Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The present study aims to the following: identify the organizational loyalty among the faculty members of College of Basic Education. identify the significance of differences in organizational loyalty according to the variable of the type (male and female). Identify the organizational culture among the university's faculty members. Identify the significance of differences in organizational culture according to the variable type (male and female). The community of the present study is limited to the faculty members of College of Basic Education, University of Mustansiriyah of both sex; for the academic year (2018-2019). The sample of the study consists of (200) members. The researcher builds the scale of organizational loyalty and adopts the measure of organizational culture and extracts the statistical characteristics. The results shows: the Faculty members of the College have organizational loyalty. There are differences between males and females in organizational loyalty and in favor of males. There is an organizational culture among the members, and there are no significant differences between them in the organizational culture. Based on the results of the research, the researcher has developed a number of suggestions

The Omani coast region witnessed many conflicts and great events, And competitions between foreign countries and local forces represented by the Arab tribes in the region, Therefore, it differs in its positions towards Britain so that it ultimately ends in favor of the whole Britain between World War first and the decision to withdraw in 1968 and achieve independence in 1971 Distributed on the Omani coast, which imposed a treaty of protection in 1922.
The study material was distributed to the research section into an introduction, three sections and a conclusion dealing with the first topic The conditions of the Omani coast before the First World War and the second section contained the Omani coast between the two world wars, The third topic, which sheds light on the political changes that took place in the region after the Second World War in achieving independence, the role played by Britain and the Arab trend in light of the internal conflicts. The study concluded conclusions.

This study seeks to clarify the grammatical meanings of the prepositions in Surat Al-Kahf, and to reveal the grammatical aspects that they perform in directing the text for the purpose that the addressee wants and enabling it in the same recipient, because of these letters of plurality and difference in meanings. Who revealed to us the miracle of the Noble Qur’an and its eloquence in the use of one letter without another, and what has a relationship in terms of significance and interpretation, and I have used the adoption of the descriptive analytical method to reveal the meaning of these letters and their connotations in directing the Arabic sentence in the Holy Qur’an, and the grammatical value that these letters have. It revealed to us: the aesthetics of expression, its secrets, the touches and the artistic images in it that indicate that this Qur’an is an artistic speech intended to put a precise position and weave a unique tight weave, so the study showed that the prepositions are a part of the addressee in directing the connotation.

This study deals with the study of Abu Muhammad Al-Jawini Al-Asooli, (fundamentalist),evidence of his biography, works, classifications and political attitudes, Sheikh Al-Jawini was one of the senior men of the Shafi’ite Al-Ashari in Nishapur in the fifth century AH / 11th century AD, and one of the scholars of jurisprudence and Hadith is from Ash'ari more than being a fundamentalist speaker, (mutaklem) In fact, no researcher tried to write about Abu Muhammad al-Jawinii Who received great attention in the Ash'ari Shafi’i literature and sources, especially when Taj al-Din al-Sabki in the major Shafi’i classes, The importance of Abu Muhammad al-Jawini comes not only from the teaching of the fundamentals, Hadith and the Qur’an, but also through his scientific trips between Nishapur and Khorasan or between Baghdad and Mecca, Among his most famous disciples was his son, Imam of the Two Holy Mosques, Abu Al-Ma’ali Al-Jawini the owner of the Dmiyat Al- qasr waessrh ahl aleasr, Abu Al-Hassan Al-Bakhrizi and others, As for his position on the Sultanate’s issues, two years before his death, Abu Muhammad al-Jawini had signed with a number of Ash'ari Shafi’is from the Shafi’i owners the complaint before the coming of the Canadian Minister and remained out of their literature due to the policy of intolerance adopted by the Sultanate of Tugrul Bey against the Al-Shaafa'i Ash'ari, Among these administrators who were given the strong argument from the Al-Ashari's Classifiers is Minister Abu Nasr Al-Kandari, which took place during the days of his son Abu Al-Ma’ali Al-Juwayni, Which was known by Al-Qushairi with(Shkayat Ahl Alsanat Bima Nalahum Min Al-Muhanna).

