AL-ADAB JOURNAL

This research discusses the resources of innovation uniqueness as some poets ae unique in some personal features which make them as the most active in bring the innovative meaning .Also the motives of the personal attitudes that the poet confront becomes active in emergence of implicit innovation in his inspiration .This research is divided into two axis .The first axes discusses : The personal fascination that is materialized in precise thinking inspiration and deformity .The second ax4es : The motive of personal attitude that the poet thus the emergences of innovative poets is resulted .

Linguistic curricula in general represented a validation of the linguistic development in the areas of semantics, synthesis, and access to deliberation, The functional curriculum, which was based on observing the deliberative dimension of words, was the most prominent of the modern linguistic approaches, Historians of linguistic research distinguished between two main currents: a (sour) trend that stands in its study of natural languages as they are structured and hardly goes beyond them. And a current (functional) attempts to describe the structure of natural languages by linking them with the functions these languages perform within human societies, Formal theories view language as an abstract system or a group of abstract sentences that perform a group of functions, and this research sheds light on functional linguistics in general and action related to it in particular to reflect the effect of this approach on linguistic research.

The study aims to shed light on the character of the hero and to investigate the impact and influence between Arabic literature on the one hand, and the lengthy " Layla and Majnun " by the poet Fuzuli Al-Baghdadi on the other hand. The research dealt with two main characters, Qais bin Al-Mallouh and Layla Al-Amiriya and what they cast their shadows on the epic of the poet Fuzuli Al-Baghdadi, the study traced the personal lives of these two characters and their material and moral life stages.

The deeds and actions of two groups of many buildings came to signify the few rather than the many, and they are the most important and prominent among the buildings of the oligarchs. They represent the basis of the foundations of the collection. They do not differ in importance between them in terms of the abundance of buildings that represent the single material that is gathered on them, and they received the attention of Ibn Jinni in shining And the explanation in their books, which dealt with the book of luminosity, a study and an explanation, and opinions differed in some of the buildings that came to these two groups, so there was no analogy for some of them and they were not analogous to some of the others, and the buildings that were gathered on the building came (do) five buildings (action) verb, verb, verb, and verb) all are auditory except for a verb and other constructs (subject, active, subject and verb) combine its feminine with a verb by analogy, and opinions differed regarding mentioning some of the constructs between the shining and its explanations at times, and the commentaries at times. Abiyas (verb, verb, verb, verb, verb, verb, verb, and verb) are all standard except for (verb), which is a matter of dispute between Ibn Jinni and al-Sharhah. He considered it a few and came as a warning on the original left by the Arabs, the Wasti who considered this plural to be anomalous, and the Kufic, as he went to the action of his analogy, and compiled actions similar to all the movements from the three buildings, and many opinions were shed light on these two structures.

Baths are among the public facilities that the state has guaranteed its construction because it is one of its duties, and they are healthy buildings, and the Ayyubid state in Egypt made sure to establish and maintain them through endowments and imprisonments of the Diwan of Prisoners, so that era was distinguished by the construction of many public baths in Egypt with the aim of serving the community, some of which were dedicated to men and others. For women, and because of the people's need for public baths due to the lack of private bathrooms in their homes, the muhtasib ordered that the baths be opened before magic to purify themselves before prayer time, and sometimes one bath is reserved for men before noon or after, and for women the other half of the day.

There are public bathrooms attached to religious, educational and health institutions because of the need for them, as they provide cleaning means for residents on the one hand, and to ensure a stable income that covers the expenses of these institutions on the other hand, and sometimes in addition to the public baths, there were bathrooms in their simple form used in the Ayyubid era, especially when the military campaigns. They were established by the military for bathing and purification, and the Ayyubids were keen to build baths when constructing new cities.

The baths in the Ayyubid era were distinguished by their perfection of craftsmanship and their inclusion of the rules of health and cleanliness, and the Ayyubids were interested in these baths in terms of mastering the architectural style. The ceilings of the bath were decorated, and among the baths of the Ayyubid era was the Sufi bath and the dome of the Imam al-Shafi’i bath.

