NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

The study was conducted in the sheep field of (Kosar) company in the Kalk district. It was conducted to determine the effect of adding slow-release urea to the concentrated diet gradually instead of fast-release urea in an attempt to improve the efficiency of feed utilization , improve rumen conditions, and its reflection on the productive performance and some blood biochemical indices of Awassi ewes milk. 24 heads of newly parented ewes aged between 3-4 years distributed to four groups was the sample. It has fed onthe same concentrated diet. The first group treated with 1.5 urea only and the second Treated with 1 % urea and 0.6 % slow-release urea .The third Treated with 0.5 % urea and 1.2 % slow-release urea and the fourth Treated with 1.8 % slow-release urea only .The study took two months, from the birth of ewes until weaning lambs, with a Completely Randomized Design. The total average weight gain for ewes was (8.37, 9.72, 6.74, 5.67) kg, and through the results, it was observed that there is a positive effect of adding Menogen to Awassi ewes feeds in the average daily and total milk production as the fourth treatment significantly (P?0.05) exceeded the rest of the treatments. The percentage of fat, protein and lactose in milk alsohas significantly (P?0.05) exceeded in the fourth treatment than the rest of the treatments, no significant difference was observed between treatments in total blood protein concentration albumin and globulin . But blood urea concentration was significant increase (P?0.05) in favor of fourth treatment and first one compared to first treatment computationally with third, plasma cholesterol concentration increased significantly (P?0.05) with increasing level of slow-release urea in third treatment compared to other treatments, triglycerides concentration in blood decreased significantly (P?0.05) with increasing level of slow-release urea for third treatment and fourth one compared to first one computationally with second. Blood enzyme ALT was significantly increased (P?0.05) in third treatment followed by fourth treatment and first one compared to second, AST enzyme decreased significantly (P?0.05) in third treatment compared to first one and second one computationally with fourth.

This study was conducted to evaluat the toxic influenceof the applied malathion in the liver and kidney tissues in Quail. 18 Quails were distributed in 3 groups. 1 as a control group. Group 2 treated one day every week for 28 days. Group 3 treated one day every two week for 56 days. The result showed in G2 decreases in BW, G3 noticed increased in BW. G2 the hepatocytes plates architectures are disrupted appearances, congestion in sinusoid and in hepatic central vein. Enlargement of portal vein.in G3 showed moderate spread damage of hepatocytesand proliferation of bile duct. congestion in the portal vein & artery. The sinusoid & central vein was expanded & congested. degeneration in the endothelium of central vein. the histopathological changes in the kidney in G2 showing atrophied of the glomeruli ,congestion & infiltration ofl lymphocytes of some glomeruli, in G3 showing congestion , distraction & shrinkage of glomeruli. .In conclusion ;exposure of Quails to local malathion result in marked histopathological changes in G2 more than G3 in liver &kidney tissues and a significant injury in kidney tissues more than liver tissues .

One of the most dreadful infectious viral disease that cause great economic losses for the poultry industry is the infectious bronchitis IB. The present study conducted to epidemiology and the molecular sequences of infectious bronchitis virus from broiler chickens’ fields in Nineveh governorate. The study covered seven regions around the Mosul city included (Al Msayed, Badoosh, Al?Qayara, Wanna, Basheeka, Al-shalalat , Al-hamdanya, and Bartalla) for the period extends from September 2022 to May 2023. The result recorded 16 suspected cases of IB. 14 of them have been diagnosed as IB virus by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). Most of the infections were in October and March, five cases of them were recorded in October, four cases in March, two conditions in September, and one case in other months of the study. (PCR), showed that the causative agent of IB in Al?Msayed, Badoosh, Al-Qayara, Wanna, Basheeka, Al shalalat , Al-hamdanya, and Bartalla) was from strain(AAS-IB01M Result showed a new strain which was submitted to the GenBank of the (NCBI) to be registered

By studying both species the results showed that the average weights of adult birds were 1445 gm in ducks. the average rate of tongue’s weight was 8.87 gm, and a relative weight of 0.61 gm, while the average weights in geese were 2374 gm, 11.28 gm, and 0.47 gm, respectively. The dorsal surface of the apex of the tongue of ducks was spoon-shaped, while the apex of the tongue of geese was round. but the ventral surface was triangular with a white plate termed the nail of the tongue in both species. The caudal part of the duck tongue makes the tongue comb which is placed in front of the lingual elevation, whereas the caudal part of the goose tongue forms the median furrow which is located at the front border of the lingual elevation. The margins of the tongue of both animals include large and small conical mechanical papillae, in addition to filiform papillae. A significant difference has been noted in the thickness of the apex and the root of the tongue between the two birds. Also, there was a significant difference in the width of the lingual elevation and root between the two birds.

Klebsiella pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen causes several diseases including sepsis, pneumonia, and wound infections. There are two pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumonia: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumonia (hvkp), which is an emerging variant of (ckp), clinically distinguished by invasive and multiple site infections. A total of 150 samples were collected from different hospitals in Kirkuk city during the period between November 2021 to June 2022. The age of patients ranged between (20– 60) years old of both sexes. These samples were highly recovered from females with a rate 66.67% compared to the males 33.33%. Thirty (20%) K. pneumonia was recovered from different clinical specimens including urine, sputum, burn and wound swabs. The most common age group infected with K. pneumoniae was (20-40) with a rate of 63.33% and commonly recovered from inpatients 53.33% rather than outpatients (46.67%). The capability of K. pneumonie isolates to form biofilm was also examined by using tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA) methods. The results indicate that biofilm production by TCP method was 70% (46.67% strong biofilm producer, 23.33 % moderate and 30 were negative), while Congo red agar (CRA) method showed 60% positivity for biofilm and 40% was negative. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted to all isolates by using disc diffusion test towards 8 antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed multiple resistance against 3 or more of different antibiotic groups (gentamicin 93%, ampicillin 96%, amoxicillin –clavulanate 90%, cefotaxime 83%, ceftazidime 96%, meropenem 36%, levofloxacin 76 % and gentamicin 93 %. K. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and from sputum samples were more resistant to antibiotics.