This subject (a mother in Modern Arabic Poetry ) is talking about the real meanings and semantics and tropes to the word (mother) in Arabic modern poetry , so this research is as a preface consists many parts, and the conclusion that followed by a list for the resources and the references .
These investigations are : objective comparison between the old poetry and the modern of mother meanings. the mother of children’s poetry . the mother as a ground and the motherland.
The presence of the mother and her absence in modern Arabic poetry. the legendary mother in modern Arabic poetry . the mother between loss and distortion.
‏ Although this research is an objective study, it is without prejudice to many critical and artistic criticisms.

The current study aimed at identifying the reality of using a virtual classroom in graduate studies programs, pinpointing the most important obstacles that limit its use; and advocating some suggestions to improve the level of use in the educational process, from the perspective of faculty members at the College of Education at King Khalid University. The study sample consisted of 140 participants, representing the research population in the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020 AD, were chosen as an intentional sample. The study used the descriptive analytical method in examining and analyzing the reality, shaping the theoretical framework, reviewing the literature related to the study topic, preparing its tools, analyzing and interpreting results, and from then making some recommendations and suggestions.

The current research is based on the level of positive thinking and academic motivation at the University of Wasit, and the current identification in the College of Positive Education and Academic Motivation for the research sample, as well as the search for differences in the level. Positive thinking and the level of academic motivation to a variable of gender or sex (male, female). The research sample consisted of (200) male and female students from the history department of the morning study at the College of Basic Education, and their number was (100) male and (100) female students. As for the research tools, the researcher adopted the positive thinking scale. Munshad 2013, consisting of (57) paragraphs divided into five areas (positive expectations towards the future - positive feelings - positive self-concept - life satisfaction - positive flexibility) Its psychometric properties were verified and it was ready for implementation. As for academic motivation, the researcher prepared a special questionnaire so that it confirmed its psychometric properties and it became in its final form consisting of (20) paragraphs, and the descriptive survey and correlative approach was used in the research to reach the required information that was processed. Through many statistical means, and in light of those treatments, the following results were reached: -The presence of a high level of positive thinking as well as academic motivation among the research sample of students of the Department of History in the College of Basic Education- The absence of statistically significant differences between the level of positive thinking of the research sample according to the gender variable (males and females), as well as the case between the level of academic motivation of the research sample in the gender variable (males and females) as well.- The existence of a positive correlational relationship between positive thinking and academic motivation among students of the Department of History in the College of Basic Education (the research sample)

Rashid al-Din al-Hamdhani is one of the great historians who emerged and excelled in blogging in the Mughal state, and moreover he was a seasoned politician who gained many political and administrative positions, known for being a Jewish man, then declared his Islam in the time of the Mughal Sultan Ghazan is another Muslim, and he won several ministries in his time, followed by Sultan Olgait, and then Sultan Lapi Said until his death in 718. Several

The study aimed to identify the social tolerance of displaced students and to make proposals that could be applied on the ground from the point of view of a group of specialized professors. Therefore, a sample of (60) students was chosen distributed among the departments of the college with (12) students per department, and after the distributing the questionnaire for the scale that was found Honesty and constancy to him. It were found that the calculated T value is greater than the tabular T value and this indicates that the students are socially tolerant and to achieve, as for the proposals of specialists, they were achieved by distributing a questionnaire addressed to (20) professors and after collecting these proposal, which emphasized holing conferences and seminars and strengthening the role of institutions religious and the role of worship and the media directed in spreading a culture of tolerance in all its forms.

The Islamic Sharia and its rulings that are in line with the interests of people in every time and place came through the overall rules or detailed partial rulings. Therefore, one of the most important duties was to know this wise law and to understand it, and this is important for clarifying the legal rulings in the new issues and facts by presenting them to the overall evidence and jurisprudence rules or attaching them to what is similar to what the scholars have stipulated. The observer of new medical issues will find that many of them have not been given a legal text to explain their ruling, so it is necessary for the scholars of jurisprudence to clarify the ruling in these issues, by looking at the jurisprudence rules that apply to medical issues and these jurisprudential rules testify to the validity of Islamic law for all time and place. It also places some restrictions on medical work so as not to deviate from the supreme goal of legalizing medication, and exposing the human body with its dignity. Therefore, my research tagged (medical development cases that fall under the rule of Not to harm anyone in any way، and it is forbidden to inflict harm). Hence the importance of the subject, as the rule of neither harm nor harm is considered one of the major jurisprudence rules, and it is important to link between jurisprudence rules and medical issues, especially issues that have arisen in this era.