Dr. Hussein Amin is a historian, researcher, radio and television personality ... He is the historian who has not emerged from the silo of history for more than 60 years. He was born in the Bab al-Boub neighborhood near the great door in Baghdad in 1923, he studied in the primary safety and in the western middle school, And his colleagues in the formation of a national cultural association known as the Arab Youth after the death of King Ghazi (April 1939) .

He graduated from the Central High School and entered the Teachers' Primary School in 1945, where he was appointed and then traveled to Alexandria, Egypt to complete his studies. He received his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in 1960. He was the first Iraqi to receive a doctorate from Alexandria University in Islamic history.

Jamal Abdul Nasser, Dr. Hussein Amin (the Iraqi Historical Society) founded and became its president since the beginning of the seventies of the last century, and was elected first Secretary General of the Union of Arab Historians. More than 650 radio interviews were presented in heritage and history issues. He also participated in many Iraqi, Arab and foreign historical conferences. He is a member of the Paris-based International Historical Society. It has had close links with many Arab and international cultural institutions.

QOM It is one of the main and famous cities in the mountain region. It lies along with an arid salty desert: From the north, it is bordered by the city of Al-Ray, to the south by Qashan, and from the west by Sawa. It was conquered by force by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari after the battle of Nahawand in the year (23 AH / 644 CE).

The Arabs, including the Ash'arians, contributed to the emergence and development of the city of Qom after their migration to it. It became an Islamic city after its name was associated with the name of the Temple of Fire that was established in one of its villages. This temple represents the most important religious centers of Zoroastrianism.

Qom also had a role in the commercial and economic movement, as its people were interested in agriculture as the main source of their livelihood, so they turned to the establishment of channels and streams for irrigation to benefit from rainwater, as well as groundwater. And they depended on the irrigation of crops on the springs and wells that spread in their villages. When the Ash'ari people lived in this city, they brought with them new crops that were not previously grown there, in addition to their contribution to the industrial movement after the flourishing of industry in it significantly, and its industrial products have become very popular throughout the Islamic State. As for trade, Qom had an important geographical location, so that it has a great role in the trade exchange operations through the existence of a group of internal and external roads that linked it with other cities, in addition to the presence of the hostelries spread on those roads that contributed in the practice of commercial activity in various directions.

The Ismaili da'wa was distinguished by its philosophical and philosophical doctrines, especially in the Islamic Mashreq, where its propagandists propagated the Ismaili doctrine in those lands and distinguished themselves with their great effort to disseminate it in a philosophical and philosophical way. They did not use intimidation, on the contrary.

The Islamic Orient is one of the important regions because of its importance in the location and population, which was reflected on the political, economic and cultural reality of the Islamic world as a whole and throughout the Islamic ages.

The study of one of the figures of Ismaili doctrine in the Islamic Mashreq, then known as its intellectual and propagandistic wealth, is Abu Yaqoub al-Sijistani (d. 361 AH / 971 AD), because this research is important in explaining the impact of Ismaili preachers and thinkers on intellectual life in the Islamic Mashreq.

تعد الخدمات الدينية احدى الخدمات الاساسية في المدن، والتي يتردد اليها الفرد بصفة دورية، والعدالة في توزيعها مكانيا من المتطلبات الرئيسية التي تساعد في تحقيق التوزيع المثالي لمناطق الخدمة المختلفة.

لذلك تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل التوزيع المكاني للخدمات الدينية في مدينة الفلوجة وعلى مستوى احيائها، ومن ثم بيان الكفاءة المكانية والوظيفية لها بالاعتماد على مؤشرات تخطيطية\، وتقديم رؤية مستقبلية عن استعمالات الارض الدينية في مدينة الفلوجة انطلاقا من تقدير الحاجة لهذه الخدمة لغاية 2028 م.

