AL-SSEBT JOURNAL

This research addresses the fact that religious rituals are practices of certain customs by individuals as a means of expressing their adherence to their religion and beliefs, they consider these rituals to be part of their deep belief in God and ways of demonstrating loyalty to their religious symbols, to pave their path towards salvation.
This research also shows that The Fortieth Day Visit portrays a clear picture of unity and elimination of all class and ethnic disparities. It indicates and will indicate over the next years the communication and the renewal of the covenant between the Shi’ia, loyalists on one hand and their Imam Al-Hussain (peace be upon him) on the other hand, and it will remain the main stimulus for those individuals to march towards the lofty goals which Imam Al-Hussain represented and revolted for, namely the values of faith, freedom, justice and humanity. Hence we need the visit to represent an engagement in cultural orientation and awareness raising that guide people to those values.

Although the concept of war is as ancient as stone-age, its nature has always been nearly constant regarding conflicting parties and conflicts' nature regardless of the eras and the parties to the conflict, it seems different in terms of the rules and principles that the parties seek to prepare before the conflict occurs, those rules and principles determine all early tactical operations and plans that abide by the mil-itary traditions of the time. War and its principles were recognized by Chinese, Romans and Muslims, but they changed with the progress of the historical periods in which those nations lived. Also war and its principles evolved with the evolution of science, the development of arms industry, and the different methods and tactics of armies’ warfare.
We believe that the timeless March of the Fortieth Day Visit constitutes in all its intellectual, reli-gious, moral, humanitarian and social aspects, the essence and norms of modern warfare agreed upon by intellectualists; although its manifestations may not reflect this, but based on the research we believe that the principles of the military traditions of the time and the comprehensive strategy of war, have been embodied through the grand March of the Fortieth Day Visit.

Today, as we recall the incident of Al-Tuff and the role of Lady Zainab (peace be upon her), the partner of Imam Hussein in his revolution, we need a new reading of the forty-year visit and all the values associated with it. We need a deep reading and employ the tragedy of that visit in order to change reality for the better and a future characterized by security and stability. This is not only theorizing, but through practical and applied programs on the ground, so we preferred to talk about it and we are trying to learn from it in order to change ourselves first, our reality second, and the reality of Muslim women in general and Iraqi women in particular, who are going through exceptional circumstances in light of wars, economic siege, poverty, poverty, ignorance and deprivation thirdly .
The research found that the ratio of males and females in Iraq is almost equal. However, the reality of women contrasts with the reality of men in Iraq, as the research showed that there is convergence between the sexes in terms of the extent of access to educational opportunities with a slight advantage in favor of males in the early educational stages. And that the gap appears to be large in favor of males, and a yellow size in the level of bachelor's degrees and higher degrees. And the reality of Iraqi women in the level of economic activity is low, as the rate of economic activity for females reached (14.6%) compared to (72.1%) for males. Perhaps the reasons for this are thorny and complex, in which cultural inheritances, social and political factors overlap, and neglect or lack of attention by the state to the importance of empowering women. Iraq and exploiting its economic potential as a human resource and as a means and a development goal at the same time. We suggest that the state should adopt policies in the interest of empowering Iraqi women economically and socially, including taking all appropriate measures to provide job opportunities for women who suffer from unemployment, while providing an enabling environment and expanding the policy of compulsory education until the end of the preparatory stage.

The Yearly Pilgrimage to Imam Al-Hussain Shrine (peace be upon him) to commemorate his Fortieth Day of Martyrdom (a ritual named “Al-Arba’een Visit”) has always been the most important method Ahl Al-Beit Imams (peace be upon them) used to preserve the memorial of A’ashouraa’ epic rise and battle, and it’s blessed heroes. Since the tragic epic of A’shouraa’ took place, Muslims and Ahl Al- Beit followers have dedicated great care and huge efforts to commemorate and revive it.
The research addressed first Holy Imams’ (peace be upon them) approaches for preserving the me-morial of A’ashouraa’, and secondly it addressed the origin that made the yearly Visit at the Fourtieth Day of Imam Hussain’s Martyrdom a religiously recommended ritual, then it addressed the purposes behind holding condolence gatherings for Imam Al- Hussain (peace be upon him). Finally the research detailed the Visit’s impact and its blessings and social positive effects, such as:
- Preserving Ahl- Albeit’s (peace be upon them) teachings.
- Mobilizing audience.
- Offering positive self-construction and religious instructions.
- Raising Muslims’ awareness and leveling up their social and political insight
- Advocates Ahl Al- Beit teachings to the Islamic nation.
At the end of the research we listed ten suggestions that would help in achieving all goals of the Visit and its global march.

