Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Current research aims at identifying: University Attachment among University Students. The Significant differences in university attachment among University Students in accordance with variables. Gender (male- female) Grade (first – fourth). University (Baghdad – Almustansiryah). Interest in Study among university Students. The Significant differences in interest in study among university students in an accordance with. Gender (male-female). Grade (first – fourth). University (Baghdad – Almustansiryah). The Correlational relation between university attachment and the interest in study among University Students. To achieve the research aims the researcher has developed University attachment scale after reviewing a set of previous litetures and collecting (32) items and computing the scales psychometnc Properties the scale has composed in its final version from (30) items, for the interest in study's Scale the researcher has adopted the Scale of Harachiewicz et al (2008) which consists of (8) items. the researcher added one item to the scale. To be consists of (9) items.
After applying the two Scales upon a sample of University Students (Baghdad and Almstansryah) Which has been chosen in arandan way- equal allecatioh it is about (300) Students. The Sample consists of (150) male and female Students from Baghdad University and (150) male and Female Students from ALmustanseryah University distributed between first and fourth gradesAfter analyzing the research data by spss, the research achieved the Following: There is no attachment among university students above the hypothetical medium.
There are significant differences in university attachment between male and female Students in favor of female Students. There are significant differences between Students in the first grade and students in the fourth grade in favour fourth grade students there are significant differences in attachment between Baghdad Students and ALmustansiryah Students in favor of ALmustansiryah Student. There is interest in study among University Students above the nhypothetical medium. There are no Significant differences in the interest in study between male and female students neither between students in the first grade and student in the fourth grade. for the differences in interest in study in accordance with university (Baghdad AL mustansiryah) , thy were in favour of AL mustansriryah University Students.. There is a significant rorre lalional relation between University attachment and interest in study among university students. In accordance with these results the researcher has presented several recommendations and Suggestions.

The context is an element which works out of the linguistic system that helps to understand the text and decode its symbols. It cannot be dispensed with in levels, and contributes to determining the meanings intended for it. As for the syntax text, it is a science and direction in the linguistic lesson whose ultimate goal is to understand the syntactic interconnections of a single sentence into a long or short chain of sentences that make up a specific text
The purpose of this research is to shed light on linguistic blog of Amali Al-Zajjaji, T 337 A.D. which includes mixed types of texts of Holy Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet and some selected words from the Arabs. And choosing the two elements of context and textual consistency as the focus of study and revealing the meanings of the words determined by the context and the position in which they appear. For their importance in revealing the meanings of the words determined by the context and the position in which they appear in the syntactic and textual studies and the basis for the connection between this sentence and that, with the specification of the addressee by standing on the grammatical contexts contained therein. The textual internal reference was the most frequently mentioned in this linguistic blog.

The current study aims to identify personal and social compatibility and its Relationship to the Control Center for the Children of Kindergarten. The sample included (100) children from kindergartens in the city of Baghdad. In order to achieve the research objectives, identifying personal and social compatibility after studying the theories and previous studies related to her research. Identifying personal and social compatibility in its final form (27) paragraph and gave each position three alternatives While Locus of control scale in final phase includes (10) items The researcher has verified the psychological standard characteristics The researcher has reached to the following:
ـ The kindergartens with preliminary age enjoy with identifying personal and social compatibility ـ The Adjustment personally et social concept among the kindergartens is not to be affected by the coefficient of type.
ـ The kindergartens with preliminary age enjoy with Locus of control (external ـ internal)
ـ The Locus of control external concept among the kindergartens is not to be affected by the coefficient of type.
ـ The Locus of control internal concept among the kindergartens is to be affected by the coefficient of type And for the benefit of females.
ـ There is correlation between the Adjustment personally et social and Locus of control (external ـ internal) among kindergartens.

