AL-SSEBT JOURNAL

The Islamic religion has many manifestations of power and greatness. The Prophet Mohammad bin Abdullah (peace be upon him) emanated as a prophet from a distant cave at the top of Mount Al Noor. The greatest phenomenon that changed all human history was the Holy Quran, with Verses and Suwar (chapters) dedicated to build humans and guide them towards building real humanitarian civilization on this earth.The Holy Quran is a book of texts- as described by the Emir of the faithful, Ali (Peace be upon him) - hence it is a silent text that needs to be read and interpreted and this was the duty of The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) who was living the stage of receiving Quran texts from Almighty God, and then it became the duty of his family (Ahl al-Beit) whom the Prophet (peace be upon them) and God ordered to hold the Prophet’s duty after he passed away. Any novel phenomenon at that time relied in on these two dignified and concomitant sources “the book of God and my family (Ahl al-Beit)” for judgment and evaluation, as the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) famous statement specified the two sources of bless and knowledge that can never be separated and that he will be leaving them as guides for his nation to follow after he passes away: the Book of God (Holy Qura’n) which has always been since then the heavenly text protected by God, and (Ahl al-Beit) to interpret God’s texts (Holy Qura’n just like his prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) did. But after the Prophet (peace be upon him) passed away, some of the nation deserted the twin sources of bless and even tried to split them, and that happened since “the calamity of Thursday” when a man from Quraish raised a heretic Quraish slogan saying “the book of God is our only reference”, and that’s how some people took one of the two blesses and left the other Hence because of people disobeying the Prophet and God, various calamities happened to the second source of bless (Ahl Al- Beit), culminating in the massacre - Epic in Karbalaa’, when best people on Earth, Imam Al-Hussein and his brothers, sons and followers were killed after an Epic battle with the heretics. But his immortal cry calling for support “Any faithful supporter willing to defend Ahl Al-Beit? Any faithful willing to defend the Harem of God’s Messenger (peace be upon him)?” kept echoing from that instant throughout the days until it reached us whilst living in these unjust times, and we got the call of Imam and answer him with our fond hearts “All obedience to you Imam”. Although we see and live the days of Imam Al-Hussein (Peace be upon him) in all parts of the world, the phenomenon of The Fortieth Day Visit has stopped the Islamic nation in astonishment against the unveiling of tyrants extreme criminality and unjust authority, and alerted the world to the holy cause of Imam Al-Hussein and the calamity that the worst tyrants in humanity brought upon Him. Hence this sublime March of The Fortieth Day Visit has become a focal point for loyalty to the Imam attracting the attention and awe of the world with its continuous development, thanks to the Almighty God’s Grace).

The Arbaeen pilgrimage is the forty-day anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein bin Ali (peace be upon him), who sacrificed himself, his family, and his supporters in the cause of religion.
Millions of Shiites, Sunnis and various sects from other Iraqi cities and from outside the country flock to the city of Karbala in Iraq, to commemorate the four days of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), when the infallible imams first visited the grave of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) with great care and special attention and urged their Shiites to Performing this sacred ritual and emphasizing it, and many hadiths and narrations have been mentioned about the virtue of visiting Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), including:
Imam al-Kazim (peace be upon him) said: (Whoever visits al-Husayn knowing his right, God will forgive him for his past and future sins).
And Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: “Order our Shiites to visit the tomb of Al-Hussein, for coming to it is obligatory for a believer who acknowledges Al-Hussain with the imamate from God Almighty.”
Let us take advantage of this exceptional visit, and let each one of us, during the days he spends on this visit, try to take care of reforming himself, and we recommend the visitors of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to have virtuous attributes of faith such as devotion to God Almighty, commitment to good morals, and participation in the accomplishment of good deeds.

The March of the Route of Pain is one of the most prominent rituals in Christianity, it launches in the Old City of Al-Quds simulating the march of “Jesus Christ” from the site of his trial to the site where he was crucified as per the Christian’s beliefs. Christians are keen to revive this ritual by marching along this path to console the Prophet Issa (peace be upon him) and earn God’s bless.
This rite is very similar to Muslims’ march on the Fortieth Day Visit, where in both rites believers march towards the site where their beloved Holy person was unjustly killed, Christians march towards the crucifixion site and Muslims march towards Imam Al-Hussain’s martyrdom site. Both marches are accompanied by social and religious and social activities with carols, anthems and effects to remind the marchers of the calamity with deep sadness overwhelming the crowds. The research will clarify all this in three focuses:
First – Historical Brief on the Route of Pain (Via Dolorosa)
Second- Road stations, Religious and Social Activities
Third- Comparison with the March of the Fortieth Day Visit
Finale and appendices.

