Kerbala Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Monoester is produced as a consequence of the ester bond hydrolysis mechanism used by microorganisms to degrade Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Following its breakdown, this monoester yields alcohol and phthalic acid (PA). The current work was aimed to study the ability of P. aergiounas to degradation of hydrocarbons after determining the optimal conditions for the process. A sample of plastic water bottles was obtained from local marketplaces in Babylon city. Swabs were collected from the rumen of cows, sheep, and goats and immediately sent to the laboratory for culture. The swabs were placed on blood agar and subjected to incubation at a temperature of 37°C for a duration of 24 hours. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were classified based on their morphological and biochemical features. The present investigation revealed the optimal conditions for bacterial growth and cell proliferation. The current study demonstrates variations in cell counts at different pH levels (5, 6, 7, and 8) and temperatures (23, 30, 37, and 44) under varying plastic concentrations. The optimal circumstances for P. aeruginosa were a pH of 7, a concentration of 1ml, and a temperature of 37°C. The results demonstrate the capacity of bacteria to degrade by quantifying the viable bacterial population that grows on MSM. The viable count of Pseudomonas first grew on the first day and subsequently declined during the course of the experiment. The percentage of biodegradation for P. aeruginosa was 59.31%. It is concluded from the current study that P. aeruginosa isolated from the rumen of some ruminants (cows, sheep and goats) has the ability to biodegradation of plastic materials.

Background: Those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who participate in harmful behaviors are at an elevated risk for experiencing a range of adverse health outcomes. Methods :The study focused on clients diagnosed with T2DM at Al-Hassan Diabetes and endocrine Center (???? = 315). A Health Promotion Behaviors HPLP-ll and Demographic Questionnaire was utilized, and regression logistical was employed to examine the connection that exists between health promotion behaviors and the identified demographic variables. Results: The average score for practices that promote health was found to be (129.57 ± 19.383) indicating the poor average level of healthy behaviors. A significant negative correlation was observed between health promotion behaviors and the variables of age, occupation, and monthly income. In contrast, a significant positive correlation was identified between health promotion behaviors and educational level among clients with T2DM, as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. However, no significant relationships were found between marital status, residency, and health promotion behaviors. Conclusion: this study highlights that health promotion behaviors in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are influenced by age, occupation, monthly income, and educational level. A negative correlation was found with age, occupation, and income, while a positive correlation was observed with education. These findings suggest the need for tailored interventions based on demographic factors to improve diabetes management.

Among the most significant bacteria that cause urinary tract infections were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Psedomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes, all of which are resistant to numerous antibiotics. The continuous hunt for new sources of antimicrobials has been sparked by the rise of microbes resistant to common antibiotics. The leaves and roots of Alhagi graecorum and Matricaria chamomilla were extracted. Each plant extract\\\\'s antibacterial activity is assessed using the disk diffusion method.are used for detection Minimum inhibition concentration and bactericidal concentration. The ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla extract was the most effective against S. aureus and P. aeroginosa, while Alhagi graecorum extract was the most effective against E. coli, and S. pyogen, therefore a viable choice for defense against harmful microbes and can be utilized in the synthesis of antibacterial medicines. In broth microdilution method, the extract of chamomile leaves showed inhibitory effect and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as 13.88 and 15 mg/mL, respectively.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the bacteria that causes hospital-acquired illnesses that is most resistant to antibiotics. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of MRSA in the environment of two hospitals in Kerbala city: Maternity Hospital (MH), and Kerbala Instructional Pediatric Hospital (KIPH) from (beds , Incubators of premature infants, floor, tables, walls, and Kitchenware) from October 2022 to December 2022 to identify the source of spread to develop appropriate control measures. The isolates were identified according to cultural, microscopic characteristics, biochemical tests, and Api-Staph system. The results showed that the floors and beds were the most contaminated sites in the wards of MH. The highest percentage of antibiotic resistance in MH and KIPH was to Kanamycin 88.8%, and Lomefloxacin 54.5%. The contamination in MH was due to the high numbers of pregnant women and it` companions thus the lack of time available to perform infection control program as well as lack of interest in the cleaning the tables in the KIPH making them as a source of survival and proliferation of MRSA. This study reveals widespread contamination of the hospitals environment, highlights the complexities of the problem of contamination, and confirms the need for more-effective cleaning of the hospital environment to eliminate MRSA.

Background: Infection control strategies designed to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections can be grouped into two categories: vertical and horizontal. Vertical strategies focus on a single organism while horizontal strategies aim to control the spread of multiple organisms simultaneously. Objective: To assess nurse’s knowledge and practice of infection control strategies during work in primary health care. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative study design was conducted to assess knowledge and practice about infection control strategy among nursing staff in Imam Hussein Medical City. The study was initiated from the period of 8ht July (2024) to 19th September (2024). A non-probability (convenience sample) consists of thirty males and female from nursing staff. The data collected through the utilization of a questionnaire and, by an interviewing technique with the nurses. Content validity for the study instrument was determined by using the panel of experts to investigate the clarity, relevancy, and adequacy of the questionnaire to achieve the present study\\\\'s objectives. The results: The study findings show the nursing staff have a prominent level of knowledge and practice about infection control strategies in Imam Hussein medical city. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that there is an elevated level of knowledge and practice between nursing staff in imam Hussien medical city Recommendation: researchers recommended in importance to assess nursing practice to prevent infection transmission between staff and patients.