Perhaps in the research, we are trying hard to study the argumentative narrative phrase in the poetic image, and to show the extent of the effectiveness of the pilgrims in narration, due to the absence of addressing this axis in most pilgrimage studies, which is its ability to prove that the poetic discourse possesses an argumentative characteristic that distinguishes it from the rest of the literary races by entering the world of the recipient and the influence In it and his conviction of the usefulness of his message while adopting the condensation, suggestion and symbolism, formative elements codify the dimensions of the poetic discourse, and it is not far from our minds that the Hajjaji approach has emerged in the form of complex and stable persuasion mechanisms on the level of linguistics or contemporary rhetoric, but we decided to support our research with new persuasion mechanisms that would start From the fact that literary discourse, especially poetry, is a dialogue discourse in which voices overlap and multiply by the heated conflicts that afflict the product of the discourse, so the field of pilgrims is dialogue and discourse where the faces of its use appear, and the methods of its operation are evident . As poetry comes out of the circle of lyricism into the space of narration / saying and from the aesthetic formation of the singular or the sentence refers to the ability of the poetic text to interrogate its product and to convey insights and ideas that are subjective and trans-subjective.

The current research aims to know the extent to which the fifth-grade reading book includes moral concepts and values, and to achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive analysis approach, and the research tool was a questionnaire of moral concepts and values, depending on the phrase that expresses the idea, as the results showed an imbalance in the inclusion of concepts and values in the content of the reading book for the fifth grade of primary school. And the researcher put forth a number of recommendations that call for training Arabic language teachers on how to convert content from words into educational positions.

This research reviews famous stories in the emerging of grammar so that we can detect the mystery that surrounds that emerging. It seemed that the need of the foreigners to adapt and seize opportunities in the new culture is what led them to try to learn and master the language. They had tremendous efforts in the establishment of Arabic grammar, forcing those who wanted to enter the field of this science to follow the rules on which Arabic syntax was built. Being skilled in Arabic linguistics had been in demand in order to gain opportunities to obtain state jobs and privileges in that era. Therefore, the track of studying and teaching Arabic was affected by the mentality of foreigners and their view to Arabic, and that path was the only one toward standard Arabic.

In the nineteenth century, women in Arab societies did not enjoy social rights. Kuwait's contemporary poet Fahad al-Askari, and one of the country's freemasons, went to the point of rejecting society in its struggle against the rotten traditions of its society. What Al-Askari has written in his Court about womanhood is divided into four categories: 1- Woman as true mistress; 2- Woman as the poet's imaginary lady; 3- Woman as mother; The most important question to ask is what image does Fahd al-Askari present to the audience in his poems? the results of this study show that since Fahd al-Askari never reached his true lover, the expectation of joining that lover was in his heart for the rest of his life, and the hatred of those who prevented him from joining in his poems surged; But the lady of the poet's imagination is the ideal woman who rescues her from the darkness and rises to heaven; the poet introduces such a woman as the food of her soul; But the woman as the mother is the only lover and lover who can share her glory, and the poet in the last part of his poems refers to the decaying traditions of her society, such as disrespecting the age-matched marriage of men and not freeing girls in marriage. Choosing their husbands, selling girls because of financial poverty, inequality between men and women. The author examines this issue in a descriptive-analytic manner.

(Not to harm anyone in any way، and it is forbidden to inflict harm), this rule and its branches are among the most important Fiqhi rules that medical worker، including doctors، nurses، technicians and others، must be familiar with and understand this rule، which is one of the most important legal rules that govern their work، and then apply and discipline its controls. The intention of those working in the field of medicine must be to calculate the wage and pay the harm، because work is worship، and work is a trust، and perfecting the work is part of the religion. A faithful physician should seek knowledge continually with humility، honesty، compassion، justice، and cooperation with other physicians. The doctor is the one who keeps the disease away from the sick. (The morals of a Muslim doctor، p.5). I touched on general ethics that physicians must observe in their behavior and when practicing their profession، and then I applied the ethics and profession of the doctor in light of this rule and its branches. I concluded that Islamic Sharia is a forerunner in explaining all the morals that should be followed by those working in the field of medicine، and it is the doctor’s duty to preserve human life، treat patients and relieve their pain، all as much as possible.