The research is an in-depth reading of the origins of Islamic history, and in-depth reflection on them, to reveal the threads of the great conspiracy to destroy Islam from within, carried out by the enemies of Islam, who fought the Messenger of God, may God bless him and his family, from the beginning, and secretly set up hostility to him after Islam. This conspiracy was clearly revealed and exposed by the martyrdom of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him). Therefore, the research dealt with an analysis of texts from the narration of Abu Mikhnaf Al-Azdi in his book: (The Killing of Al-Hussein, peace be upon him) on the role of the Imam in exposing the great conspiracy, and the preservation of the Muhammadan message from disappearance at the hands of the Umayyads. Where the text is mentioned first as it is, and then commented on in a different font, which is a more clear way to search for the recipient.

Visits to holy sites occupy an important position in the personality of a religious person regardless of his/her religion and its impact is not limited to performing religious duties, but extends to the person’s relation to leaving “disliked” (makrouh) doings and performing “recommendable” (mustahabb) doings that have positive effects on a person’s consciousness, behavior and thinking. Hence, visiting Sacred sites and performing other recommendable doings tie the person closely with values of virtue, sacrifice, and loyalty leaving a profound impact on the entrenchment of those values in his/her character. These visits are specifically impactful when paid to the Sacred Shrines of the “Prophets’ Family” (Ahl Albeit) (peace be upon them) In particular, mainly Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) Shrine on the tenth of Mu-harram and on The Fortieth Day after his martyrdom. The Fortieth Day Visit is considered one of the most important and largest visits in the history of Muslims and followers of (Ahl Albeit), and was called the "Al-Ansar Visit" (supporters’ visit) in reference to the supporters of Imam Al-Hussain (peace be upon him). Infallible Ahl Albeit Imams have always urged their followers to perform its rituals. This visit is a constant affirmation of loyalty to Imam Al-Hussain’s Rise against tyranny, and its immortal course, it is a clear message to all tyrants in the world, and a resounding cry in the face of oppressors and autocrats, stat-ing that living by the principles of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) is a firm and entrenched faith in the minds of the nation. The Islamic history bears the most beautiful images, lessons, and morals, and the Islamic heritage is rich in various scientific, social, spiritual and jihadist fields…. The Real Epic of Imam Al-Hussain is the most prominent of those heroic events, it has affected the broad Islamic community, kept Islam from being lost, entrenched the Islamic identity, uncovered falsehood and revealed the truth of the insincere fake people who pretended to be Muslims. Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) revolution defeated falsehood through the real epic of Karbalaa’. However, many tyrants from Umayyad tribe (Bani Umayah) and Al-Abbas Tribe (Bani al-Abbas) have tried to eliminate the effect and course of this real epic, and tried to eliminate its significant effects on the consciousness of Muslims and non-Muslims at those times. Openness to the Imam (peace be upon him) and his real epic rise as a splendid model of Islamic and humanitarian values, represents a high degree of political, Islamic and humanitarian awareness, because the Imam moved and set off in response to the nation that was suffering from injustice and poverty, and the perverse conditions under the authority of Umayyad ruler. Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) famous statement was (I moved and set off to demand reform in my Grandfather’s (peace be upon him) nation). Imam Al-Hussain (peace be upon him) was living the cause with his mind, heart, historical respon-sibility, and his Islamic obligation, and he conveyed his sense of humanity to the society, so he said “Who accepts me through accepting the right, then God is the First in accepting the right”, therefore he did not call for leadership and personal succession but called for support of the “right” associated with God. This multi-million persons visit to Karbala, The Fortieth Day Visit of Imam Al-Hussain is one of the strongest messages that Al-Hussain lovers send to every past and present domineering and tyrant ruler, telling those rulers we reject you and you have failed to eliminate us, Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) principles have triumphed because they are for our sake and he with those principles have become a sanctuary for all believers and free humans of different religions, sects, and affiliations. This visit shall remain, extend, and expand to doomsday. We are therefore required to answer the following quests:
- Explain the legitimate origin of The Fortieth Day Visit, its history and the sacred narrations that con-firmed it.
- How has this historical ritual evolved? Highlight this ritual and its historical roots.
- Reveal the presence of this outstanding visit in our social and religious life.
- Its spiritual, ideological, political, social and cultural benefits, and positive effects.
- Utilize this ritual in social and political reform and in confronting financial and administrative corruption.
- Marching, crying, and the analogy through acting the events of the battle (Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) Theatre) to take them as moral lessons.
- To refine the practices of this multi-million persons visit ensuring the removal of
few novel fads and misconduct, and this to ensure nothing touches the sanctity of the blessed event

