Hammurabi journal for studies

This study discusses the nature of the geopolitical transformations witnessed by the Middle East region, which suggests the existence of an effort to influence the maps of influence, and on the other hand this upward trend will have its effects in crystallizing the strategic perceptions of the Iranian vision in dealing with the current developments in the regional environment. Then the study moves to show how these new changes in the region prompted Iran to reinforce its pragmatism by impersonating an external behavior in line with the regional situation in the region to achieve its interests. The study also refers to the geopolitical trends of Iranian foreign policy in formulating a number of representations directed at rushing towards vital spaces in the region. The study also focuses on researching the geopolitical challenges that Iran is facing and hindering its capabilities in geopolitical collision areas.

Deterrence is the ability to prevent an opponent from acting or reacting, or a threat that aims to deter a state from aggression, as it does not back down from aggression, because the results of aggression are devastating for the aggressor party. It is a situation in which the deterring party directs a threat to the party to be deterred to harm its interests in the event that the party to be deterred carries out an action that is considered harmful to the interests of the deterring party.

The Sword of Jerusalem is a major variable in the regional facts in the Middle East, and it represents the loss of strength and solidity of the Zionist security theory at the same time. The depths of the region’s future regionally, especially after the attempts of Gulf normalization with a Trumpian imprint which intended to be a mean to revive the project of the century. The battle occurred at the end of Ramadan (the Sword of Jerusalem) can be considered as a second page after the great victories in 2006 of the Islamic resistance groups, and that all expectations point to tilting the balance in favor the forces of reluctance if the conflict flares up again.

The battle of Gaza (the Sword of Jerusalem) shows the vision of China and Russia towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as they enjoy good relations with both parties of the conflict, and this enabled them to present a vision for their project to reach a peaceful solution that satisfies both parties, stemming from their economic and political interests in the Middle East. China has a full vision via its project (the Belt and Road Initiative), while Russia is keen to maintain its geopolitical presence and its investments in gas of Syrian territory and Middle east. But both are facing the hostility of the United States, which seeks to limit their most useful role in resolving the crisis by supporting the political, economic and environmental dialogue for the Palestinian people.

Talking about Arab development is a scientific observation of a real event, whether the Arab’s harvest is positive or negative, but it is certain that there was phenomenon began before the preaching of globalization and the expansion of the theorizing of its goals and requirements of its objective embodiment, because of the special relationship that linked most Arab countries to centers Global capitalism in the industrialized West, without maneuvering, is a containment relationship that has left no space for independent development in the Arab world, meaning that the pursuit of development in this vital and important geographical space has begun to be polarized and globalized.

The study aims to study and analysis the nature of the internal and external challenges affecting the Iraqi national security, at all political, economic, security and social levels, as these challenges in addition to understand the nature of their risks, which helps to identify the mechanisms and means to fix them, or reduce their negative effects on the life of the citizen, and the entity of the Iraqi state. The internal environment variables and their interactions, in addition to the interventions of regional and international powers in a way that achieves their self-interests at the expense of Iraq's supreme interest, constituted a serious threat, directly or indirectly, to the Iraqi national security.

Diplomacy has an impact on the formulation of political decisions, as it settles disputes and crises that may erupt between countries. It also strengthens and supports international relations and has an important role in the scope of foreign policy. It is also a mean of political negotiation, and works to achieve consensus between the divergent views of countries, according to (good negotiations and mediation...). Diplomacy restores relations between states, no matter how complicated they are, and before they reach advanced stages of complexity. In other hand, negotiations are one of the diplomatic tools for implementing decisions regarding foreign policy and solving international political crises. As for diplomacy, it is the art of managing international relations and guiding them through dialogue and the art of international negotiation, which is carried out by the owners or persons of the diplomatic corps. All of this will become clear through the problem of research, which revolves around: what is diplomacy? What is the relationship between diplomacy and the art of political negotiation? What is the role of diplomacy in resolving international crises? What is the means used to end the international crisis? What is negotiation? What is the great role that negotiations play in resolving the crises between countries and hinder the development of relations between them? , and what are the new requirements that a diplomatic negotiator needs in the negotiating process?

Although the Russian policy is characterized by a kind of ambiguity and instability in its position towards international issues and crises. However, it is well aware of the importance of being present in the Middle East and the Arab world, especially since Russia is an effective economic and military force in many countries of this area, due to its arms exports and marketing to its giant oil companies that invest in these countries. Iraq is one of the most important of these countries that attract the attention of global and regional powers, due to its strategic location and the diversity of its wealth. However, Russia, even though it enjoys friendly relations and common interests with Iraq, is not able to budge the American and regional hegemony in the Iraqi state. Accordingly, it can be said that Iraq and the Russian Federation have a long history of bilateral relations, but that is not enough for Moscow to build strategies and achieve ambitions such as those in Syria.

The legal circumstances are the main reason that drives the administration to issue its executive decisions based there on , the change of these circumstances will motivate the administration to reconsider its previous decisions, as the latter is not permanent but is subject to the course of change, like any field of legal life, which pushes the administration to Harmonizing the legality of its administrative decisions with the new legal conditions, and the change in legal conditions takes forms, some of which are in the form of changing the legislation, such as issuing a new law or canceling a previous law, or it may be in the form of a change in the conduct of the judiciary through an interpretation of the law by the administrative judge in his jurisprudence. The stability of this jurisprudence, the administration issues its administrative decisions in accordance with this interpretation adopted by the judiciary, but in the event that this jurisprudence changes due to the practical reality of the principles of the judiciary, which is related to the interpretation or application of legal rules to which certain administrative decisions are associated, and this means that the administrative decision if it was It is legitimate in the light of the jurisprudence of the administrative judiciary, perhaps it will be different when the judicial conduct changes.

The necessity of compelling under the Real Estate Lease Law No. 87 of 1979 was previously limited to the landlord alone, and he was unaware of the compelling necessity that his married children have, as these children form independent families after their marriage and have a financial liability separate from their father\\'s financial liability of their father, meaning that he limited the right to claim renunciation of necessity The refuge is for the lessor alone, but with the final revision it also included his married children, and this passport was already in place under the old leasing law, and it was just changed. The shelter was originally intended only for the lessor, but with the final version, it was expanded to include his married children as well.
The legislator identified certain cases and considered them as compelling necessities and left the judiciary the freedom to measure them due to the new necessities after the contract and the importance of compelling necessity in terms of being renewable cases that allow the lessor to file a lawsuit and demand the vacating of the property occupied by the tenant because he or one of his married children has become in a state of urgent necessity.

Leave of all kinds is a right for all employees and it is not permissible to waive it is one of the universally recognized rights as it is approved by legislations that dealt with the public job. The leave is a conditional disengagement based on the law and the instructions issued. Accordingly, the job link does not break between the management and the employee during the leave period, and this results in the employee’s entitlement to all the rights assigned to the employees in the service, If it is the right of the employee, it does not only achieve his personal interest, but the administration\'s interest, as it gives him the opportunity to review the employee\'s work and discover what it could not discover during his presence due to his cover-up, and it provides the employee with the opportunity to face the social or personal circumstances surrounding him while he is in the service. And make him need it.