NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

Ethylene glycol (EG) it is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting liquid used for automobile anti-freeze, and is moderately toxic if ingested the leaves of the Taraxacum officinale plant are used as an antioxidant and immune booster. It is found in many countries, including Iraq. The animals were divided into 5 groups, each containing 6 rabbits: the control group (untreated), the group of rabbits treated with ethylene glycol at a dose of 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 60 days, in addition to that, groups from three to five) were treated with 1% ethylene. Glycol in drinking water with injections of extracted extracts from Taraxacum officinale leaves (flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids) at a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for two months. After the end of the experiment, blood was drawn into tubes devoid of anticoagulants to conduct some tests. Administration of ethylene glycol led to a significant decrease in the levels of measured antioxidants compared to the control group, except for SOD, while the groups treated with extracts isolated from the plant showed a decrease in MDA and a significant increase (P <0.05) in Gpx, CAT, and GSH after treatment with Taraxacum extracts. officinale, while SOD increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to the ethylene glycol group. The pathological histopathological changes in the ethylene glycol group include the deposition of oxalates in the lumen of the renal tubules and atrophy of the glomerular tuft, which leads to the expansion of the Bowman’s space, necrosis of the epithelium of the renal tubules, congestion of blood cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart, while treatment with extracts of Dandelion with ethylene glycol reduced necrosis in epithelial cells and decreased the number of inflammatory cells with less congestion in blood vessels in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart compared to the ethylene glycol group

This study was conducted at the Animal Production Field/ College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the period from (1/2/2023) to (1/5/2023) 20 weaning age lambs were used (three months) lambs were divided into four groups (coefficients)The first group (T1) five Awassi lambs from Awassi parents weighed (24.82 ± 2.62) and the second (T2) five crossing lambs (Hamdani ×Awassi) average weight ( 23.20 ± 2.43) The two groups were fed a diet containing high degraded soybean meal, while the third group (T3) was five Awassi lambs from Awassi parents with average weight (23.42± 2.53) and the fourth group (T4) five crossing lambs (Hamdani ×Awassi) average weight (24.33± 2.78) and the two groups were fed a diet containing low-degradation soybean meal. It was noted from the results of the study that the feed intake was close between the treatments and amounted to (1149.44) kg / day. Total gainin T4 increased (24.23) kg as compared to the first, second and third (18.22, 21.90, 19.52) kg respectively, this was reflected in increse of the final weight, (48.56) kg and the empty body (44.06) kg (P≤ 0.05) were achieved in T4 as compared other treatmants, salthough we find that the differences in the weight of the carcass did not reach the level of significant and the differences were highest in T4, followed by T2, T1 and T3, (22.41, 21.59, 21.55, 20.18) kg respectively. On the other hand, it is noted that dressing percentage 50% and the area rib eye 19.12cm2was better in the sighnificantly lambs in T1 fed on a highly degraded soybeam mal compared to the lambs T1, T3 and T4 (47.99, 47.60, 46.17)% (17.68, 17.68, 16.83 cm2) respectively

Between the 1st of March and 1st June2023an experiment was conducted in the fieldof the Livestock Division/Nineveh Research Department to assess the heterosis, reciprocal and maternal effects as well as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of Ukrainian (U) and local (L) white (W) and brown (Br) plumage quail and their hybrids crosses for the following traits: age at sexual maturity (ASM day), female body weight at sexual maturity (FBWS g), first egg weight (FEW g), hen day production (HDP%), egg weight (EW g) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR g food/g egg mass) .The results showed that for all traits under study, there are significant differences (P < 0.05) in heterosis between the hybrids. The GCA of FBWS, HDP%, EM and FCR were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the pure genetic groups. All traits were significantly different (P < 0.05) across the hybrids in the SCA, except for the ASM FBWS. All traits except the EW showed statistically significant variation in the reciprocal effect. The maternal factor had no significant effect on any trait

Seven experimental diets were designed to feed fish of the common carp species Cyprinus carpio L.This diet, known as the control T1,is additive-free. Three other diets were added to sweet bean seeds in three different amounts: 0.5, 1,1.5% for the diets T2,T3,T4, respectively. Throughout a 60-day experiment, the percentages of Gujarat seed powder used in the T5, T6,T7 diets were 0.5,1,1.5%, respectively.The maximum digestibility factor was achieved by treatmentT6 89.44%,while treatments T2 and T7 gave digestibility factors of (84.02% and 83.38%), respectively.In terms of thermal growth coefficient reaching 0.022%. Treatments T1and T7 followed, with 0.017,0.013 percent, respectively.The metabolic growth rate for treatment T5 was most significant at 9.1 gm/kg/day, with treatments T1,T7 coming in second and third, respectively, at 6.9 and 5.6 gm/kg/day. The study concludes that adding currants and sweet bean powder to fish meals enhances the nutritional content of the diets while.

The study aimed to investigate PGR's effect on in vitro grapes Vitis Vinifera L. cvs. Superior and Red globe single nodes propagation. During the surface sterilization stage (10, 20, and 30%), commercial bleach solution was used as a disinfectant agent for (5, 10, and 15 minutes) immersion periods. In the multiplication stage, explants were planted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1) of Benzyl Adenine (BA) concentrations and the control treatment was (BA-free). The rooting stage included cultivating plantlets from the multiplication stage on half-salt strength MS media supplied with (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L-1) indole-3- butyric acid (IBA). The results showed that the highest percentage of uncontaminated explants was achieved in 20% of commercial bleach solutions used for a 10-minute immersion period (90 and 80% for Superior and Red Globe cultivars, respectively). The results of the multiplication stage showed that the highest values of newly formed shoots number and leaves number (4.50 and 20.90, respectively, for the Superior) and (4.10 and 18.50, respectively, for the Red Globe) were recorded in media containing 2 mg L-1 BA. The Superior variety showed the highest rooting percentage (90%) and significant root number (3.55) in a medium containing 1 mg L-1 IBA, while the Red Globe variety had the highest percentage (100%), and the root number (3.50) in the medium contained 0.5 mg L-1. The results of this study provide a rapid and effective propagative propagation system for selected grapes.

