Al-Ameed Journal for Medical Research and Health Sciences

Introduction: Periodontal Pockets are pathological spaces located between the teeth and the adjacent soft tissue. Some Periodontal pockets asymptomatic, while others my have significant symptoms. Patients with active periodontal pockets may feel pain, bleeding and swollen gingiva (adjacent to pocket). These symptoms appear because of a microbial invasion to this space and the accumulation of food debris.
Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of diode lasers in relieving the symptoms of active periodontal pockets.
Materials and methods: The method is based on irradiating the active periodontal pocket by using 980 nm diode laser
and recording the condition of the patients before and after laser therapy. Ten patients visited the dental clinic suffering from various degrees of pain, bleeding, gingival swelling, and bad odor (active periodontal pocket symptoms). All those patients were subjected to the same laser protocol. The laser beam was used to irradiate the infected periodontal pocket to eradicate the microbes, removing the infected epithelial lining, and enhance tissue healing. All the patients came to the dental clinic two weeks later for evaluation.
Results: The diode laser showed good results in relieving the pain and reducing gingival swelling and bleeding with
about 90% of the patients feeling better. Nine patients felt no pain after laser therapy, the gingival swelling and bleeding started to decrease gradually and disappeared completely after 15 days.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the diode laser was a good choice for relieving active periodontal pocket symptoms.

Nursing is now a diverse, highly trained, and specialist workforce, the largest in health care by a significant margin.
The representation of nurses at the global, national, and local levels will ensure that nurses contribute to the formulation of policies and strategic development. Nurses face a myriad of challenges worldwide, for example, the shortage of nurses' workforce, negative effects, concerns about the generation of force, changes in delivery systems, and an increase in the complexity of clinical practice. The issue of resilience in nursing is worrying because it places individuals in charge instead of organizations and governments, and the responsibility for finding solutions is a single one. Nurse creativity plays an essential role in health and well-being. Nurses account for 80% of primary care, so they are strategically placed to provide creative solutions to global health's current and future challenges. To overcome these challenges and build a more human and compassionate health system, visionary and strategic thinking that focuses on the well-being of patients is necessary.

Drug delivery systems (DDS) refer to technologies designed to improve the safety and efficacy of drugs by controlling
their release, absorption, and distribution in the body. DDS has gained significant attention due to its potential to
enhance the therapeutic outcomes of various drugs. This mini-review article provides an overview of the current status of DDS. The article begins with a brief introduction to DDS, highlighting its importance in drug development and delivery. It also provides a historical background of DDS to provide context to its current developments. Next, the mini review focuses on the various types of DDS, including oral, transdermal, injectable, inhalation, and implantable delivery systems. Each system is discussed, highlighting its advantages and limitations. The article then provides an in-depth discussion of recent advances in DDS, with particular emphasis on nanoparticle-based DDS. It covers the latest developments in smart, targeted, 3D printed, and controlled DDS, and highlights the challenges and future directions in these areas. Additionally, the article explores the safety concerns associated with DDS and the regulatory challenges in DDS development and approval. Finally, the mini-review concludes by discussing future trends in DDS and their potential impact on drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Overall, this mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of DDS and its potential to revolutionize drug delivery.

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with un-expected complications. Diabetic patients are
more susceptible for lower limb complications.
Importance: Peripheral gangrene may be associated with COVID-19 in diabetic patients.
Case presentation: We described one diabetic patient with COVID-19 associated peripheral gangrene (PG) in lower
limb. A 56 years old female patient with type-1 diabetes tested positive for COVID-19. She suffered from PG in her left
foot. Hematological, biochemical, Doppler sonography, echocardiography (Echo) and electrocardiogram (ECG) tests
were done for diagnosis and evaluation of the case. General checkup indicated presence of an abscess in her foot. Later, abscess drainage surgery was done. Unfortunately, her foot showed digital necrotic advanced to PG. The affected patient's foot eventuated to digital amputations.
Clinical discussion: PG correlated with leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinopenia and high levels of D-Dimer, ferritin,
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) & C-reactive protein (C.R.P). In accordance, it associated with low levels of saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) and anemia. On the other hand, the patient had normal Echo, ECG and platelets (PLT) count. Patient's HbA1C levels indicated good control of hyperglycemia. Poor prognosis associated with thrombotic events and coagulopathies could enhance the severity of COVID-19 and negatively impacted on its complications.
Conclusion: Even good control of hyperglycemia, COVID-19 as a thrombo-inflammatory disease may induce PG and
digital amputation in diabetic patient.

Knowledge is the base for adequate practice, especially for students nursing. Preparing qualified nurses required
merge theoretical and clinical parts to provide a competent care. Nursing schools and institutes are challenged health care systems, shortage in nursing staff, diverse population, and limited sources. This study aimed to assess nursing students knowledge about preventive measures of COVID 19 transmission in order to evaluate their readiness to work in hospitals. Descriptive cross section study, conducted in Iraq region during the period of COVID 19 epidemic. A purposive sample of (900) nursing student, from different nursing institutes were participated during April 2020. The current result documented, more than of participants were studying at college of nursing, and updating their knowledge about COVID 19 mainly through scientific website, the finding revealed most of nursing student knowledge was good. In addition, a significant association among student level, institute type, and source of updating with students’ knowledge about methods of prevention to transmit COVID 19. In the summery of the study, nursing students were qualified with adequate knowledge that required to take care of patients in hospitals.