Visiting the tomb of Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, especially the fortieth pilgrimage, needs a careful jurisprudential analysis, as there is little interest in women in jurisprudence with regard to the forty pilgrimage.
Hence, this research deals in particular with three main topics: women’s visit to the graves, the study of visitation evidence, and the women’s journey to visit the forty days.
After studying the evidence for visiting graves by women, the jurisprudential evidence for permissibility is studied, and then the fortieth visitation is researched and proven. Hence, this article seeks an answer to this question: What are the inferences of the jurists on visiting women and their path to the forty pilgrimage? In order to answer this question, the evidence for the permissibility of the forty march to visit the tomb of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, was examined. Proving the permissibility of the women’s march during the forty days of Husseini and its preponderance and virtue, bearing in mind that the investigation adopts the descriptive and analytical approach with the help of important sources of the Sunnah and the Imamate.

One of the important historical facts in the life of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, is the return of the captives of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, after the incident of al-Taf from Sham to Karbala on the 20th of Safar, so did the sanctuary of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, return on the 20th of Safar to Karbala to visit the tomb of Hussein, peace be upon him, or not? And the words of historians and researchers in this differed. Some of them said that the sanctuary of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, returned to Karbala in the forty years, and others excluded that, and each of them relied on multiple evidence and evidence. Discussions Then we show what is correct in the first place.

This study aims to shed light on the Isotopie role described as one of the suitable ambiance for appearing this kind of technics and to show its manifestations and beauty characteristics . It takes in consideration that language of poetry depends on recurrence , repetition , chanting and image motivation. The poem of Ibn Alarands Al-Hily, who was one of the Hijri nineth century , as a model of this study that firstly deals with Isotopie theotrically . The second research deals with isotopie Syntactically and the third deals semantically . All the results are shown in the conclusion.

Collective life is the right ground for finding cultural identity. An epic is a cultural investigative research that can guide our ideas and lifestyles. Epics have different roles, including an influential role on the certainty of belief (Erfan) and religion, which affects finding and reinforcing cultural identity. In this context, we can say that the creation of the Fortieth Day March as an epic got the masses out of confusion and gave them social work opportunities.
This research with its methodological analysis quoted from “the elements of epic” explained by Joseph Campbell, Attempts to study, as an indicator, the Arbaeen visitors’ experience of living for days in the context of the Arba’een March, through Single Sample T Test, aiming to contextualize the Fortieth Day Visit as per “the elements of epic” and to demonstrate the cultural identity there.
Based on Ashura's status and credibility in Shi'iah’s minds and its influence on their political and social behaviors and decisions, studies point to the role of the Fortieth Day March in reviving their cultural and social identity.

The ritual of the Arbaeeen pilgrimage is one of the most important landmarks that make civilization for Muslims in our time. Cultural diplomacy is one of the conditions for building this civilizational landmark. The topic of this article is to discuss the Arbaeen pilgrimage from a cultural perspective. The question of this article is what are the dimensions and strategies for making use of the cultural elements in the diplomacy of the Arbaeen pilgrimage? For answering this question, we benefited from the “Li-brary” method in collecting and analyzing information in the light of the content analysis method.
According to the results of this research, there are four main and comprehensive implications ob-tained by analyzing the contents of the written sources related to the research, namely: the (definition of cultural diplomacy), and (elements of the discourse of the Arbaeen pilgrimage), the (players of cultural diplomacy of the Arbaeen pilgrimage), and (strategies of cultural diplomacy for the Arbaeen pilgrim-age). It can be said that cultural diplomacy is an art for the purpose of giving a sound image of us to others.
Cultural diplomacy is to properly use the cultural elements for the purpose of giving the right impres-sion about the Arbaeen pilgrimage. The results of this investigation indicate that defining the elements of Ashura culture and benefiting from its elements for the sake of regional and global rapprochement, accurate knowledge of the addressees at the Shiite and Islamic levels and all other cultural fields, as well as increasing investment in the field of communication and information technology as one of the most important strategies for cultural diplomacy for the Arbaeen pilgrimage.