Obesity and vitamin D deficiency are linked in a substantial way. More research into the mechanism of vitamin D insufficiency is required to analyze this link. The purpose of this review was to examine the published literature on the relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Obese people are frequently less exposed to sunlight due to their lack of exercise, and the huge size of the fat mass may limit vitamin D production under the skin, where vitamin D is processed in the adipocytes. Vitamin D insufficiency affects adipocyte growth and differentiation consequently weight gain. Several researches have been conducted to investigate the impact of obesity on developing vitamin D insufficiency. Because research on the effect of vitamin D and obesity is still scarce, this study intended to compile studies that explain this effect and brings as many points of view as possible together.

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth and adolescents is a concerning trend in many countries. This poses a significant threat to current and future healthcare systems due to the associated risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, and even mortality. Developing effective strategies for preventing these conditions and understanding their origins are crucial. Creating predictive models for overweight and obesity in young individuals and their related outcomes holds immense value, and machine learning models have proven to be valuable tools for this purpose. The main objective of this study is to construct a data-driven model that can forecast the likelihood of overweight or obesity in youngsters. HTo achieve this, the researchers employed Decision tree analysis using the Rapid Miner program. This analysis aimed to determine the extent to which various human variables contribute to obesity and how accurately these factors can classify individuals into different obesity index categories based on their determined body mass(body weight in kg divided by the square of body length in meters). For this study, a body mass of <= 24.9 kg.m-2 was considered normal weight (obesity index = 0), while a body mass above 24.9 kg.m-2 indicated overweight (obesity index = 1), The attributes related to student activity and nutrition were utilized as inputs for the Decision tree models, and the outputs were the obesity index classifications. The results of the investigation demonstrated successful classification of obesity levels, with an efficiency rate of 94.16%. This indicates that the data attributes used in the study were highly accurate in determining the obesity index.

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences - College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul ,during the period 20/2/2022 to 5/2/2023. Soft cheese was made from cow's milk covered with gelatin membranes which is loaded with copper oxide and selenium nanoparticles. The specimen stored for 20 days at a temperature of 5±2°C. The chemical properties of cheese were studied in terms of moisture, fat, protein, ash, and pH. The results showed that the moisture content decreased during the storage period The treatments coated with gelatin films to which selenium particles and copper oxide
nanoparticles were added, had the lowest moisture loss percentage, and the T8 treatment had the lowest moisture loss percentage. The rest of the cheese components of protein, fat and ash did not show significant differences on the first day of storage compared to the two comparison samples without packaging and covered with gelatin film only T1 and
T2, but the percentages of these components increased at the end of the storage period in proportion to the loss of moisture. The pH values were between 5.9 and 6.3% for the treatments coated with gelatin films supported by copper oxide and selenium nanoparticles, compared to the two control samples, T1 and T2. The pH values were 5.4 and 6.3, respectively

Fusarium species are causing postharvest stem-end rot and dry rot throughout the potato growing season. At the current study, the causative wilt agent was identified in potatoes which were grown in Nineveh province, northern of Iraq, in autumn season of 2020. The disease manifests through symptoms like partial yellowing between the veins on the leaves of potatoes or overall wilting of the plant. Fungal species isolated from the infected potato plants were subsequently grown on potato dextrose agar, resulting in developing aerial mycelia appeared as white along violet-dark pigmentation. The fungus was identified from the phenotypic diagnosis as Fusariumoxysporum, and the pathogen was confirmed by Koch's hypotheses as well as affirmed through molecular test identification, where methodology proved it. Molecular based pathogen identification was carried out through an application of conserved DNA ribosomal region of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Moreover, the complete verified ITS sequences are homologous to theisolates of Fusariumoxysporum in GenBank database having 99% similarity. At Gen-Bank, isolated one in Iraq was given #: MH859948.1 being an Accession. The best to the available knowledge, such is Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. tuberosi 1st molecular Potato record in Iraq

This research was carried out under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of the extracts Eugenia caryophyllus on pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina Which is diagnosed on the plant Shalek depending on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds found in the volatile oil separated from cloves were
identified using GC-MS and the following active compounds were obtained )8-Dimethylnona-1, phenol ,Naphthalene, alpha-Farmesene, 1- Lsopropyl-4, 7-hexahyro-1, Caryophyllene oxide.( .Of these compounds, 1-Lsopropyl-4 gave the highest concentration at 2. 01 mg.gm-1 with a retention time of 8.537, and the separated fatty acids were identified from the clove petroleum ether extract using GC-MS, and the following fatty acids were obtained:) Palmatic, Undecanoic, Lauric, Arachidonic, Lenolinic, Linoleic, Oleic, Stearic( .Among these compounds is Linoleic Which gives the highest concentration at 27.52 mg. gm-1 With a holding time of 15.280 minutes. The inhibitory effect of clove extracts against Macrophomina phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the extracts of petroleum ether and eucalyptus oil, which were used at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/ml in the PDA medium, had inhibitory effects on the growth of the aforementioned fungus. Both extracts caused a significant effect on the growth of this fungus at all concentrations used. As these fungi failed to form mycelium on PDA.