The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thirty-six local dose have been used and were divided in to three groups sacording to weight, in each group twelve dose. In the first group the weights of the dose were higher than ( 2.5 kgs) and less than (3 kgs). The second groups was higher than 3 kgs) and less than (3.5 kgs). The third group was higher than (3.5 kgs) and less than (4 kgs). The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of doe weight on her reproductive efficiency (gestation period, litter size, litter weight at birth and weaning, growth rate of offspring preweaning, conception rate and preweaning mortility).


The weight of the doe had no significant effect upon the gestation period and this period was 30.9, 31.2, 31.3 days for the three groups respectively, on the other hand the litter size was affected significantly by doe weight and litter size was at birth and preaweaning (5.1 , 5.8 and 6.2), (4.5, 5.3 and 5.7) for the three groups respectively. The offspring weight at birth and weaning was affected significantly by doe weight and this weight was (40.1 , 48.2 and 53.3 gms), (203.6, 227.5 and 233.8 gms) for the three groups respectively while the conception rate was not affected by doe weight. The mortility percentage in the prewaning period was not significantly by doe weight

From Ministry of Health records from 1989-1995, Giardiasis in human being was recorded between 4.3%-9.9%.


In comparison between years 1988 and 1989 with 1994 and 1995 in Baghdad there was a double fold increase.


The study followed up the disease in dogs.

Rabies is a highly fatal infection of the central nervous system which occur in all warm-blooded animals and transmitted by the bites of affected animals. The major manifestations of the disease include motor irritation and clinical signs of mania and an attack complex and ascending paralysis. Rabies and rabies related viruses belong to a group of more than 75 viruses called RHABDOVIRUSES (Rhabdo=rod) because of their bullet-shaped morphology. The virus is fragile, easily inactivated by disinfectants, and does not exist free in the environment. Instead, in the course of its infection in reservoir host species, it is shed into the saliva and is transmitted by bite. After entry into a new host in the bite site, rabies virus multiplies in muscle cells and aggregates around the proprio receptor nerve endings of their acetylcholine receptors and then spreads through neural pathways, all without stimulating an effective host immune response. Transmission depends on simultaneous delivery of virus to the salivary glands and the limbic system of the brain. Infection of the limbic system of the brain is the cause of the fury which drives the animal to bite. Infection of the salivary glands is the source of the large amounts of virus in saliva. This unique pathogenetic patterns leads to entrenchment of the virus in its reservoir host populations and to continuing risk of exposure of man. Dog rabies has been controlled globally by the use of potent vaccines and the application of effective urban control programs (poisoning trapping shooting). The problem that then remained has been wildlife rabies, primarily in wolves, foxes, skunks, raccoons as well as stray dogs. Therefore, a new approach to wildlife rabies control has been made which involves oral vaccination. Several successful trials were attempted in Switzerland, West Germany and the U.S.S.R. Rabies control efforts in the developing countries did little to really reduce the incidence of the disease. Therefore, mass vaccination of dogs and the elimination of strays coupled with the oral vaccination (recombinant vaccinia vaccine) of dogs so that the population of susceptible stray dogs can be immunized.

The vascular pathways of the pituitary gland in the donkeys was studied. The contribution of the arterial blood supply of the pituitary gland was described. It was found that the portal vessels of the pituitary gland were originated from the vascular arches, which is found between the pars tuberalis and the infundibulum. These vessels have different extensions and branched in different regions of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Pancreatic islets of Turkey were different from those of mammals. It is divided into alpha, beta and mixed types according to the ground of cellular composition. The alpha islets are composed of A-cells and D-cells. Whereas the beta islets are composed of B-cells and D-cells. The mixed islets were composed mainly of B-cells, a few D-cells and A-cells. APP cells were not obvious.

In order to demonstrated the pathologic changes and immune response of Brucella aboruls strain 19. Vaccinated guinea pigs were experimentally infected With Nocardia asteroides, 24 guinea pigs of both six were divided into four equal groups. The first group was inoculated sub-cutaneously with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. The second group was inoculated inuapulmonary with 1 X 103 C.F.U of viable Nocardia asteroides. Thirty days post-inoculation the first, second and third groups were challenged intrapulmonary with 2.5 K 109 C.F.U. of Nocardia asteroides, the last group served as control. The results showed that mortality was 100 % in non~ vaccinated -animals, 33.4 % in immunized animals with Nocardia asteroides and zero in Brucella abortus vaccinated animals.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of fish meal on the incidence of gizzard lessions and ulcerations and percentage of mortality. A totla of 348 day old chicks were randomaly assigned to the three treatment (treatment represent 0.0 , 6.6 and 13.3% fish meal ) with four replicates per treatment. Chicks were fed ad libitum from day-old to 7 weeks of age.


The results of this experiment indicated that the correlation coefficients between scores of infection severity and body weight, weight gain , feed intake and feed conversion ratio was —0.750, -0.750, -0.494 and 0.177 at 4 weeks of age, but it was -0.877 , -0.858 , -0.764 and 0.795 at 7 weeks of age respectively.


The percentage of infection was 0.0 , 25 and 75% While, the infection severity was 0.0 , 1.3 and 3.0% . However, percentage of mortality was 1.80 , 5.0 and 12.5% for birds fed on diet containing 0.0 , 6.6 and 13.5 % fish meal respectively.
It can be concluded that the increasing this kind of fish meal in the diet up to 13.3% 1ed to depressed broiler performane due to gizzerosine factor, which is resulting from the high temperature that had been used in fish meal processing.

