Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences

The performance of electronic devices, especially computers,
depends on the efficiency of the electronic chips and Computer
processing units, which are mainly made of semiconductors, so
their working efficiency is inversely proportional to their
working temperature. Therefore, this paper presents an
experimental investigation of the design, implementation, and
testing of three cooling systems to maintain the temperature of
the processing unit as minimum as possible. The first is a
traditional system dissipates heat from the working fluid to the
air through a finned tube heat exchanger. The second
successive hybrid system was designed to integrate with the
first one in addition to a thermoelectric cooling system to cool
the working fluid. The third system included in addition to the
traditional heat dissipation one, an intercooler cylinder with a
large quantity of the working fluid in the main system beside a
separate system for cooling the working fluid using
thermoelectric cooling to ensure sufficient cooling of the
processing units when working at high frequencies by
providing a large capacity of working fluid pre-cooled to a low
temperature. Comparing the experimental results of the
cooling systems with the traditional one under the same test
conditions showed that the second system led to a reduction in
the temperature of the processing unit by 5.2%, while
employing the third system reduced the temperature to
11.3%., When the thermoelectric cooling unit operates at a
performance factor of about 1.76.

Turbo codes have been deployed in many cutting-edge
technologies because they can achieve very high coding
gains. Turbo decoders deploy at least two Soft-Input-SoftOut (SISO) decoders, which operate iteratively to
incorporate their results to conclude the output. The soft
outputs from the used constituent SISO decoders develop
gradually along the iterations. This development is studied
and analyzed in this work to understand the dynamics
leading to the results. Histograms statistically group and
visualize the soft results for further analysis and study. A
method is proposed to evaluate the decoding performance
based on the density of the values of the soft outputs within
the histogram. Results show that the performance is
inversely related to the ratio of the values of the soft outputs
within the near-zero bins within the histogram. The
proposed method can be deployed at the decoder to provide
an early indication of the reception and whether it has the
potential to be correctly decoded or not. This early decision
can save the decoding resources

The convergence of cloud and edge computing in smart
manufacturing offers significant potential for improving
efficiency in Industry 4.0. However, task scheduling in this
context remains a complex, multi-objective challenge. This
study introduces a novel Cloud-Edge Smart Manufacturing
Architecture (CESMA), leveraging a hybrid approach that
integrates NSGA-II and the Improved Monarch Butterfly
Optimization (IMBO) algorithms. The combination utilizes
NSGA-II\'s global search and non-dominated solution
capabilities with IMBO\'s fine-tuning and local optimization
strengths to enhance task scheduling performance. Where
CESMA combines the scalability and analytics power of cloud
computing with edge-based real-time decision-making to
address the dynamic demands of smart manufacturing.
Through extensive simulations and experiments, the feasibility
and effectiveness of CESMA are validated, showing improved
task scheduling quality, resource utilization, and adaptability
to changing conditions. This research establishes a robust
platform for managing the complexities of task scheduling in
cloud-edge environments, advancing intelligent manufacturing
processes, and contributing to the integration of evolutionary
algorithms for real-time industrial decision-making

Enhancing heat transfer, particularly through convection, is
crucial in various industrial applications, driving ongoing
interest in methods to improve heat transfer rates and the
efficiency of heat transfer equipment. Ultrasound has emerged
as an effective and reliable method for boosting convective
heat transfer, primarily due to the unique phenomena it
creates within irradiated fluids, such as sound cavitation and
streaming. In heat exchanges, where forced heat convection is
typically the primary technique, ultrasound has shown notable
effectiveness by improving convective heat transfer and
reducing fouling. This paper summarizes recent research on
the application of ultrasound in both forced and free
convection heat transfer systems, emphasizing studies
published in the past decade. Previous research has
demonstrated that the influence of ultrasound on heat transfer
varies significantly between laminar and turbulent flows,
necessitating thoughtful consideration in system design. While
progress has been made, gaps remain in understanding the
influence of flow rates across systems and the thermal
enhancement provided by ultrasound in gaseous systems.
Furthermore, most research is conducted in experimental
settings, highlighting the need for increased studies to support
industrial applications

This study aims to investigate the impact of various construction
methods on labor productivity in Iraq, focusing on traditional,
prefabricated steel structures, precast concrete, and mechanical
or self-build construction techniques. The research employs a
descriptive-analytical methodology, utilizing a structured survey
distributed to 200 participants from different construction
industry sectors, including engineers, contractors, and field
workers. The survey examines key indicators of labor
productivity, such as task completion speed, work quality, labor
costs, safety, and project cost.
The findings reveal significant differences in labor productivity
across the construction methods. Traditional construction
methods moderately impacted task completion speed and work
quality but were less efficient in terms of cost reduction and
safety. On the other hand, prefabricated and precast concrete
methods demonstrated improvements in work quality, safety, and
cost efficiency, although with some limitations regarding
flexibility. Steel structures offered enhanced durability and faster
construction times, while mechanical and self-build methods
utilizing automation significantly reduced labor costs and
accelerated the construction process.
Based on these results, the study recommends incorporating
modern construction methods, such as prefabricated and
mechanical techniques, to improve overall productivity in the
Iraqi construction sector. Additionally, it emphasizes the
importance of training and adapting to these advanced methods
to ensure long-term efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness in
construction projects

The detection of faults in electronic circuits is crucial to ensure the proper performance and reliability of electronic applications that utilize these devices. This work discovers, for the first time, that a direct tester board for fault diagnosis can be used not only for the intended measurement of current and voltage but also for studying the potential development of these magnitudes in inaccessible locations, as it detects register transfer level signals through oscilloscopes with low acquisition speeds. The experimental analysis carried out combines the use of commercial software with spatial distribution tracking and the exploitation of the sizes of network links in their computer graphical representation. The proper detection of malfunctions in electronic systems is crucial for enhancing their performance and reliability. We intend to explore the troubleshooting of analog electronic systems, for which we use wide-band direct tester boards. To evaluate its performance in routine practice, we perform experimentation using two different analog circuits designed. They consist of conventional operational amplifiers and element modeling based on equivalent resistance-capacitance networks. Given the procedure followed, commercial programs were used. Special mention should be made of the conclusion matrix, which is interesting when selecting suitable diagnostic parameters. The effectiveness of direct measurement based on integrated probes in the two projects, which allowed for fault insertion, was also confirmed. The results and discussions were enriched by the summarized experimental test report. The work concludes with a reflection on the relationship between this work and the existing state of the art, as well as the new challenges posed by international researchers