Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

Lady Chatterley’s Lover narrates a story of the relationship between an upper class married woman, Constance, and a working class game keeper, Oliver Mellors . However, this paper draws on Marxist feminism that explains women’s status and oppression form the viewpoints of famous philosophers as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles. In addition, it argues with the following questions: What are the class structures established in the text and what are the social binary oppositions between classes ? What groups control the economic means of production?

The study aims at revealing the rhetorical devices difficulties in developing third English novel students at the Universities of Tikrit and Kirkuk. The population of the study is 161 from third year English novel students in Colleges of Education for Humanities at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities, whereas the sample is 65 students. The questionnaire has been constructed and distributed to the third year students of English Department in the Colleges of Education at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities. the questionnaire of students which contains (20) items, to be answered by the third year students.
The novels that are included in the questionnaire are :
1. "Wuthering Heights" by Emily Bronte
2. "Great Expectations" by Charles Dickens
The face and the content validity of the questionnaire have been ascertained. It has been submitted to a jury of ten experts in English language . The questionnaire has been applied to (65) students in English departments at the Colleges of Education for Humanities in English departments at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities. In order to obtain its reliability.
Through the analysis of the results of the questionnaires. It has been found out that the students face many rhetorical devices difficulties in studying novel:
1. Difficulty in understanding rhetorical devices.
After the analysis of the results of the current study. It is recommended and concluded that rhetorical devices difficulties of novel should be focuse , explained , analyzed to students

Deictic expressions are important in language because they help speakers and listeners to realize the meaning of words and phrases in relation to the context in which they are used. By relying on shared contextual knowledge, deictic expressions allow for more efficient and effective communication. Deictic expressions are identified and analyzed according to Levinson’s (1983) and Crystal’s (2008). This study aims to explain the deixis utilized in Donald Trump's 2018 speech to the UN General Assembly which serves as the research's primary source of data. Accordingly, this study hypothesizes that Trump utilizes a variety of deictic expressions to maintain his communication, and that these expressions have a pragmatic effect on behalf of the listener. Based on data analysis, this research identifies (5) categories of deixis in Donald Trump's speech to the UN General Assembly: discourse deixis, social deixis, time/ temporal deixis, person deixis, and place, spatial deixis. There are 344 deictic expressions in this discourse. The deixis that Donald Trump uses most often, namely, personal deixis, has a frequency of 279 (81%). Overall, the deictic expressions used by Trump in his UN General Assembly Speech serve a number of purposes, including creating a sense of unity and shared responsibility, emphasizing American interests and values, drawing attention to key issues, and conveying a sense of urgency. By using these expressions effectively, Trump was able to appeal to his audience and make his message more memorable and impactful.

This study deals with analyzing bias in selected political speeches delivered by Donald Trump in different occasions from a pragmatic perspective, namely speech act theory. The reason behind choosing this topic is that it has not been given its due attention, especially from a pragmatic perspective, to the best of the researcher’s knowledge. The study aims at finding out the pragmatic strategies, namely speech acts that American politicians exploit to issue bias in their political speeches. Six speeches have been chosen randomly to be analysed as far as types of speech acts are concerned. Data analysis is followed by a table and a figure to illustrate the frequency and percentage of the identified speech act. Finally, there are the main conclusions that the researcher arrived at.

The implementation of inquiry-based teaching is a major theme in national science education reform documents. Science for All Americans (Rutherford & Alhgren, 1990) and the National Science Education Standards (NRC, 1996). This research argue that inquiry needs to be a central strategy of all science curricula. Using a learning cycle approach in the classroom helps to facilitate inquiry practices because learning cycles focus on constructivist principles and emphasize the explanation and investigation of phenomena, the use of evidence to back up conclusions, and experimental design. Although there are several variations of learning cycles, the one that is highlighted in this research as a method to support inquiry-based teaching is the 5E Instructional Model (Bybee & Landes, 1990). The use of this model in several science education professional development programs is also addressed.

The formation of diasporic identity is inextricably linked to the collective memory of home culture: its history and traumatic experiences. This study argues that there is a vast connection between diaspora and traumatic memories of the past and that both affect the formation of the exilic identity. It tackles significant concepts such as diaspora, displacement trauma, home, and nostalgia. This study focuses on the poetry of the Iraqi-American poet Dunya Mikhail (1965–). Besides, it discusses how Mikhail adopted a new type of poetry called Tablet poetry. In addition, it significantly shows how diasporic experiences and traumatic memories can affect the formation of the identity of first-generation immigrants. It contends that what happened in the past will affect immigrants in the present and that they will be permanently haunted by it.

This research is devoted to study the lexical ambiguity. By definition, ambiguity is a linguistic phenomenon in which a given text has more than one meaning or interpretation. Thus, this study aims for:
1. Assessing Iraqi university students’ ability to interpret lexical ambiguity at colleges of education/ English department in three universities Tikrit, Kirkuk, and Al-Anbar
2. Finding out the comparison of the students’ ability to interpret lexical ambiguity at both the recognition and production levels at the three universities: Tikrit, Kirkuk, and Al-Anbar.
The participants were three hundred and seventy-five undergraduate students in the fourth year of study in the Departments of English, Colleges of Education, University of Tikrit, University of Kirkuk, and University of Al-Anbar. The research was conducted during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The data was gathered by using a diagnostic test to assess students’ ability to interpret lexical ambiguity. The results of the study revealed that there are statistically significant differences among Iraqi university students’ ability to interpret lexical ambiguity.

This study deals with book blurbs. It aims to identify the ways in which science book blurbs differ from and/or similar to literature book blurbs and to explore what kinds of lexogramatical features are used in science and literature book blurbs. To meet these aims this study focuses on sixteen science blurbs in different disciplines involving (Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Medicine, Biology, Computer Science, Linguistics, Agriculture) and sixteen literature book blurbs in four different disciplines involving (Novel, Drama, Poetry, Literature).The data are analyzed based on Halliday’s transitivity system (2004). The results revealed that the most common processes that is involved in science and literature book blurbs are material and relational process. The texts of science are longer than literature book blurbs. Simple sentences (45.56% in literature, 53.7%in science) and active voice (83.6 % in science, 86% in literature) are the dominant structures in both disciplines. Finally Science and literature book blurbs have the same tendencies in applying transitivity systems.