Internet addiction leads to weak emotions and increased disintegration of the community. It also causes the spread of porn that has become accessible to all individuals, especially adolescents, and emotional equilibrium is one of the most important indicators of mental health for community members. High with their own problems, and this research aims to find the relationship between Internet addiction and emotional equilibrium for middle school students, and this research is determined by the fifth literary students, daytime study, in the city center of Baquba, dependent To the General Directorate of Education in the province (Diyala) and for the academic year 2018-2019, the research sample reached 200 students and the sample was chosen randomly. The research tools were the Internet addiction measure for (Young 1996) and the emotional balance scale for (Khalil, 2006) and the researcher extracted honesty and consistency For them, the research methods were the Pearson laboratories and the T-test for one sample to extract the results for the research, and the result of the research showed a negative correlation between Internet addiction and emotional equilibrium among middle school students, and through the research result a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.

This paper focuses on highlighting some important challenges and difficulties that affect the process of teaching human rights and democracy in Iraq higher education institutions. By using qualitative content analysis, it examines the strength and weakness of some textbooks used in teaching human rights and democracy. The paper concludes that the process of teaching these two significant courses needs urgent reform in regard to the textbooks, methodology and teacher training after many years of disregard and sidelining. The paper also notes that most of these textbooks have been written using very sophisticated and theoretical language with lack of practical approach. This made it more difficult to teach these subjects in the Iraqi higher education institutions.

The services of sport are considered one of the necessary activities, as well as being societal services that serve vast part of youth. These services are subject to many violations as a result of other usages and especially in the area of study which became without sport services. The ration of per person 2.71 M2 out of 7m2 and recession is 57% . the researcher is aided by Delvi technique to indicate the valuable places which are appropriate to be used for sport services and to choose the best in order to improve its serving level. This study follows the scientific procedure that are concerned with sources that have connection with the topic. In addition to designate questioning chart which includes some certain questions to group of experts with different specializations which has relationship with the topic in separately without knowing each other. After questioning tours the answers are evaluated.

The inference of the Noble Qur’an for the interpretation of its verses and its indications means the arguments and evidence from the Qur’anic texts and everything related to the Qur’anic text, such as the appearance of the text and its context, and the Qur’anic readings, which the interpreter adopts and relies on, in strengthening the saying that he deems appropriate to interpret the verse as an inference with what suits him.
In their interpretations of the verses of the Holy Quran, the commentators adopted exegetical rules, even if they did not state them, and the rules of interpretation are controls and matters by which one arrives at knowing the meaning of the verse and is based on it in the interpretation of the Book of God Almighty. On the strength of evidence and its significance, the rules of interpretation are the system of interpretation and its law for the commentators, so interpretation needs a rule and a guideline to support it and make it a correct interpretation.
And the inference for the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an is multifaceted, such as citing the text of a Qur’anic verse for another interpretation, or citing Qur’anic readings to explain the meaning of a verse, or evidence for the apparent meaning of the Noble Qur’an, or evidence of the Qur’an’s context and layout to clarify its meanings and show its connotations.

The linguistic structure and its impact on the formation of ijtihad tendencies raise an essential issue of the link between words and their meanings, which bears the indication of the importance of the link and the relationship between language on the one hand, and ijtihad tendency on the other hand, and this relationship has accompanied and this connection raised a central question in the language About its nature and origin, which indicates this question of the juristic position of the language between the one who says the language and the one who says the language is conventional. Whoever says stop at the beginning and switch to idiomatic after that, and dealing with this central and essential question was not a simple and hasty treatment, but rather the interaction was complex and deliberate, the language was returned to the original units of letters, sounds and words, and every language compared it With another language, to reach the origin of linguistic nature and the basis of its inception. These views on the origin of the language were not new juristic jurisprudence, but rather a report, of a previous linguistic effort, in the Arabic-Islamic text and the Greek text. And the basic ideas about the linguistic structure have not undergone many modifications, as the reliance remains mainly on the meaning and the pronunciation, from the angle that languages differ in letters, sounds and words, from one language to another, but they agree in the idea, meaning and necessity. This assertion about the advanced difference in the significance of sounds, letters and words, and the agreement in the significance of the idea, meaning and necessity, was offset by another direction. And both in the aforementioned issue of disagreement and agreement, and attention to the issue of the association of morphology and difference, there was clear agreement on the distinction between direct and indirect connotations. directly on the meaning, and this agreement explains the linear nature of the language, on the basis of which it formulated the ijtihad tendency, intentionally or unintentionally, its subjects. And if these trends in dealing preserved the essential from Aristotelian thought, they only made some interpretations