Root rot and seedlings damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most damaging disease of cucumber. This disease causes reducing yield in cucumber. This study conducted laboratory and greenhouse conditions to find out the efficacy of biological control agents, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, the chemical compound Bion, and fungicide revanol. The results of pathogenicity test of R. solani on cucumber seeds showed that R. solanihas led to a significant reduction in the percentage of germination and seed rot compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 100%. The results showed the ability of all control agents used in this study to reduce the incidence of the disease. The Bion (benzothiadiazole) treatment showed significant effect and outperformed the other treatments in increasing the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, which was recorded at 14,440 (unit. minute-1.g wet weight-1). It also achieved the highest significant increase in total phenolics 1.52 (mg -1 . gram wet weight -1). Biological control agent T. harzianum has outperformed on other treatments in causing an increase in the activity of the polyphenol oxidase enzyme, it has recorded 1811.7 (unit. minute - 1 .gram of wet weight - 1 leaf).

During the growing season of 2021, the study was carried out in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar, to investigate the impact of humic acid (H) addition at values of (0, 4, 8 ml L-1) and using an extract from the ginger rhizome (Z) solution at (0, 5, 10 g L-1) concentrations On a few apricot seedling growth traits and chemical composition, cultivar Hamawi. The outcomes showed a considerable impact of humic acid addition on all attributes investigated, particularly the high level (H2, which exhibited the attributes with the highest values (seedlings height 30.57 cm, length of branches 18.6 cm, the stem diameter is 2.7 mm, number of leaves is 132.8 leaf seedlings-1, the percentage of dry matter of leaves is 51.86%, the leaf area 2065.02 cm2 seedlings-1, chlorophyll content of leaves 11.21 mg g-1 fresh weight, leaves content of total carbohydrates 13.76%). Spraying ginger rhizome extract was used as treatment (Z2), and it had the most notable effects on the characteristics (The rate of increase in seedling height, rate of increase in stem diameter, rate of increase in number of leaves, percentage of leaf dry matter, leaf area, content of leaves from chlorophyll, content of leaves from total carbohydrates) which were (26.58 cm, 2.6 mm, 126.7 seedling leaf-1, 50.79%, 1804.03 cm2 seedling-1 , 11.13 mg g-1 fresh weight, and 12.95%) respectively.

Lactobacillus plantarum is known to produce biofilms and planktonic cells. It has the ability to grow in MRS broth on inert surfaces. This study aimed to examine the ability of L. plantarum to generate biofilms and planktonic cells under diverse environmental conditions. The study also included the effect of temperature and pH changes on the growth of biofilms. In addition, the study investigated the effect of different sugars added to the MRS medium on biofilm formation. The results confirmed that the optimal temperature for biofilm growth is 37°C, and that the best pH 8. It was noted that the use of MacConkey's medium hinders bacterial growth.. Conversely, the addition of sugars to media environments significantly enhances biofilm formation, with biofilm production increasing alongside concentrations of glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose and starch. The production of biofilms by L. plantarum holds importance for food processing and preservation, and presents diverse potential medical applications.

This study was aimed to manufacture a margarine-like product in which the milk fat was replaced with olive oil at a rate of 25 and 50%, with the addition of monoglycerides (M.G.) as an emulsifying agent at a rate of 0.25%. The product was stored for 60 days. at State the temperature for storage. A cow butter sample was manufactured as control sample, and some properties were estimated, including the peroxide value and The acid value spreadability and hardness. Also, Sensory evaluation was carried out, and the research was conducted in the period from 1/10/2022 to 1/2/2023, The results showed that the M.G sample was lower in peroxide number, as the values for the M.G. sample ranged from 3.5 to 11.6), while in the butter sample it was 11 to 13.5 mEq O2/gm fat. The acid for the M.G. sample ranged between 0.84 and 1.4) and for the butter sample, it ranged between 0.84 and 1.6) mg KOH/gm fat. The spreadability was estimated at 20° for the M.G. sample, and it ranged from 3.4-5.15 cm, while in the butter sample it was between 2-3.25 cm. Hardness was also estimated, as it was about 2 cm in the M.G. sample at 20°, and in the butter, it was 0.7–1.15 cm.

The Anchor Borrower Programme (ABP) involves the provision of farm inputs in kind and cash to small-holder farmers to boost production of targeted commodities. This study assessed loan repayment among ABP beneficiaries as well as to examine its diversion. A total of 138 farmers were randomly selected. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that majority (75.4%) of the beneficiaries were men with average age of 40 years with an average farm size of 1.7 hectares. Majority (85.5%) of the beneficiaries defaulted in repayment of the given loan. Although 43.5% and 14.5% of them made a partial and complete loan repayment respectively. Also, 28.3% of them payback with produce and cash while 18.1% and 16.7% of them payback with produce and cash only respectively. Furthermore, personal/family
needs (62%) topped the reasons for loan diversion. Also, ?20% diverted the loan to serve other purposes. It was concluded that without proper management, the scheme would die. The study recommends that the scheme should be given better management in order to prevent diversion of funds as well as to ensure prompt repayment.