This research deals with the study of Chinese soft power and its effects on one of the most important regions in the world, which is the Middle East region, and the Arab Gulf region was a model for research, and it was found that through soft power, a country can penetrate other countries through a variety of tools without resorting to hard power. . Three components of soft power were found: Culture, political values ​​and foreign policy, as soft power does not mean concern for national interests only and ignoring the interests of others. By getting to know the components of Chinese soft power that have been identified in research and its continuous growth, China has been able to build its soft power in areas that include (components Political, economic, social and technological). It has played the tools of Chinese soft power: Culture, foreign policy and political values ​​have an important role in establishing the principle of peace and international and regional cooperation, and through China's pursuit, in its foreign policy, to create a safe environment for economic growth, avoiding conflicts and disputes, and opening up to the world. The study found that there are effects of Chinese soft power in the Arab Gulf region, especially since the Chinese economic rise has made the Arab Gulf states the first supplier of oil, and that China's investments in the Arab Gulf region in various fields have contributed to the impact of its economic tools in the region, and on the other hand. Chinese exports, including the military industries, increased to the Arab Gulf states, and they occupied advanced ranks in the import table. In addition, China seeks to find an important role for it in the future in protecting international shipping lines in the region to protect its growing economic interests. Politically, it has been shown that China has always emphasized its non-interference in the affairs of the countries of the region and sought to maintain its stability, which had a major role in developing political relations between the Arab Gulf states and China.

The study showed that the volume of terrorist operations in Iraq reached (26165) operations that varied in their geographical distribution among the governorates of Iraq, and it became clear that the concentration of terrorist operations was most intense in the governorate of Baghdad, as the volume of operations in it reached (7854) operations, with relative importance (30%), while The size of its population reached (8,126,755) with a relative importance (21.3%) of the Iraqi population for the year 2018. While the lowest volume of terrorist operations during the study period was recorded in 2003, it reached (102) operations of relative importance (0.04%), while the largest volume was recorded. In 2014, (3931) terrorist attacks were of relative importance (15%).

The study also showed the emergence of a high range of terrorist operations surrounding the capital, Baghdad, in the governorates that are characterized by a diverse population composition in the governorates (Baghdad, Diyala, Salah al-Din, Nineveh, and Kirkuk). And by analyzing the neighborhood relationship to find out the pattern of the distribution of terrorist operations in Iraq, it was found that the value of the nearest neighbor is (0.46) and this means that the distribution is unevenly aggregated and it became clear through the oval that the direction of the geographical distribution of terrorist operations in Iraq extends in a northwest-southeast direction that includes all the area of ​​the governorate. Baghdad, most of Salah al-Din Governorate, Diyala Governorate, areas east of Anbar Governorate, south and southeast Nineveh Governorate, and eastern Kirkuk governorate.

the city represents one of the aspects of life that contributed to its building. Rather , the city is civilization , as both Bodlink and schengler see it , as civilization requires stability in order for a person to be liberated from the factors of volatility dispersion and the motives of anxiety , and all this is only done in the city , according to the Arabic linguistic dictionaries the city is the place in which it is established and which has fixed boundaries , and this meaning is matched by other expressions similar to it , which are maser , the present and the city , albeit to a lesser degree , and because the city has great importance in the Holy Qur'an and the noble hadiths of the prophet , Al-Maqdisi talked about it in detail in terms of meaning , distribution , classification , constituents and functions morphology and types of cities according to the functions they perform , the sizes of the cities , and the ways of differentiating between the village and the city . due to his extensive talk about medina, the Book of Best Taksim fi Knowing the Regions describes it as a study of human geography with distinction. Al-Maqdisi detailed in his discussion of the city several matters related to the position, location, extent, and land uses therein, as well as their size and spatial distribution. with dealing with customs, traditions, holidays and events. he also talked about building styles architecture, materials used in construction, street extension and directions, and areas between the city.