The dramatic (theatrical) text is considered a world of problems, signs and
connotations, as its characteristics are based, including personality in
general, and what it suffers from insecurities within that text, as it is
considered the main engine of events and among the personality types are
those that we coexist with in our daily life and which bear the
characteristic (duality) So the researcher studied this character dramatically
and divided it into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the research
problem based on the following question (What is the duality of
personality in the theatrical text Ali al-Wardi and his opponent), its
importance, the need for it, the purpose of the research and its limits, as
well as defining some terms in the topic of the research.
In the second chapter, the theoretical framework, the researcher reviewed
in the first topic the importance of personality duality in sociology, and in
the second topic the duality of personality within the global theatrical text
based on the most important global models from the Greeks to the world
stage, reviewing (authors) and models of their theatrical texts.
In the third chapter, the research procedures, as the researcher chose his
research community represented by the achievements of the biography
theater by the Iraqi playwright (Dr. Aqil Mahdi Youssef) and the research
sample represented by the text of the play (Ali al-Wardi and his opponent)
defining the research methodology, tools and methods, then he analyzed
the sample intentionally and in the fourth chapter the researcher presented
The most important findings and conclusions reached by the research, the
most important proposals and recommendations, reinforced by the search
for a list of sources and references, and a summary of the research in both
Arabic and English.

God Almighty has assigned his noble Messenger (PBUH) to the entire provisions of safeguarding his standing and elevating his affairs and distinguishing him from the rest of his creation by what is reported and the leader in his command and the judge between his creation in what trees between them. The verses of the book which are overlooked by her promises and stressed by the blame of reproach to ensure that his mercy (PBUH) does not correspond with the harm to them, and his side is not soft in their direction towards ingratitude. Secondary title, as may be Cm of the limits of literature parameters and save the right to deal with the hermit or father and the world and the teacher at the time of overlapped the border between the people and Stun the laws.

The current research aims to know the effect of the Trajist model in acquiring historical concepts among fifth-grade primary students in history, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following hypothesis
There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study history using a trajectory model and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject in the traditional method of the historical concepts acquisition test.
The researcher chose the General Directorate for Education of Rusafa Third, and by a simple random method, Al-Bashir Primary School for Boys was chosen, and parity between the two groups was conducted with some variables. The results of the research The students of A of the experimental group who studied history with the Trajist model outperformed the students of the control group in the test to acquire concepts, and at the end of the research the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals

There is no doubt that education is one of the noblest and finest professions, as it is the basis for forming a good generation through its various institutions.
Emotional intelligence is a precondition for developing and achieving our various mental capabilities, and simply we need to recognize our emotions and give our feelings and internal needs the appropriate description and appropriate designation, we need to activate ourselves and move all our internal capabilities such as internal energy, effort, discipline, perseverance, flexibility.
Psychological compatibility is a group of repetitive behaviors and attempts, which the individual conducts through interaction with the other, in order to achieve harmony and stability with himself first and with the other second and to achieve his goals. It appears in the extent of the individual's self-satisfaction, acceptance by others, freedom from sadness and failure, and self-acceptance.
This research aims to know:
1. The level of emotional intelligence of the stage teachers.
2. The level of psychological compatibility of the stage teachers.
3. The correlational relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological compatibility.
The main research sample consisted of (400) male and female teachers selected by the method of random sampling among primary school teachers. As for the tools used in the current research:
1- The researcher used the Emotive Intelligence Scale (Osman and Rizk, 2001), as the scale has psychometric properties, from the validity of its two types, both apparent and constructive, as for stability according to Gottman and Alfakronbach.
2- The researcher used the Psychological Correspondence Scale (Ejlal, 1986), in which types of honesty were extracted: among them are apparent honesty, constructive validity, and constancy according to Gottman and Alvackronbach.
Among the methods of statistical treatment using the following methods: the T-test for one sample, the T-test for two independent samples, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, the following results appeared:
1- Elementary school teachers have a high level of emotional intelligence.
2- The primary school teachers enjoy a high level of psychological compatibility.
3- There is a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and psychological compatibility among primary school teachers.