The current research aims to identify 1- verbal intelligence between bilingual children and children of one language 2 - verbal intelligence for bilingual children and children of monolanguage in the variable type (male - female), and to achieve the objectives of the research prepared the measure of verbal intelligence for kindergarten children consisting of (23) Paragraph where the researcher applied the measure to a sample of 40 children and children of children of Riyadh children aged (5-6) years divided the sample into two groups the first group consisting of (20) children speaking Arabic and Kurdish and group. The second consists of (20) children speaking only Arabic, the researcher used the T test for two independent samples to find out the differences between the two groups and the study found that there are no statistically significant differences on the score scale of verbal intelligence between male children and bilingual females, there are statistically significant differences in favor of males on the scale of verbal intelligence between children of monolanguage And bilingual children and there are no statistically significant differences on the score scale of verbal intelligence between male and single-language children

Adding sludge to the soil increases the ability of the soil to retain water when the levels of addition increase, especially in sandy soils, and this is due to the role of the decomposition products of these residues in linking the initial soil particles together, improving its construction, increasing its porosity and its aeration. The study concluded with many results. Perhaps the most important of them are:
The decomposition of organic excreta by means of soil regeneration is rapid and energetic, and it leads to a decrease in the bulk density of soft-textured soils, improvement of permeability, increased stability of aggregates, the ability of the soil to retain water, and improvement of soil construction.
The total evaporation rate gradually decreases with the increase in the addition of higher levels of sludge, which confirms the ability of the soil to retain water by increasing the levels of added sludge, thus improving the soil water properties.

My research study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to monitor and analyze the most important challenges that Iraq faced, and its importance was summarized in the impact of the global economic crisis on Iraq during a period of four years and the challenges that the Iraqi governments faced in this period by preserving the Iraqi economy, market prices and the unemployment rate as indicated in my research what was reported by the national press From the opinion of the Iraqi street about the global economic crisis and the transfer of the suffering of the Iraqi citizen, as well as the articles of the national press during that period the opinions and solutions to cross this crisis in a way that serves the interest of the country in general and the interest of the people in particular. King Faisal sought to avoid the effects of the crisis left by the global economic crisis with Nuri Al-Saeed by meeting with economists and finance experts from European countries to come up with a clear vision of the size and effects of this crisis and its implications in Iraq. International economic newspaper, including Al-Rafidan newspaper, Al-Nahda Iraqi newspaper, Al-Alam Al-Arabi newspaper, Nidaa Al-Shaab newspaper, Sada Al-Watan newspaper, Al-Thabat newspaper, Al-Bilad newspaper, and other national Iraqi newspapers.

This study aimed to find out the extent of employing teachers of the College of Education for e-learning in light of the spread of the Coronavirus. The study sample consisted of (50) faculty members at Anbar University who taught during the period of the Coronavirus spread through the e-learning system. The necessary data using a questionnaire whose reliability factor was (0,804) and was applied to the study sample. The results of the study revealed that the study sample's evaluation of the effectiveness of e-learning in light of the spread of the Coronavirus from their point of view was average, and their evaluation of the field of e-learning continuity, the field of obstacles to the use of e-learning, the field of interaction of faculty members with e-learning, and the field of student interaction in using e-learning was medium Therefore, we recommend holding training courses in the field of e-learning for both professors and students, and helping to get rid of all obstacles that prevent benefiting from the e-learning system followed, and the need to combine traditional education with e-learning in universities in the future .

