Journal Dawat

Key words : Parsing/ Al- Basra school / Al-kufa school / Solecism
This paper is shedding light on the necessity of popularizing the awareness and concern in the Arabic language and it’s soundness . For it is the only way to keep the holy Qur’an language : For the big connection between Qur’an and Arabic language .If it is not for the holy Qur’an ,Arabic language would not be still alive; if it is not for the Arabic language, the holy Qur’an would be obscure even to Arab people.
The paper concluded that the Islamic states ,seeking for unity ,should give priority to the standard Arabic language over the local dialects .The paper also draws attention to the fact “ oriental studies claims that Qur’an text is human” , depending only on the methodology that are used in the European languages ; neglecting the standard Arabic language methodology . and focusing on the local languages in each country.
While the stylistic methodology, that studies all four levels of language, is the only useful way . These levels are : phonological, morphological ,syntax and semantic.
The Islamic scholars were the first to use the stylistic methodology in interpreting poetic works and in composing their publications; They did that many centuries before the European scholars.

Keywords: poetry, grief, lamentation, Islam
Grief as a component (image) of the main elements of elegiac poetry had played an active role in the literature of the pre-Islamic age, but diminished in the Islamic elegiac poetry, because of its negative effects in doubling sorrows . This kind of poetry was a source of proud to some of the poets while rejected by others under the impact of rationalism rising from the Divine Inspiration and Sunnah of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH). There were researches of Islamic jurisprudence from among there was rejection and acceptance. This objective development has a broad literary echo in the elegiac poetry on top of which is the veteran poetry which was referred to briefly.

This research shed lights on two important Arabic grammar books which considered as an indispensable sources in the grammatical studies and researchers, these are: Al-Khafee In Grammar by: Ibn Al- Hajeb (646 a.h) and Magnee Al-Labieb about the books of Al-Aareeb by: Ibn Hesham Al- Ansari (761 a.h).
The two books forms a complete encyclopedia which considered one of the biggest Arabic language encyclopedias with its arts and biography of its well known scientists.
The research deals with the poetic intention issues that appeared on these two books and that seems the authors wasn’t able to show some of them because of the literal transfer and the system of save. So the research deals with this issues.

Key words: Holly Qura’an/Quotations/phonetic optimizers

Synopsis:
Quotation is one of Budaiya arts that Arabic rhetoric has known since early era. It was known with decorum and innateness, away from preciosity and affectation then, as soon as it has spread in last decades and becomes as the phonetic optimizers like: paronomasia, antonmasia, if the quotation resembled by including implicating the speaker’s speech some of Holly Qura’an and prophetic tradition, so that will enrich the text with clarity and effectiveness, meanwhile, the text will gain prettiness and power, it will filled with brightness and magnificence which is the most effective, attractive and effectuation part of Arts of Budayia, as to what Holly Qura’an has an advisable touch in souls.
Quotation is still an aspect of article expression in which the artist used in expressing his feelings and senses, that leads to an expressive guide participating in designing the meaning in the reader’s mind and making it acceptable, moreover, it gives an impression that the artist had a well knowledge of holly Qura’an and it’s smallest secrets, with the ability of making use of it. Quotation has creative characteristics, far reaching, as it brings together between two different meanings, one of them is the meaning that holly Qura’an indicates, and the other is the meaning of what the poet is trying to give accompanied with its effects on the listener or reader such as contemplations and comparisons through exploitation of the super quotation ability in coloring the content with a creative shadows , variant colors, which gives beauty to the meaning, and enriches it with power , moreover, the depth of the effect, the beauty of influence, charming of performance. This study is a serious attempt to see the rhetorical and beautiful value of this art through studying its construction analytically. Abi- Al-Fadhil Al-Tahrani poetry was an implied subject of this Art in which quotation composed a strong rhythmical phenomena no less than other arts that are found in his poetry beyond the image and rich scenes that are borrowed from holly Qura’an, he meant to borrow in order to support and strengthening the intended meaning and adding holiness and reverence to the subject he is talking about.