The study dealt with water resources in the Yusufiya sub-district and ways to manage them, which is one of the most important agricultural areas in the Baghdad governorate within the Mahmoudiya district, located astronomically between two latitude circles (00 = 3 - 33 o - 00 = 12 - 33o) in the north, and between longitudes (00 = 0- 44 o- 00 = 18- 44 o) to the east, with an area of ​​425 km2.

The study focused on a very important problem facing the side, namely (mismanagement of water resources) and the associated phenomena of waste and pollution, which are among the most important internal risks that threaten the water security of the citizen, as the study showed ways to manage water at the local level.

The study found that there are human problems that affected the management of water resources in the region, the most important of which were the mismanagement of the water system, the large increase in population numbers, pollution and the excess of 418 fish lakes, with a water area estimated at about (1524.5) dunums, and with an annual water consumption of about (370960). 3) m3 / year, unlicensed water pumps whose annual water consumption reaches (2226500) m3 / year, and the use of the traditional (Sihi) irrigation system, which leads to the loss of 50% of the water, as well as unjustified waste and waste by the population.

The Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) was also introduced into operation, as this system bore fruit in the countries that worked in it, as it was through it that the amount of water needs was estimated with the aim of covering and providing them to ensure sustainable development and water management in the region. The region needs to provide about (242.13) million m3 / year of water in 2020, to increase in the year 2025 to about (348.04) million m3 / year, and then to (454.05) million m3 / year in 2030.

The research aims to reveal spatial variation and temporal change in land use by date palms cultivation in Baghdad governorate for the period between 2001 and 2018, Using satellite images recorded by the ETM sensor carried by the US Landsat-7 satellite and the OLI sensor carried by the Landsat-8 satellite. A series of steps were carried out, starting with the engineering and radiometric corrections, enhancement operations, super and a super classification, based on the classification of Anderson and others (USGS) to classify land use and land cover. Procedure for the change detection in date palms cultivation for the period between 2001 and 2018 using equation of absolute change and relative change. As well as making and distributing a questionnaire form containing 500 questionnaires and field studies to fill the shortage of data and information about the study area.

The study found a set of results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a negative change in the areas of land use by cultivating date palms during the period (2001-2018), at a rate of (-16.8) % in Baghdad governorate, and at different rates in all districts of Baghdad governorate. Al-Sadr district came at the forefront of the districts in terms of the rate of change of the area, which amounted to (-1OO) %, while Al-Mada'in district ranked last with a change rate of (-3) % of the total area of ​​palm trees.

The current study aims to estimate the annual rate of wind erosion using WEQ equation according to climatic data. A model for computing wind erosion was applied on three selected basins extended on 11710 square kilometers in the study area. The results of applied WEQ model identified that, the first basin belong to a severe erosion conditions, whereas, the second basin was under moderate erosion condition, while, the third basin come within a weak erosion condition. The study concluded that, the wind is one of the most important corrosive factors in modification and reforming the landforms and landscapes in the study area as illustrated in forms of wind caves and hills. The wind erosion depends on its ability and activity in ablation and sculpting processes. The wind speed is one of the most important factors affecting the process of erosion in dry areas. The susceptibility of wind to erosion is related directly to the wind speed, as the wind can transport sand particles with diameter not more than 0.2 mm with speed ranges between (4.5 -6.7) m/s.

The degradation of education requires a set seif- imposed moral rules and positive laws that guarantee the educational institution ,and both of them follow one direction and goal , Researchers do not disagree that these moral laws stem from moral rules that are the product of society and that opinions differ about the precedence of morality over the law ,or vice versa ,or whether morals are absolute or limited ,or is it a acquired from the social environment or inherited , or does it have an obligatory characteristic, or does it give an area of freedom to the individual in some of its aspects, and the enactment of the reality of these propositions the answer to these question. The need for mixing between rules, laws and ethical behavior appeared in the evaluation and refinement the teaching profession, and what are the most important results that emerge in the event that these controls and standards are adhered to, and what are most important.