The research deals with the impact of the Corona pandemic on the visit of the forty Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and the pilgrimage to the Sacred House of God is a comparative geographical study. Because of the importance of this type of comparative studies to benefit from other experiences, as a result of the risks that could be caused by the crowds and gatherings of millions in the Arbaeen visit, the research includes a presentation of the historical course of epidemics, especially in the Islamic world, due to which the Hajj was disrupted, as it deals with the study of the concept and types of health services, and the size of These services and their distribution in the city of Karbala and Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and the appropriateness of that distribution in providing a better service, and the measures taken by the Iraqi and Saudi governments to control the health situation and the possibility for Iraq to benefit from some health pilgrimage procedures in light of the Corona pandemic.

The fortieth Day Visit “Arba’een Visit” has gradually become an effective element in the Shi’ia Culture and it turned into a social rule in the Muslim society, and particularly Shi’ia society, and during the few recent decades even followers of Abraham religions (mainly Christians and Sabean) started participating in the visit rituals, this historical progress in the visit started since the very first Fortieth Day commemoration of Imam Al-Hussain (peace be upon him) after his martyrdom when Jaber bin Abdullah Al-Ansari visited Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) holy tomb, as this visit and similar deeds of devotion to the holy Imam Al-Hussain were supported by the words and actions of the infallible Ahl al-Beit Imams’ (peace be upon them).
Undoubtedly, the study of this great yearly social event (of the fortieth Day Visit) through various methodologies can unveil the material and moral benefits of this visit, and can demonstrate those benefits to societies including religious ones, especially Shi’ia.
In this research, the author seeks to address this sociological reality through the methodology of sociology itself, using attribution and utilization of evidence-based real data (input), and this to first be able to determine the facets of this visit from the perspective of sociology, and then to demonstrate the important social effects of this visit. This attempt could form a small step on the route of defining this luminous truth, and more importantly with respect to the researcher, is to have his name registered in the book of fondness of Imam Al-Hussain and amongst the visitors of his holy Shrine during “Al-Arba’een Visit” (hoping that God would permit this).

Accommodation service is the core of hotel industry for all hotels regardless of classifications and number of stars. It is also at the core of all other accommodation types such as Hotel Apartments, tourist villages, motels, and other accommodation businesses.
The Fortieth Day Visit is a blessed occasion that is dedicated especially for the visit of Imam Al-Hussain. Consequently, Karbala Governorate witnesses annually a flood of millions of visitors during this highly significant occasion for Muslims, as well as non-Muslims, in a manner that exceeds the governorate’s accommodation businesses’ capacity where they stand incapable of hosting those many millions of visitors. From here it was necessary to dedicate a research on the imbalance in Visitors’ Lodging during the Fortieth Day. This imbalance has been addressed as follows: Allocating rooms in residential homes to host numbers of visitors, creating shelters in public squares as well as in “Hussaineyat” (houses dedicated to serve Imam Al-Hussain, peace be upon him), schools, and lodging pavilions. Hence, it is the responsibility of the government to find the means and mechanisms to organize hotels’ accommodation services in line with the peak of The Fortieth Day Visit, taking effective steps towards sustainable tourism development in the governorate, and ensure that haters find no security breakthroughs in the procedures of Tourism Security that exists as a necessity resulting from the arrivals of millions of visitors.

One of the most important things that is emphasized in religious teachings is the pilgrimage letter of Arbaeen Imam Hussein (AS). The importance of this pilgrimage letter is such that in some narrations it is considered as one of the signs of a true believer.The important point is that all the virtues and rewards that have been stated for the Arbaeen pilgrimage are for the pilgrimage with knowledge,which its features are obvious in individual and social dimensions.The desirable pilgrimage, which is emphasized in the narrations,is based on the features that have two positive approaches in relation to pilgrims:The first is that it helps to increase the value of pilgrimage and its acceptance, and the second is that it has great effects on the individual and social life of pilgrims, the most important of which is the increase of knowledge and excellence of lifestyle.
Accordingly, the present study has studied the desirable pilgrimage of ArbaeenHusseini (AS) with a descriptive-analytical method and, considering the general popularity of this pilgrimage in the last decade, has briefly discussed its do's and don'ts.The result is that paying attention to the characteristics of the desirable pilgrimage in ArbaeenHusseini (AS) and its culture among pilgrims will have important results, including:Paying attention to these features and characteristics in individual dimension will increase knowledge in pilgrims and accordingly, the lifestyle of Husseini (AS) in the community will be more than before;In the social dimension, in addition to creating a culture of Arbaeen pilgrimage, while eliminating ethnic and religious differences, it can bring a single culture of different ethnic groups and nations because of Imam Hussein's (AS) love, and the purpose will be propagating the unity of the Islamic society along with divine values at the global level.