This research studies the pragmatic mistakes by examining the structurally straight grammatical composition which were considered by the grammarians as an un useful lingual. The research followed an analytical descriptive approach in dealing with these grammatical compositions, in addition to a comparison held between the Arabic morphological theories to the contemporary Linguistic discourse. The research aims at crystallizing the concept of pragmatic mistake in order to reveal its roots in the inherited morphological theory and how such a mistake has been formed. The research is constituted of an introduction, then a pavement to the modern Arabic studies that describes the pragmatic mistake from a modern point of view. Then, the first part of the research studies the lingual treatment of the linguistic mistake according to the different linguistic trends. The second part lays importance to the pragmatic mistaken structures caused by the defective functionality of the communicative reference of the language. As for the third part, it is concerned with the study of deficiency in the speech coherence and its influence in the formation of the pragmatic mistake.

The religious influence constituted an important tributary that Adonis took from it, and to strengthen his poetry and to arrive his voice when he addressing the minds and consciences, which departed greatly from humanity, and tried to harm man by contradiction and difference, and Adonis was clearly affected in his poetry, by employing the greatness of God (Exalted be He), and to demonstrate his ability to deter people, with the miracles that have been achieved through the ages, and also some of the prophets had the prominent role in guiding people, and too the leadership effect that Adonis represented in them through the miracles that God Almighty mocked them as well as other matters related to religion we found in His poetry is valuable in guiding the speech.

The Young Mujahideen Movement is one of the Islamic movements that appeared in 2006, and it has a Salafi Islamist orientation that aims to establish a state on the basis of Islamic law. This movement managed to control most aspects of political life in Somalia, specifically in central and southern Somalia, and sought to impose taxes and fees. Zakat on Somali citizens, and the application of strict Sharia provisions in the areas under its control, and perhaps what helped this movement to expand and spread in Somalia is the deteriorating conditions the country is going through, as well as political instability due to the many conflicts over power, deteriorating economic conditions, the spread of ignorance, poverty and famine. Despite the rapid spread of the elements of that movement, it was suffering from a split in its ranks, there are those who wish to join the Al-Qaeda organization in order to benefit from its military capabilities and develop its combat methods, and other elements want to join (ISIS) due to the rapid spread of that organization, which led to the weakness of the movement’s strength, however, that movement continued to exercise its military operations in Somaliland in order to maintain its successes in the acquisition of large areas of the country.

The study deals with the definition of terminology and functional reasoning. It analyzes the structure of the nominal index and starts with the reference to it. It follows the grammatical views in the syntactic, semantic and deliberative levels, and the subject assigned to define the types of definition, analyzing the functions of each type in the associative structure and the nature of its external transmission, (Al-Khobar), in the original grammatical source and its definition. The analysis assigns the name defined by (Al) according to the Arabic grammatical theory, because the research seeks to investigate this phenomenon achieved in nominal descriptive structures in the light of a functional approach that begins with the traditional Arabic grammatical thought. It draws attention to the data of contemporary functional linguistics. It proceeds in the attempt to analyze the discourse from the sentence and the nucleus formed by the syllabus in a procedural framework in line with contemporary functional trends.

This research aims to project a test of the evaluation abilities and measure the level of these abilities among students of the preparatory stage and to identify the differences in the level of these abilities according to the gender and specialization variables, the sample of the study consists of (500) students of the preparatory stage. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a test of evaluation abilities consisting of (90) items and after applying the test to the sample and processing the data statistically the results indicated that the sample members have a high level of evaluation abilities and there are no differences in these abilities depending on gender and specialization variables and in light of that, the researchers have a number of recommendations and proposals

The phenomenon of infanticide of girls is a negative and inhuman phenomenon and we will highlight the reasons that led some Arab tribes to infant their daughters or even kill their children and from the tribes that used to do this to infant the girls are Rabia, Kinda, Tamim and some Quraysh tribes. It should be noted that the Arab society before Islam is based on the male element, which is the main condition of the family and its protection if it is exposed to a threat. On the other hand, The Arab tribes were proud of the large number of boys and preferred them to girls. This does not mean that these Arab tribes were practicing the phenomenon of infanticide. The reasons that led these tribes or their origins to kill may have economic, social or political reasons, which were the cause of this phenomenon, namely, infanticide.
However, there are many opponents of this negative phenomenon, such as Saesaa, ben Najia, grandfather of the poet Al-Farazdaq, and Zaid ben Nophil. In our research, we also address the emergence of many women who had a role in the social and political life of Zenobia, queen of Tadmur, and Ms. Khadija Bint Khoeld, wife of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be on him).