The research dealt with the subject of recidivism to drug abuse, and its impact on Iraqi society, especially youth, in a way that leads to a decrease in their productive capacity and an absence of social stability, and many deviations from society's standards, in addition to the spread of crime, and the reasons for the occurrence of recidivism to abuse differ from one person to another according to the nature of his personality And his social and psychological state, and the first days to stop using drugs are considered one of the most difficult days, and the rate of relapse occurring in them is very high because they are accompanied by painful withdrawal symptoms and the urgent desire to use drugs, and search to explore their mysteries indicating the types of drugs that a person uses, the triggers of recidivism its stages and the most important factors The drive to stick to drug abuse.

It seems that any approach to any new topic, or the attempt to establish a modern scientific discipline that has not been previously addressed, will contain in it some gaps, or theoretical and methodological lapses. Especially if this topic is a somewhat complicated issue, such as the issue of the Islamic religion. Therefore, it is very possible that after a period of time such as such new topics or disciplines will appear after its emergence, some critical voices that try to draw attention and indicate the places and potentials of those gaps or lapses. This matter will apply and correspond with a high degree of clarity with the critical voices that will appear in The field of anthropology of Islam, some of which will have two advantages: The advantage of belonging to the same field of study, anthropology. And the advantage of her belonging to the identity of the subject being studied, which is Islam. That is why the voices of Abdul Hamid Al-Zein, Talal Asad, and Akbar Ahmed were counted. In addition to Laila Abu-Lughod and Saba Mahmoud. It is one of the most important of those critical voices that resolved that, and appeared on the stage of the anthropology of Islam.

The matter of mind was linked to the cognitive approach among the mystics of the AL-Sadaraiyiya School, as one of the approved standers to evaluate the allegations of the mystics according to that approach and whether these allegations are true in a manner that can be relied upon to be a science that identical to the reality. Since the mysticism depends on revelation and heartfelt witnesses to know the facts of existence. Therefore, the research came about the standard adopted in this approach, so, on what basis can the mystic rely on his witnesses? Dose the error have scope in the witnesses, as is the case in all human sources of knowledge? If the answer is in the affirmative, what is the standard by which truthful witnesses can be identified from false witnesses? Hence, the philosophy of Islamic thought was based on the link between the two methods of revelation and the mind, on the basis that there is no difference between the philosophical approach and the mysticism approach. Whereas the mystic in the place of proof also tries to infer mental evidences, the precursors of which are certain.

Therefore, the research came in the form of two chapters, the first one delt with the fundamental standards and scales in mysticism, however, the second one delt with the relationship between the mind and mysticism.

Rosa Luxemburg represented the German left-wing movement, and became one of the most prominent Marxist figures of the revolutionary workers' movement that worked to organize the party and work to confront the problems hindering the revolutionary movement of the proletariat, as well as it was able to make a significant contribution to the formulation and development of the concepts of Marxism in freedom and revolution and social change Freeing humanity from the raging capitalist monster. Rosa Luxemburg's lifetime was not at all similar to any of her contemporary women hard time epoch, she fought for renewing ideas and fought for liberation and shared goals and visions with the world in order to apply justice and establish the supreme principles of society as a whole, by fiercely fighting imperialism and capitalism, as she carried attitudes and ideas that transcend Being a woman who rejects reality in the eyes of some, and a fierce struggle that cannot compromise for the sake of her case in the eyes of others, but rather extracts respect from her opponents in a way that makes her perpetuation an imperative in contemporary political thought in general, and Marxist philosophical thought in particular. And cosmic political thought as a whole.

Emile Cioran, his philosophical criticism came through the events of his life in terms of his use of the style of Nietzschean and pessimistic fragments, as well as his views on controversial issues from Greek philosophy up to him, and some of Cioran's criticisms are his criticism directed at the issue of human freedom and unlimited possibilities, either Cioran, his writings revolve around the issue of slavery and human finitude, as he sees the end of all this, death.