The contemporary history of the Islamic world is plagued by numerous challenges and crises. Getting rid of these crises requires conscious theory and behavior. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of how to achieve convergence in the Islamic world?
The result of the research based on Springs research method shows that in order to achieve Islamic convergence, we must first understand the current situation and move towards the desired situation by identifying the causes and obstacles and drawing a solution. The Islamic world has very valuable contexts and capacities for convergence, the most important of which is tourism, especially religious tourism.
The International Hajj Congress, the 40th anniversary of the martyrs and the pilgrimage to the holy shrines are among the most important religious places where millions of Muslims from all over the world, with different nationalities, races, colors and languages, travel to these places for pilgrimage and get acquainted with other cultures and religions. And in spite of differences, distinctions and differences, they are interconnected and show the perspective of Islamic convergence by leaving aside racial, ethnic, national and religious distinctions. Therefore, by strengthening and using the features and functions of religious tourism, we can smooth the formation of convergence in the Islamic world as a desirable and ideal society.

The Arbaeen pilgrimage is one of the important rituals mentioned in many of the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), Because it is one of the means that Allah the almighty urged to get near to Him and obtain His approval. And also for the grace and great standing of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) by Allah, the Great and Sublime, for this great Imam who sacrificed the most precious in order to raise the word of God and spread the Islamic religion. In addition, it is the great tributary to the establishment of a cohesive society and the rejection of enmity and hatred. It is also one of the elements of friendliness, familiarity and communication between members of society of all kinds and classes. The word “Arbaeen” was associated with many things, including: the chain of transmission to Abu Jaafar al-Tusi, as narrated by Imam al-Hasan bin Ali al-Askari (peace be upon him) that he said: ((The signs of a believer are five: the fifty prayers, the pilgrimage of Arbaeen, wearing ring in the right hand, blaspheming the forehead, and speaking out in the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful)).
The Arbaeen pilgrimage is the one that holds individuals from all over the world, especially after the fall of the Saddam regime in 2003, to visit Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). All social classes, men or women, old or young, and at all levels, rich or poor, participate in this great and immortal ritual, in the service of Abu Abdullah Al-Hussein (peace be upon him). Therefore, a certain category was chosen from these classes, namely the role of women and the work she does at various levels, either on foot or in the field of service work for visitors or in guiding the visitors, which is what was identified in the research.

Women constitute half of the society, and when we look at Iraqi society, we find that women possess great vitality and effectiveness that extended this society and took it with life factors and continuity despite all the difficulties and tragedies it went through during its long history, but if we look at the depths of this society, we find that the mentality, the short view and the culture Exclusion that derives its reference and the basis of its existence from the social customs and traditions that have established their strong roots in the education of this society.
The study aimed to analyze the atitudes of women’s participation in Al-Arbaeen visitation by distributing the questionnaire form to the sample of the study community, as (100) questionnaire forms were distributed, divided into (9) administrative units, according to the percentage of the female population, and in an electronic way for the purpose of achieving the goal of the study, and to identify the extent of women’s participation During the visit, as well as identifying the challenges that they may face or limit their participation in this phenomenon.
The results of the study concluded that there is a correlation between the great trend of participation and interaction with the phenomenon and the educational and age characteristics of women, as Al-Arbaeen visitation represents (a global carnival) in which all religions and peoples participate and all cultures and colors meet, as Al-Arbaeen visit has its importance and dimensions for women in the study area. With the presence of many challenges that may limit participation, such as social, health, economic, political, security and other challenges, the study recommended the necessity of empowering women and advancing their social, economic and health status, and their awareness-raising role in the study area.

The spread of coronavirus has paralyzed the world’s various social, tourism, economic and political sectors and activities especially after it was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Meanwhile, The Fortieth Day Visit coincided with the virus’ outbreak in Iraq in 2020, hence, Iraq's Ministry of Health confirmed the danger of the virus and the need to adhere to preventive measures, also the Shi’ia Religious Reference (Marje’ea) urged the society to abide by health institutions’ preventive measures. Despite all those dangers, The Fortieth Day Visit witnessed the participation of multi-million visitors performing the usual rituals, where their faith won over any fear of the pandemic dangers.
So this research came to study and analyze statistics and data on the numbers of infections and deaths during that time frame. The research took three consecutive time-frames as samples to illustrate the impact of the pandemic on the multi-million participation in The Fortieth Day Visit and to clarify the impact of that participation on the increase or decrease of the numbers of infections by the virus and on the numbers of deaths resulting from the infection; finally the research offered an analysis for the results.

Medical services are a group of preventive services that aim to avoid individuals suffering from many diseases and include toxic nutrition, comprehensive medical examination, prevention of infectious diseases and first aid. Companion services are among the essential essential services in any society because the disease is a phenomenon that is capable of spreading and expanding, whether by infection or methods, The importance of studying the efficiency of medical services comes because they reflect the state’s interest in this important sector.
The main problem of the research is the following question: What is the efficiency and adequacy of the medical services provided for visitors to the fortieth visit, while the research methodology has been relied on the descriptive analytical approach to show the efficiency and adequacy of medical services in the city of Nasiriyah.
The research aims to know the reality of the health services provided to the visitorsin the city of Nasiriyah using a number of health indicators and their application to know the degree of adequacy and efficiency of that service. Measuring the efficiency indicators of health institutions as a random sample distributed to forty visitors.