In the Hussein's road map, there are humanitarian efforts that have been creative and mastered in roaring giving and are racing against time to offer the most distinguished gifts. They made the most precious to seize the opportunity of loyal service to the million crowds in the holy Karbala, and their work was devoted to serving the honorable visitors inspired by their leader and the symbol of giving, the master of martyrs. And the owner of generosity, Aba Al-Fadl Al-Abbas.
During the forty days of the visit, which coincided with the spread of the Corona pandemic globally, and to demonstrate the health awareness provided by health institutions and Hussein processions by placing health advertisements along the road, emphasizing the visitor’s personal hygiene and awareness in wearing a mask and gloves, in addition to social distancing in order to increase the level of health awareness Visitors have this study.
To show the level of health awareness of visitors during the forty-year visit, one of the statistical methods (the factor analysis method) was used, based on the results of a questionnaire, which numbered (231) forms and were distributed to visitors during the fortieth visit of the year 1442 AH, where the data were summarized in seven factors. Which had a direct and indirect impact on increasing the level of health awareness among visitors during the fortieth visit.

The universality of the Husseinian revolution makes us take lessons and lessons from its curricula.These faith values are methods for the development of human thought towards establishing a fraternal civilized world free from injustice and terrorism, and the visit of the forty-year-olds acquires its global dimension from the diverse participation of peoples, nations and sects, because it is a veneration of all the principles and values of the revolution and the Husseini renaissance and the embodiment of Living loyalty to her and innocence from her enemies, and the historical visit of Imam Hussein \"peace be upon him\" at the age of forty does not mean her connection with the past exclusively, although she was really motivated by it within its contemporary concept. Rather, her history means the eternity of her continuation, as it is the eternity of the existence of injustice and corruption and eternal achievement of reform. Just as its revolutionary means the necessity and inevitability of seeking reform and human integration, even if the sacrifices reach their climax.

In this study, we shed light on the Corona pandemic and its beginning and the difference between the epidemic and the pandemic and its role in closing mosques and disrupting prayers and visits, and then we address the role of the conscious visitor in trying to address the epidemic through a number of things, including social distancing, not using other people\'s objects and equipment, wearing masks and paying attention to personal hygiene. The organization of the visit and the way to march to Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) and the role of the Hussaini shrine in organizing the visit with all its material and moral capabilities, as it is strongly present in the Corona pandemic, it is an inductive study deductive from the researcher.

Every year during the blessed 40th Day Visit “Al Arba’een Visit” many segments of the Iraqi society volunteer to offer free, harmonious, multiple, and diverse hospitality services - “Al Arba’een Visit” is the yearly pilgrimage to Imam Al-Hussain Shrine (peace be upon him) to commemorate his fortieth day of martyrdom.
Visitors (pilgrims) await impatiently for this time of the year to go visit Imam Al Hussein (peace be upon him) and stay several days in the holy city of Karbala. At that time of the year hosts from all segments of the society compete in providing visitors with various specialized hospitality services whilst poverty or any form of material disability (which characterizes the vulnerable segments of society) do not hinder their passionate competition in providing Imam Al Hussain’s visitors with the best of those free services, and do not hinder their participation in “Al Arba’een Visit” marches and other rituals.
These volunteers from the vulnerable segments of society use their annual savings to offer free hospitality services to visitors of Imam Al Hussain (peace be upon him) during “Al Arba’een Visit”, also many people finance them to sustain their voluntary services.