There is a set of ethical standards that, if separated, will result in a sense of self-reprimand, but this can be avoided by freedom from the negative consequences of unacceptable package of social sciences (SPSS) and showed several results; the most important ones are: The sample of the research as a whole of university students by gender (male-female) and according to specialization (scientific-human) have moral liberalism, possess traditional values, and have a tendency towards social media. One of the most important of these results is the contribution of different proportions to independent variables traditional values, trend towards social media, sex and specialization), in explaining the disparity in the moral disengagement of the sample as a whole, and the ratio of the contribution of the negative trend towards social media was the largest among the independent variables, 29.48% of the disparity in moral disengagement was independent of other variables, and the lowest contribution was for the sex variable at 2.43% of the disparity in moral disengagement behavior, and making it morally acceptable by using Bandura's mechanisms of Moral Disengagement, with eight mechanics, through which the individual gets rid of contradictory behavior without feeling reprimanded, and thus the moral disengagement of them. To identify the moral disengagement, among university students, In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted Bandura's moral disengagement measure (1996) after the authenticity of the translation, its adaptation of the Iraqi environment, the researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics from validity and reliability, where the measure of moral disengagement as its final form was presented from (32) items divided over (8) areas, for each field (4) items with a five-point editing, applied the measures to the research sample as final, and analyzed the data statistically using the statistical. Through the researcher's findings, a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions were based on the results of the research.

The research aims to identify the effect of the Posner model on acquiring historical concepts among middle school students, and to achieve the research goal, the researcher set the following: hypothesis

There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of students of the experimental group who studied the history subject in the Posner model and the mean of the scores of the controlling group who studied the same subject according to the usual method, this research is determined by a sample of the average second grade students in middle school day In Baghdad / Al-Rusafa third governorate, and the concepts found in the first three chapters of Arab Islamic history, the researcher followed intentionally (Tunis School for Boys) which includes four people for the second intermediate grade, and randomly chose Division A to represent the experimental group with (33) students while Division (B) represented the control group at (34) students, and the researcher rewarded statistically between the students of the two research groups by using the T-test for two independent samples in the following variables:

(Previous knowledge test, chronological age calculated by months, IQ test scores, and history subject scores for the previous year) After the researcher identified the subjects of the scientific subject to be studied during the experiment represented in the first three chapters of the book on Arab Islamic history, the researcher formulated behavioral goals, promising plans Her teaching, and it was presented to a group of specialized experts to judge its validity, then the necessary adjustments were made and ready to be applied in the light of their opinions. For the purpose of measuring the extent to which students of the two research groups acquired the concepts that he studied, the researcher prepared a test consisting of (51) multiple-choice test items. The researcher confirmed the validity of the test and the calculation of its reliability, and of the discriminatory forces, coefficients of difficulty of the (objective) paragraph and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, and the experiment lasted 9 weeks. T-test for two independent samples (T-test) to find out the significance of the difference at the level (05.05) between the two research groups. It became clear what follows the presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (05.0) between the average scores of students of the experimental group who studied the history subject according to a model Posner and the degrees of the control group who studied the same subject according to the usual method of testing the acquisition of historical concepts and the result was in favor of the experimental group.

The current research targeted a positive aging measurement of older aging is recognized for older age in accordance within the role of the elderly. The current research sample (286) of the elderly in Baghdad province has reached the random way. Search tool: The positive aging scale of Lars (2005) was built. Then the measurement will be extracted. The results of the research showed: The elderly have positive aging and statistically significant, and the presence of significant differences in favor of males outside and inside the Houses.

The current study aims at measuring Psychological Entitlement among employees, and the differences in psychological entitlement among employees are identified according to the gender variable (male - female) and job status (contract - permanent), age (30 or less - more than 30) years. research sample is: 400 employees from the state ministries in Baghdad province following the stratified random method the psychological Entitlement scale is built, then the psychometric properties of the two measures were extracted. The research output: The employees have a low entitlement and statistically significant, and there are statistically significant differences in psychological entitlement accrual according to the variables (gender, job status, age).