The impact of ethical behaviors of Husseiniya service providers on youth tourism (Visiting the forty days of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) an Empirical study)
Ethical behavior is an accurate output to give everyone his right, To put things in their place, And things are right. And that knowledge of behavior creates a sophisticated society that would strengthen the relationship between its members and increase respect among them. The main objective of the study is to show ethical behaviors and the impact they have on youth tourism if it is represented by the Husseiniya service provider. In light of this, the main question arose (what is the impact of the ethical behavior of service providers on youth tourism?) expressed in a number of intellectual and applied axes, and the importance of the study lies in that it will come out with an intellectual and philosophical rooting of the nature of the study variables, based on an field effort.
To achieve the objectives of the study and to contain its problem, a set of hypotheses were formulated on the basis of it, and tested by a set of statistical tools and methods, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data and information from the study sample. important in monitoring and controlling the behavior of its members.

The fortieth visit is one of the important factors in building society and spreading social cohesion among the masses of visitors, based on the people’s love for help and cooperation with a humanitarian motive without any financial return. Based on the foregoing, the current research came to shed light on the terrorist attacks that tried to threaten the security of the visitors and the challenges they faced from terrorist groups. The research dealt with terrorist attacks and their impact on societal peace (the fortieth visit as a model). The research was divided into three axes, the first studied the beginnings and roots of terrorism, and the second dealt with terrorist attacks in Iraq after 2003 AD, while the third and final axis studied the main topic of research, which is the most prominent terrorist attacks The holy city of Karbala and its threat to community peace.

The world lives today despite the civilized and scientific progress that it is witnessing in a state of stagnation and superficiality in relations, and the tendency to force to achieve interests and extend influence. Peaceful coexistence and other aspects of the right human life that God Almighty wanted for this creature, which He honored above all other creatures, and this is the problem that our world suffers from today and the people of this age, which is the problem of research.
Therefore, we wanted to point out in this research to something from the heritage of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) and his approach to tolerance and peaceful coexistence, be-cause this approach has a great impact on the possibility of correcting the path if this noble approach is truly imitated, especially if we follow the gradual sequence in the steps of the Imam with this The matter that we have explained in this modest research, which we divided into two main sections, came the first entitled “Tolerance in the Thought of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and its Effects and Dimensions” in which we talked about Imam Hussein’s approach to intellectual tolerance as a basis and a starting point for other branches of tolerance, and we came with evidence of the Imam’s tolerance Intellectual, social and human, as we have indi-cated, the impact of these witnesses and attitudes on the hearts of followers and lovers of the Imam, especially in the blessed forty pilgrimage, where honorable images of human tolerance with the general public without discrimination between one and the other. As for the second topic, it was covered under the title (Peaceful Coexistence in the Thought of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) and its effects and dimensions).and the termination of the conciliation concluded between them, given that the conciliator was martyred, and also that Muawiyah did not abide by any of its clauses. And passing through the Imam’s departure from Medina to Mecca and from there to Iraq in the desire for peaceful coexistence and to avoid war, as well as his position with the Free Army when he ordered his companions to water the people and groom their horses, and prevented some from wanting to fight them. And ending with his stances on the tenth of Muharram in advising and guiding the people, and allowing his companions to speak with the people, all of this is a desire for peace and to avoid war. We also showed at the end of this topic the extent to which the followers of the Imam were affected by this right approach in their love for coexistence and always avoiding starting to fight in keeping with the morals of the Prophet, including Imam Hussein (peace be upon him).

Perhaps the most serious task in building society is building humans. Hence Prophet Mohammad’s (peace be upon him) identity brought people from different races and countries harmoniously together under Islam; and for a person to reach peaceful coexistence with his brother/sister in humanity regardless of religion and belief, they should depend on humanitarian principles as Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said, “People are of two kinds, either your brothers in religion or your counterparts in creation.” Islam brought humans together under the banner of humanity through Imam Ali’s personality (peace be upon him) as well as Imam Al-Hussain’s (peace be upon him) personality as he imposed his existential identity throughout human history not just Islamic history in which his personality brings people together under the banner of humans peaceful coexistence, resistance of injustice and oppression, and supporting the aggrieved regardless of people’s religions. People from other religions joined him to fight against the tyrant. Imam Al-Hussain (peace be upon him) is also an extension of his Grandfather, the Messenger of Almighty God, prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) who was “sent because of God’s Mercy on the entire world”.