Synopsis:
This research deals with important subject in the construction of the Arabic grammar which is synchronic in grammatical rules through following this impact in Arabic grammar. We have depend on the sayings of the prominent figures in Arabic grammar as a proof of precise the relation between the lingual time and the grammatical rules in order to give a complete work with evidence, thus, this research depends on the most important old Arabic grammar and some modern linguistic studies: seeking for preciseness and containment.

Key words: Imam Musa Ibn Jaffer/ linguistic analysis/ the textual coherence/ the referral
The search Abstract:
The modern linguistic studies has become incline in the depth of the text and its surroundings, it takes a wide approach with a wide atmosphere for the text formatting. It also to meet the urgent need to cross partial sight to analysis the speech without the linguistic compound to other sciences that activated with through the understanding of the interdisciplinary sciences and through different cognitive systems, such as the psychological, social and philosophical linguistics. It is attempt to reach a complete method. The linguistic studies take the text to a high level and made it the biggest linguistic unit in the linguistic analysis, that’s we have six linguistic levels (phonetic, morphological , grammatical, lexical, semantic, textual) in addition, we have no complete Arabian library that content such study that gathered between the endoscopy and application in a greatest text after word of Allah that is the (text of the commandment of Imam Musa Ibn Jaffer, peace upon him).
This modest study focused on the means that achieve the textual coherence represented by the verbal links such as the refer by pronoun, demonstrative, subordinator, repetition and deletion- but. As for the phonetic phenomena it represented by the assonance and the Anaphylaxis and the parallel structure.
The semantic relations and its effect to found the coherence between the horizontal and vertical formatting of the text represented by the relationship of summary and detail, the relationship of cause and effect, and the relationship of investigation.
This study also explored the guides of the text structure, as the intentional, the acceptability, and the harmony. And it is not omitted the searchers efforts those who have the precedence in this field.

Keywords: linguistic Studies / Historical Approach / Comparative Methodology
This paper deals with the terms of (historical approach and comparative approach )which are subjected to study and research .
It was necessary to deal with these terms in a scientific way. After reviewing the concept of the historical approach and the comparative approach according to modern linguistic studies, The research concluded that the comparative approach is still below expectations and does not meet ambition, because researchers focus on certain aspects and neglect other important ones, such as historical, ethnic and racial relations that directly affect the comparative approach and its characteristics and elements, starting with its concepts and ending with everything related
to it.

Research Summary:
The research aims at identifying the effect of using the Karen model in the achievements of the second stage students in the Arabic language section of the prosody. In light of this objective, the researcher put the following zero hypotheses to be tested through the research procedures:
1-. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) in the average grade of second grade students in the subject of in prosody in achievements between the experimental group to be studied using the Karen model and the control group studied according to the traditional way.
2- . There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) in the average grade of students in the second grade in the subjects of prosody in the experimental and control groups, and the average score of students.
To achieve this, the researcher chose an experimental design with two groups experimental and control ones . The sample of the research was selected from the students of the second stage in the Department of Arabic Language at the Faculty of Education at Mustansiriya University. The sample was 62 students, 25 male students, 37 female students, Were randomized between the two groups, 32 students in the experimental group which introduced to Karen model, and 30 students in the control group, which introduced to the traditional method.
The researcher balanced between the two research groups. He identified the scientific material included (6) with poetic metrics and formulated the behavioral objectives of the subjects, and (88) behavioral goals, prepared teaching plans for subjects, and presented these objectives and plans to a group of experts and specialists to ensure their validity.
The researcher adopted a retrospective test (Obeidi 2002) for being a true and consistent test. The researcher used the necessary statistical means.
The researcher himself studied the two groups of research in the experiment, which lasted from Sunday 4/11/2012 to Thursday 27/12/2012 for eight weeks, and after the test was applied on Sunday 30/12/2012, analyzed the results statistically, results were :
1 - There is a difference of statistical significance at (0.05) between the scores of the students of the two groups of research in the prospective test, for the benefit of the students of the experimental group.
2 - There is no significant difference at the level (0.05) between the grades of male students of the two groups of research and the grades of female students in the retrospective test.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended the adoption of the Karen model in teaching of prosody, and including this subject in the curricula of the preparatory school, with the suggestion of subsequent studies in this field, which still needs many studies and subsequent research.