The research is concerned with employing the verbal clues (phonemic, morphological, and grammatical) to reach the intentionality of the Qur’anic discourse, and consequently , these systems collide in determining what the linguistic context is, and this is what the idea of the current research is centered on to reveal the mechanism of the dialectical relationship resulting from the interaction of these systems.

The research examined the problem of variation in the ratio of numbers of pregnancy to women, between Al-Ameen district and Al-Yarmouk district, because this ratio affects the growth and composition of the population. The ratio was (5) and (4), respectively. The hypothesis was based on three variables of women's social characteristics: profession before marriage, age at marriage, and educational attainment before marriage, The linear regression model of Al-Yarmouk containing the last two variables, while of Al-Ameen containing the first two variables, explaining the role of urbanization in variation of reproductive behavior in the search area

The Islamic intellectual movement was distinguished by the wealthy whose source formed the presence of a large number of scholars who added to this movement a lot through their intellectual activity. One of the media figures of the world is Yahya bin Youssef bin Yahya bin Mansour bin Muammar Al-Sarasri who represented a model of the conscious world that faced challenges before it was imposed He sought to defeat the attempts of subjugation imposed by the invaders. The titles in which Al-Sarasri was known for his personality and the scientific and social level occupied by this world and we are able to learn through it for his stature and importance. He devoted his talent and added to it the knowledge acquired by him that he had met at the hands of his elders, so that his work and the intellectual legacy he produced became a glossy image that reflected the most beautiful meanings of his existence .

Industrial Location in industry areas incites or out cities, that best kind of location industry. It has many caricatures from cost, External Economies, environmental. on necessary limited a suitable land to build industry locations, see pollution industry, some pollution, clean industry.

The purpose of current study is zoning and determining the concentration of heavy metals including Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), and Boron (B) in the groundwater resources of Al-Kefal area located around the area in the southern part of Babil governorate. The amounts of heavy metals in the collected samples were determined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. The maximum concentrations of Mn, Pb , Cd , Cu, Fe, Zn, and B were 6.0, 4.0 , 0.05, 1.6, 4.6 and 3.5 mg/l, respectively. The correlation analysis shows highly positive correlation between Cadmium, Copper and Iron, and Boron shows high correlation with lead. The area of Tarabls primary S 1 and well no. 14 recognized as a highly polluted by heavy metals. The results of PCA recognized three factors i,e, D1, D2, D3, based on factor loading and factor scores, D1 indicate that well no. 14 is highly polluted by Mn, Cd, and Fe , while D2 shows well nos. 3-6 and 12 are highly polluted by B and Lead, whereas, D3 recognized wells nos, 1 and 15 are highly polluted by Cu.

This research proposes a learners' needs analysis procedure that can be adopted before editing English textbooks, specifically for Iraqi vocational schools. The researcher explains the importance, the approaches and the procedures of learners' needs analysis, introduces a procedure that is thought to be practical and explains how it may be designed and/or developed. The main terms and concepts of learners’ needs analysis and those related to specific purposes have been defined. A questionnaire has been prepared by the researcher and then approved by experts as a research tool in its English and Arabic versions. Fifty vocational school teachers, supervisors and experts in education and curriculum design have been requested to fill up the questionnaire. The researcher accordingly identifies the results that, he thinks, can be of significant value for both textbooks designers and teachers.

The present paper aims at shedding a spotlight on a significant issue in the western life, namely eulogies which are important practices in the western community employed in a funeral of a deceased / living person. However, writing eulogy requires a specific stylishness inscription in order to serve specific functions and purposes so as to mitigate or soften the gloomy effects of the event on his/her family or friends. Metonymy, mitigation of apology and hypophora are regarded as linguistic devices to convey the profound meaning of the eulogist in an elegant way. Exploring these devices , identifying their role in eulogies and analyzing them linguistically are the principal objectives here.
The conclusions of the paper support the idea that the most prominent syntactic patterns of wh-questions are wh words (especially what?) Hypophoric question is used to get the audience's attention and make them curious. It may heighten the effect of the audience in such endearment.
Nevertheless, mitigation of apology with its expression categories happens to some extent in this study , on the other side , metonymy that strengthens the social communication and adds a kind of delicacy and floridness to speech , performs less emanate in writing eulogies as a linguistic device . In a nut shell, hypophoric open questions of (wh-) are outstanding forms of questions in eulogies that they allocate superior standing .