The current study aims to identify:

The Working memory capacity in problem solving for the students of the university.
The Differences in Working memory capacity in problem solving the students of the university due to the variables gender (male- female) and specialization (human science)
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a tool for the purpose of measuring the (Working memory capacity in problem solving), depending on the theoretical framework of the theory of(Baddeley,2000) (memory capacity in problem solving), and after we verify the researchers of the properties Alsekoumtria of scale through the extraction of honesty and strength discriminatory and coefficient of correlation between the degree of the paragraph and class College of the scale, with a constant measure of Working memory capacity in problem solving (0,74), in a re-test, and (0.77) in a manner Alpha Cronbach, and the number of paragraphs of the scale, (10) paragraph, the researchers applied the scale on a random sample of university students at (600) students The student, according to the variable type (male, female), specialty (scientific, humanistic), grade (second-fourth), and after data collection and processing statistically using the T. test for one sample, the T. test for two samples independent, Pearson correlation coefficient, reach researchers to the following:

1.Have the current research sample Working memory capacity in problem solving.

2. statistically significant in the Management of Working memory capacity in problem solving the students of the university depending on the type variables (males - females) for males and specialization (scientific - Humanist) for scientific.

The research came out a set of recommendations and proposals.

The present research tackles essential concepts in the individual's character which are perseverance, it is one of the most motivating powers towards achievement; perseverant individuals are those with positive beliefs in their potentials and abilities that make them set their future plans that would lead them to the realization of their aspirations. Perseverance forms an important part in the lives of students that enables them to excel in their educational background and academic achievement in particular.

The research aims at:

Measuring perseverance feature in secondary school students
Identifying the differences in perseverance according to gender and grade variants in secondary school students.
To achieve the aforementioned aims, the researcher has chosen a sample of (400) female secondary school students in the capital Baghdad from the First Rasafa Directorate and Second Karkh Directorate who were randomly chosen according to the variables of gender and grade. The data is processed via the statistical tools.

The present study has found that secondary school students have a statistically significant level of perseverance at the level (0,05), since there are no differences of statistical significance in perseverance according to gender variable and grade. And the findings were interpreted according to theories and models adopted and the research came up with a number of suggestions and recommendations.

The current research deals with the study variable moral awareness (Moral awareness), which means the individual's knowledge of the impact of his potential actions and their limits on the ethical position by building possible perceptions of causes and consequences. In ethics, which is based mainly on understanding the three aspects of morality and unifying them (knowledge, sentiment and behavior) in one framework through which the interaction of the cognitive and emotional sides is clear.

To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher relied on the theory of Rast (1986) and its four dimensions, which are moral sensitivity, moral judgment, ethical motivation, and ethical implementation. The two methods (the two extremes and internal consistency) and the validity of the construct was extracted using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the stability coefficient of moral awareness by the Cronbach Alpha method reached (0,80), and the current research sample consisted of (250) prisoners of the Iraqi Ministry of Justice, and they were all male only, i.e. the Qaem Indeed, they are distributed among eight prisons of the Ministry of Justice, chosen randomly, and the research reached the following results: 1. Prisoners have an ethical awareness of statistical significance 2. There are differences in moral awareness according to the age variable, as for the achievement, the result indicates that there are statistically significant differences for the variable of moral awareness in favor of the university level and there are no statistically significant differences depending on the economic level.

The current research aims to know "the effect of the strategy of meaning of word on reading comprehension of second-grade intermpediate students.

The two researchers have followed experimental method and experimental design of partial control . The two researchers have randomly chosen the sample consisting of 60 , with 30 student for the experimental group and 30 students for the control group.

The two researchers statistically included the students of the two research groups using the t-test and the chi-square in the variables (chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of parents, and the Arabic language scores for the previous academic year (2018- 2019), and (Raven's test of intelligence).

After analyzing the results of the students 'answers and processing them statistically using appropriate statistical means, the following emerged: The experimental group students who studied the reading material according to the meaning of the word strategy outperformed the control group students who studied the same subject in the traditional way.