The current research aims to identify the effect of the rational and emotional treatment method. The scientist Elis in the psychological and social rehabilitation of patients with depression returning to (Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital) Baghdad, and the researcher dealt with a theoretical framework that includes all research variables In order to achieve the aim of the research, the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Scale was built, and the researcher followed the scientific steps in building the scale, as well as knowing indicators the validity and reliability of the scale.
A sample of statistical analysis of (150) was used from the depressed patients with one condition diagnosed with the lowest score
To implement the program on them, as well as build the treatment program according to the problems presented with the individual treatment method on the research sample, the results showed that the treatment program was effective In the psychosocial rehabilitation of people with depressive disorder.

This study attempts to assess the translation of metaphors in Elif Shafak's Black Milk using a framework proposed by Peter Newmark (1981). Both the original and the translated texts are evaluated according to Newmark's strategies of rendering metaphors in order to determine whether the metaphorical image occurs at the same level or differently and to assess the strategies and translations made by the translator and their appropriateness. Based on the findings, the results show that the most dominant strategy is the literal strategy by (55%), followed by the sense strategy by (15.8%), then there is the mix strategy by (7.5%), following that the metaphor deleted strategy and addition of (lexical ties) strategy by (8.4%), then there is the simile strategy by (4.1%), followed by the simile plus sense strategy by (3.3%), and the least dominant strategy is adaptation by (2.5%).

The present study is an investigation of affixation in English and Kurdish. It conducts a contrastive study of affixation in English and Northeren Kurmanji Kurdish with the aim of finding the similarities and differences between them. After describing and comparing affixation in both languages, the final finding of the study is that affixation is a common process in English which is done by using different types of affixes. Kurdish is concerned with different types of bound morphemes without paying attention to the process of affixation and the created words from affixes though both languages have the same ways of classifying affixes.

The novel Heart of Darkness is regarded as one of Joseph Conrad's highly skilled works and seen as an important tale written between the years of 1898 - 1899, and also viewed as an assault on imperialism and unethical behaviors of the European colonizers in Africa in the nineteenth century. The novel displays the author's humanity towards the crimes of the colonists and imperialists throughout the world. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad shows the cruelty of colonialism in Africa through his major character, Charlie Marlow, who realizes the cruel manners of Belgian colonialism during his journey to the Congo looking for the European ivory agent, Kurtz. This novel is a combination of two opposite things. It exposes the author's viewpoint regarding the ethics of the Europeans and the Africans. This research concentrates on the binary oppositions in Heart of Darkness through Marlow's journey to Africa and exposes Marlow's struggle between his human nature and his beliefs and replies whether his conflict will be effective and bring good results or negative.

Derek Walcott's book-length poem Omeros won critical acclaim soon after its publication in 1990. In this poem, the world of the Caribbean is linked with that of Homer by recalling the dramas of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey in a Caribbean setting. Africa is heavily featured in Omeros as most of the major characters of the poem who in one way or another go through the African experience. 'Return to Africa' is a recurrent theme in Derek Walcott's works. However, this kind of return is not for the sole purpose of finding their old lost homeland, but rather for establishing roots and maintaining identity for the characters. The purpose of the study is to investigate the poet's use of Africa in Omeros in association with roots and identity. The study argues that Africa is projected on all the characters to retain a strong link to Africa not as a surrogate home but as a place from which they get inspiration.