Every year the city of Karbala welcomes millions of pilgrims seeking the shrine of Imam Hussien (A.S.) during the month of Safar for the Arbaein occasion. The occasion this year (1443 H./ 2021) is taking place during the Covid 19 pandemic which is one of the worse global problems since the nineteenth century. About four million people (3,926,977) have died and the fatality cases are still rising with many new strains. This situation demands extraordinary precautions to be undertaken to mitigate the impact of the pandemic during what is known to be the largest religious annual gathering in the world with a count of about 20 million people.
However, it is possible to implement the following steps with sufficient number of volunteers through different committees in an Islamic community. Each committee is needed to oversee the volunteer’s capabilities and to a provide good training well ahead of time before the peak gathering occurs. Below are some suggestions of some of the minimal requirements to be considered.
1- Organizing specialised medical and nursing services with medical educators and general volunteer committees, where, some of them will help in checking the health safety documents(negative test &vaccination
for every visitor entering the boarders and encourage those who did not
get the vaccine to get it soon.
2- Implementing sanitary procedures according to WHO recommendations within hospitals and medical treatment centres; with strict attention on personal protective equipment (PPE) for all medical and clinical staff, patients and visitors of the hospitals and medical treatment centres.
3- Implementing a strict control on the catering facilities and food hygiene that is distributed on the roadside facilities and food stands with a special emphasis on using deposable plates, spoons, cups…etc.
4- To ensure application of all hygiene principles such as the wearing of face masks and social distancing in service stations on the roads with special attention to ventilation facilities during sleeping hours.
5- To encourage the majority of the visitors to not enter the shrines of Imam Hussein (A.S.) and Imam Abbas (A.S.) and recite the zyarat from a distance with all the safety control measures in place. This includes abiding by social distancing rules and wearing face masks; this will also be implemented for all the group members entering the holy shrines.

In this study, we dealt with the role of the fortieth visit of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, in the development, development and management of self and group through spiritual preparation and preparation for collective participation in the visit. Emphasis has been placed on self-management, its development, strategies and skills, and the advancement of humanity towards spiritual perfection with patience, cooperation, optimism, positive energy and love of others. The management of groups and their characteristics and the importance of belonging to the Hussein processions and their impact on achieving human, faith, moral, health and other benefits were also highlighted. The research included an applied study using the statistical program spss.ver.22)). The study concluded that the fortieth visit has a significant impact on the development and development of self-management and groups, as well as an impact on the moral, spiritual, moral and scientific construction of community members.

There is no doubt that the forty march is one of the most important manifestations of religious tourism in the world in recent years, as millions of Shiites and followers of other religions have started to come to Karbala and the holy cities in Iraq in recent years, whether on foot or by means of transportation, and participate in The great gathering to visit the forty. Since the core topic of this research is the march of the forty, it is necessary to know that this great religious activity does not include a religious dimension only, but is a source of economic, social and cultural activities between peoples and nations. We witness every year a noticeable increase in the number of visitors to Abu Abdullah Al-Hussein - on the Arbaeen visit, and since this great activity is an aspect of religious tourism, the general purpose of this research is to show and design an appropriate model for religious tourism in the Arbaeen from the point of view of experts. The current study was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and the appli-cation of the data base method. This research is a type of base data in terms of purpose and application, in terms of data and quality, in terms of research method. The population subject to the questionnaire includes scholars and experts in the estate and the university (tourism branches), where samples were taken from them using the purposeful snowball method. After conducting interviews with experts, the results of the research were classified into 6 main categories: the central phenomenon, causal conditions, overlapping factors, contextual factors, interactions and consequences, which are as follows: (The reli-gious example, the political example, the cultural example, the social example, the economic example) The interactive strategy (the role of scholars and students of religious sciences, relying on narrations to diagnose the importance of walking in the forties, holding lectures and scientific councils, canceling tickets and entry visas, developing infrastructure on the path of a march Visitors, spreading the culture of the forty march in society, explaining the material and moral effects of the forty march) extraneous circumstances (cultural invasion, wrong Western models) contextual factors (the role of the state, ref-erence groups (the seminary and university), social class) results (increasing income from currencies, Providing job opportunities, Strengthening the cultural personality and increasing a sense of confidence, Improving and developing infrastructure facilities, Refining the spirit and peace of mind, Improving cultural understanding and perception For other societies, cultural interaction and expansion of cultural relations (reducing political and social tensions)).