Adult white swiss mice and- laying hens were used to study the adrenal medulla. Samples of adrenal glands were collected and fixed in formal ~ dichrornate solution and six micron thick sections were stained by Harris H & E. Light microscopic observations reveal that adrenal medulla of both White Swiss mice and laying hens were built up of two types of chromaffin cells, without any characteristic features of zonation. In laying hens : our data revealed that mednllary tissue was intermingled with the cortical one and the adrenaline cells were mainly distributed in the subcapsular region, While large central vein was seen in the medulla of white Swiss mice surrounded mainly by noradrenaline cell.

Interstitial renal necrosis syndrom (IRNS) was diagnosed in calves sloughtered in Mosul sloughter house. Gross and microscopical picture of 33 affected animals were described. The lesions were identified according topathomorpholgy of tissue reaction. Two patterns of tissue rections were observed. The lesions of the first pattern showed grossly an oval, greyish white translucent nodules on the surface of kidney. Microscopically, cells like lymphocytes and few plasma cells were aggregated in the interstitial tissue. The lesions of the second pattern comprised grossly a milliary yellowish-white nodules on the surface of the kidney and on cut sectionforming extention in the depth of the renal cortex. Microscopically, the infiltrated cells were mainly neutrophils, macrophages and few lymphocytes, the possible causes of this syndrom was discussed.

The complement fixation test (CFT) and the direct fluorescent antibody test were used for detecting anti Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera obtained from 143 sheep and 44 goats. Complement fixing antibodies were detected in 38 (26.2%) for sheep sera and 24 (54.5%) of goat sera tested by CFT.


On the other hand, 26(18.2%) of sheep sera were positive by the FAT. The combined use of CFT and FAT allows the differentiation between an acute or latent T.gondii infection.

A clinical conditions resembling infectious laryngotracheitis were diagnosed amongst 20,000 , 18,000 , 16,000 and 17,500 respectively, 28-30 weeks old, ISA brown layers.


The hens had nasal discharges, moist rales, coughing and gasping. Hemorrhagic mucous was ejected during sneezing, lacrirnation, conjunctivitis with facial swelling with eyes partially or completely" closed.


Postmortum examination of dead and affected hens revealed hemorrhagic tracheitis with thin pseudomembrane formation. The larynx, congested with petechia on mucous membrane, Infraorbital sinus contained clear thick fluid.


Histopathological examination of trachea showed hypertrophy, of epithelial pseudostratification of the mucosal cell surface, extensive hemorrhages and desquamative necrotizing tracheitis with


mononuclear cells infiltration. Multinucleated gaint cells in theciliated epithelium containing round, oval shaped intranuclear A
inclusion bodies. The lamina propiia shows edema, marked‘ congestion with lymphocytic infiltration.A presumptive diagnosis of laryngotracheitis was made.

Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups. The first group was closed orally with quassin, the second group was dosed with quassin after the gut flora were suppressed by difierent antibiotics, and the third group was served as a control. Food intake, water intake, and change in body weight were measured daily before dosing, during two weeks of dosing, and during one week after stopping dosing. Two eats from each group were killed at the end of each week, and stomach, liver, and kidney were collected for histopathologic examination.


The results show a significant decline in daily food intake and daily change in body weight, and a significant increase in daily water intake in both dosed groups during the dosing period. Microscopic lesions were seen in the kidneys of both dosed rats group killed at the end of first and second week

The thyroid gland of Moorhen has two separated lobes. These lobes were located in the throracic inlet and receive blood supply from the cranial, middle and caudal thyroid arteries.


The histological organization of the thyroid gland in Moorhen is surrounded by a distinct connective tissue capsule and the parenchymal cells were arranged into colloid filled follicles enmeshed in the highly vascular interstitial connective tissue. The bilaterally paired, round to oval, parathyroid glands in Moorhen were located intrathoracically near or close to the caudal pole of the thyroid glands. They receive blood by short branches from caudal thyroid artery and small branch from the common carotid artery.


The parathyroid glands in Moorhen have a thin connective tissue capsule. Its parenchymal cells were arranged into an irregular, anastomosing cords of chief cells. No oxyphil cells were found in the parathyroid glands of Moorhen.

The efficacy of invermection in treatment of an outbreak of mange Moritanin and local adults caused by Sarcoptes Scabiei Var Carprae mites was studied


Invermection was given S/C at a dose rate 0.2 mg/kg. body weight twice at an interval of 14 days for 20 infested Moritanin adults and 20 local adults goats. Invermection was 100% effective, and all goats were in good condition after treatment.

The eyes of 50 fishes (Mystus pelusius) were located in protective myodome of the skull and were basically made up of an elongated globe. The comeal epithelium was composed of stratified squamous non-keratinized. The iris bends sharply inward over the lens and consisted of richly vasculared connective tissue stroma and a pigmented epithelium. The sclera was cartilaginous. The choroid was made of connective tissue and containing choriocapillaris. Longe single, short single and double cones and rods was the characteristic feature of the retina.

The present study was carried outinHaWija District and surrounding villages. Three villages were chosen (Al-Kadhemia,Sader A1-Naher, A1-Ameniea). The high incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was during the Winter months (December 1996 to March 1997). The total positive cases were 227 ( 111 males and 116 females). The highest incidence rate was among childeren fiom 1-10 years old.


Intralesional mannitol solution was shown to be more effective ( 93.89% ) than Hypertonic Sodium Chloride 7% (HSCS) ( 87.50% ) but almost identical to pentostam ( 96.20% ). Most of lesions were cured in first and second injection, in all three treated groups but few of them needed the third injection. In all three treated groups, the scar was absent


or minimum afier healing. None of the control lesions cured-within 6-8 Weeks.
It is concluded that 20% rnannitol is aneffective local method of treatment for acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. The efficacy of 20% of mannitol is identical to pentostam and greater than 7% “ HSCS”. i