The essence of our research is to ask the question: How did satellite television channels employ social networks to enhance interactive participation and create an interactive environment with the Iraqi public regarding Iraqi, regional and international political issues? With knowledge about Iraqi political issues, the extent to which interactive tools are available, what satellite channels can enhance participation, the geographical scope of issues, the volume of publications, and interactivity. This research aims to investigate the volume of Interactive "Comments, Views, Likes, Posts" and knowing the number of posts on the "Al Sharqiya" channel on the networks "Facebook, Twitter, YouTube" regarding Iraqi political issues, the formats of the posts, the nature of trends, and the use of the survey method, and the method of content analysis, to examine the content of specific information to depict the actual reality of hiring boundaries.

« Research problem: the lack of accurate scientific perceptions regarding the trends of the Iraqi religious parties' press regarding the principles of democracy. The research is classified within descriptive research, and It adopted the survey method, and used the method of content analysis. its sample was determined by the numbers of the two religious party newspapers (Al-Da`wah and Dar Al-Salaam) within the period from March 1/2003 to July 1, 2018, and the research tool was the content analysis form. The trends of the two newspapers in question (al-Da`wah and Dar Al-Salaam) reflected their deep interest in the principles of democracy with a humanitarian orientation, as it paid attention to a high level to express their attitudes towards the principle of (respect for human rights), that is, it directly began raising its voice against human rights violations and the deprivation of freedoms. The research reached a number of conclusions: The two papers in question did not show clear trends regarding some of the sub-principles of the principle of (respecting human rights), as they were not concerned with culture, creative and scientific activities. The decline in the trends of the two newspapers under discussion, collectively, regarding the principles that support transparency, the plurality of parties, organizations and associations, and the principle of separation of powers. The two newspapers in question deliberately publish articles that express their trends towards the principles of democracy. The two papers in question showed little interest in employing images to highlight their attitudes towards the principles of democracy. The two newspapers in question intended to employ the two elements (ground and frame) in an acceptable manner to highlight the articles that express their attitudes towards the principles of democracy.

The 1990s have been of utmost importance for Ireland and the Irish as this decade is characterised by a great diversity of problems: economic problems, unemployment and migration which came as a result of these problems, racial harassment experienced abroad, psychological problems, the Troubles whose serious impact was felt not only in Northern Ireland but also in the Republic of Ireland, which emerged as a consequence of the conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants because of the political status of Northern Ireland and which began at the end of the 1960s and ended in 1998 with Belfast Agreement; self-centeredness emerging as a repercussion of the Celtic Tiger period which was witnessed between 1995 and 2000 and which means economic development in Ireland, and, lastly, the problem of violence. Martin McDonagh, an

Anglo-Irish playwright represents these problems emphasising the problem of violence encountered in this decade in a satirical but grotesque way particularly in The Pillowman.

A great number of studies have dealt with impoliteness within the area of pragmatics, but it seems the responses to impoliteness as a socio-pragmatic phenomenon have been somehow neglected. Therefore, by employing a model of impoliteness strategies proposed by Culpeper (2005), this paper aims at investigating of the responses to impoliteness from socio-pragmatic view in English and Arabic literary texts to examine the types of responses to impoliteness, and the ways in which the characters make use of their social power to perform impolite behaviors or utterances to respond to others so as to achieve certain social goals. It worth mentioning that this paper has tackled the responses qualitatively and quantitatively because it explains a specific socio-pragmatic phenomenon which is Impoliteness. The results of the study show that the responses to impoliteness are various in English and Arabic plays which hearers make use of context or their social power to respond to attackers.

The father figure has been a dominant theme in the works of the American southern novelist Anne Tyler (1941- ). She explores the psyche of male characters and tries to shed light on the struggles that the postmodern men go through in their daily life. She utilizes the chaos that occurs in their life to highlight their development. Family plays a major role that helps the father to understand the world around him. The Accidental Tourist (1985) tells the story of Macon Leary, a father who loses his only son and falls into grief. He loses his aim in life until he meets a woman called Muriel, who changes many things about him.