proportion of some parts to the others when they preced or follow each other , a feature which is not required by writing . Writing is defined as combining different things into one whole whether the parts have a proportion to some other parts that precede or follow them or not.By this , writing is more important than arrangement. The phenomenon of arrangement in the Quran has a special pattern in terms of its simulation to reality, but it does not depart greatly from it ,a depart that makes the difference between text and reality vast and wide .This research deals with arrangement not on the level of sentence, but extends to the entire text.=..

Humor received a great attention by the Abbasid poets, particularly for satire because it is the most prominent purpose among other purposes of Arabic poetry which contains humor, with the aim of ridiculing or rebuking someone .Humor was given plenty of room in the Abbasid community, much requested in assemblies and parties , especially by caliphs, ministers and others. So this search came to address the contents of the humorous satire in the Abbasid’s poetry
Keywords: satire, humor, laughter, pain, Abbasid’s poetry

The research aims at the following:
1-Identifying the strategies used by the teaching staff in promoting the values of citizenship in the students who attend the Department of Arabic and the Department of History.
2. Identifying the proportion of teaching staff ‘s employment of such strategies by relaying on the students’ opinions.
3. Determining the aspects that represent these strategies according to the proportion of their use.
4. Pinpointing the differences of the responses of the sample according to the factors of gender and specialization.
The society of the study consists of all the students who attend the two departments: Arabic and History at the College of Education for Humanities , University of Kerbala.Their number is 863 male and female students. The sample of the study consists of the fourth stage which amounts for 132 male and female students. The study tool is the questionnaire which involves 30 items distributed on three areas . Reliability and validly of the results are achieved . The statistical tool SPSS is used in the tabulation of the results. The research concludes that the teaching staff of both departments employ the strategies that promote the values of citizenship.A significant difference is noticed in the factor of specialization , while there is no significant difference attributed to the factor of gender in the responses of the study sample towards the females of the Arabic Department.It is recommended that a general review should be done to the curriculum followed by the two departments in order to promote the values of citizenship in the students.The university should encourage seminars , workshops and sessions that enhance these values.