In this paper, multiple copulas in English and Arabic are investigated. It is argued that the copula كان ''kana'' in Arabic has multi categorial status. It can be a verb-type copula, tense-type copula, and descriptive - type copula. The three types of copulas are different words that have the same form, i.e., homonyms. The verb-type copula has verbal properties, whereas the tense-type and descriptive-type copulas are semantically empty. Becker's views in her papers English Has Two Copulas (2002) and Is isn't Be (2004) have been taken into consideration in this paper. Becker (2002, 2004) argues that it is usual for a language to have multiple copulas. This argument is supported and confirmed in this paper. The different types of copulas in some ayyas from the Glorious Quran are investigated with six English translations to show which kind of copula occurs more than the other types and how the meaning of copula in Arabic is translated into English. The results show that the descriptive copula in Arabic appears more than the other types (42.1%) then the verb copula (27.3%). The descriptive copula is translated correctly into present tense copula (58.3%), which is used for description and identification in English. The verb copula, which has different meanings in Arabic, is translated into different non-copula verbs in English (56.6%). Furthermore, the different types of copulas in Arabic are translated by using different structures. However, some translators succeeded to convey the meaning of the copula كان kana, but others failed to do that. In many translations, there is mismatching between copula in Arabic and English, which results in the semantic loss of the meaning of copula in the Glorious Quran.

In today’s society when smart mobile devices have become popular, the Internet is breaking barriers in time and space and has become a complete learning tool. Designing tutorials for digital education and the rapid use of technology tools, is a key topic for current information technology education. In this study, students are screened and asked questionnaires to understand the concept of digital learning. To successfully fulfill; the research objectives and to test the findings, in-depth studies are included in this study. A total of 116 students in four classes were selected as test subjects for teaching assessments. The findings of the study concluded that learning a lesson is more about learning than a culture of learning, a study that demonstrates positive learning and learning rather than a culture of learning, results, and motivation in looking for meaningful implications useful in learning and learning outcomes. It is hoped to integrate with the current teaching system and use the benefits of digital learning to develop an effective teaching system for effective teaching.

The current study aims at investigating Iraqi EFL learners’ knowledge and preference of language learning strategies. Data are collected using two self-reported questionnaires; a background questionnaire and the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL, Oxford, 1990) with some modifications to meet the needs of this study. The following questions are asked: 1-Are students aware of the concept of LLS? 2- If yes, how much they know about it? 3- What are the kinds of LLS they employed in their learning? 4- What are their preferred strategies? The questionnaires are submitted to a total sample that consists of 77 students. The results show that 80.5% of the students have no knowledge whatsoever about LLS. The rest of them (19.5%) shows confused and mixed information. Moreover, the metacognitive strategies are the most often used strategies with the highest “often” percentage of 53.1%. Next are the cognitive and memory strategies of 43.2% & 40.2 percentages respectively. These highest rates show the most preferred strategies used by the students in our department. As for the frequency of use, the metacognitive strategies are still the preferred and most frequently used with a total percentage of 92.6%. Memory strategies hold the second position with a total percentage of 90%. The rest shows the same range of frequency except the effective strategies that fall behind by approximately 10% to 15% less than the rest.

This paper discusses the scars of capitalism in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway and ‘Kew Gardens’. Following one day of the character’s life, the discussion will investigate how the novel and the short story introduce the capitalist ideology that dictates the character’s everyday life and how the characters, in different ways and to certain extents, react to it. In Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf depicts capitalism as an oppressive system that can be very rewarding to those who submit to its ideals and, at the same time, very catastrophic to those who try to confront it or question its validity. In ‘Kew Gardens’, the characters, affected by the looming war, try to come to terms with the meaningless materiality, the hollowness, and insecurity that capitalism produces; In both texts, capitalism is introduced as a tyrannous system that uses everything in the characters’ everyday life as suppressive tools to enforce its values and maintain its continuity.