Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

The date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. is infected by many insects and non-insect
pests in Iraq. One of the major pests of palm trees is Dubas Bugs Ommatissus binotatus lybicus Deberg. .
This study was carried out in two orchards in terms of Albahadlah - the holy
city of Kerbala (the distance between them is about 3 kilometers ) for the period from
09/01/2013 up to 03/04/2014 to study the effect of temperature and relative humidity
levels as well as insecticides (plant extracts) Thiamethoxan WC and Alphacypermethrin EC on numerical density of the number of eggs and movable stages (nymphs
and adults) as well as on the percentage of male and female Dubas on the palm of the
two categories Zahadi and Khstawe on field conditions.
The results showed an increase numerical density when the average temperature
is between 25-33 C° and relative humidity between 30-50% and the heavy torrential
rains during the implementation of this study impact in reducing the population density of the instars of moving the insect did not eggs developed by former female
preparation affected. The absence of significant differences between the preparation
of movable instars rates and the number of eggs for the two categories Zahdi and
Khstawe It was noted, but there were significant differences between female adult insect for two classes Zahdi and Khstawe if the overall rate of female adults is
2.26,2.48 Females / 5 Pinnaes / Palm / week for two classes Zahdi and Khstawe
,respectively and the total rate of male adults is 1.86,2.14 Males / 5 Pinnaes / Palm /
week for two classes Zahdi and Khstawe ,respectively . As well as the results showed
the existence of significant differences between the effect of pesticides on the overall
rate of live stages of the two categories Zahdi and Khstawe and the presence of significant differences dead stages is 4.56 insects / Pinnae of the variety and ascetic 3.26
insects / 10 pinnaes. When the percentage of the effectiveness of insecticides account
and found that the percentage of the effectiveness of Alphacypermethin was 19.34%
and for Thiamethoxan is 40.78% and the latter was more the effect of the pesticide
after 24,48 and 72 hours of control. The decline in the percentage of females and
males before control, as was 64.58% for females and 35.42% for males of the variety
Zahdi and 59.61% for females and 40.31% for males of the variety Khstawe for increase after the fight, as was 48.26% of females and 26.04% for males of the variety
Zahdi and 45.24% for females and 29 0.51% for males of the variety Khstawe.
The results of the effect of insecticides on the population density of the number
of eggs did not record any significant differences evident between times beyond con-trol but they differ significantly on the number of eggs living and the dead by the
control

This study was conducted to isolate and identify some bacterial species from the
soil surrounding the roots of some weeds Avena fatua L . and Raphanus raphanistrum L. and to test their antagonistic efficiency in the inhibition of egg hatching
and the vitality of juveniles of root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. in addition to
their efficiency in some of growth parameters, severity of infection and root gall index in tomato plants.
Results showed the possibility of isolated bacteria to dissolve phosphorus and
production of oxidase and chitinase enzymes as well as its ability to tolerate the salinity and liquefy gelatin in addition to its ability for transition movement. Laboratory
results were indicated that P. flurescens, Azotobacter .chroococcum and Streptomyces
spp. were effective in reducing the percentages of hatched nematode eggs, during 72
hours, that were 58.88, 37.46 and 45.50%, respectively.
It was also found that the percentage of egg hatching reached 64.07% upon using
the bio-mixture that significantly differed from the control treatment that was 0.00%.
The results of field trials showed that the treatment of seed witht the genaus of bacteria led to raise the percentage of germination in all treatments compared to the contro
ltreatment that gave germination percentage of P. flurescens 85.0%, followed by
treatment of the bio-mixture (83.3%), however no significant difference were observed between the P. flurescens treatment and the treatment of bio-mixture.
It was also noticed that the treatment with P. fluorescens gave less disease index
(1.9%) followed by the treatment with bio-mixture (2.27) and then the bacteria Streptomyces spp., whereas the highest disease index (3.59%) was found when treating
with the bacteria Azotobacter . chroococcum.. Results obtained in this study indicate
the possibility of the use of aforementioned bacteria in integrated pest management
programs to control the root gall disease in tomato.

This study was undertaken at the Ruminants Researches Station (20 km west of
Baghdad) pertaining to the Directorate for Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture, Reproductive laboratory at the College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad as well as Laboratory Bridge Musayyib specialist to technology and bio-analysis
and molecular genetics, and analysis of molecular genetics from 01/03/2015 to 15 /
01/2016 .The aim of this study was Relationship of DRB1 polymorphism with production and composition of milk. Affected Daily and total milk production and the
percentage of fat in milk was significant (P≤0.05) depending on the different phenotype DRB1 gene, but the length of milk season and other milk components were notsignificantly affected by different phenotype appearance of the gene . It can be concluded through the study of polymorphism of the gene DRB1 revealed possibility of
adopted them in sheep improvement strategy to increased the milk production in the
breeding schemes, by selecting and crossing the highly growth lambs genotypes or
phenotypes. the best growth of the lambs and attention also to study the application of
a larger sample and for several seasons productivity would give more accurate results
for the application of exclusion and replacement strategy.

This study was undertaken at the Ruminants Researches Station (20 km west of
Baghdad) pertaining to the Directorate for Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture, Reproductive laboratory at the College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad as well as Laboratory Bridge Musayyib specialist to technology and bio-analysis
and molecular genetics, and analysis of molecular genetics from 01/03/2015 to 15 /
01/2016 .The aim of this study was determind polymorphism of gene DRB1 and relationship of this polymorphism with some growth traits.The distribution percentage of
polymorphism of gene DRB1 in ewe's sample were 22.50 and 42.50 and 35.00% for
each of the alleles A, B and C respectively. The variation among these percentages
were highly significant (P≤0.01) showing that effect phenotype of gene DRB1 in on
lambs birth , weaning weight and increase the weight gain was significant (P≤0.01),
the body dimensions of the lambs at weaning did not affected by phenotype of the
DRB1 gene with the exception of their dams chest circumference (P≤0.05). It can be conclud through the study of polymorphism of the gene DRB1 revealed possibility
of adopted them in sheep improvement strategy to increased the economic gain in the
breeding schemes, by selecting and crossing the highly growth lambs genotypes or
phenotypes, the best growth of the lambs.

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of hemoglobin type
with the reproductive performance in Holstein cows for selection purposes. This
study was executed at the Dairy Cattle Farm and Physiology Laboratory pertaining
to the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, as well as in private molecular genetics laboratories during the period from 1/11/2013 to 1/11/2014. Blood
samples were collected from 40 Holstein cows, and the hemoglobin types were identified using electrophoresis technique. Records were obtained for cow's reproductive performance and their birth death data until weaning. The effect of hemoglobin type on service per conception, interval between calving and subsequent
successful mating and non-return rate to estrus was significant (P≤0.05), being all
better in AB type. Greater (P≤0.01) variation was noticed in calving interval trait
among the cows, being shorter in AB type. On the other hand, higher and lesser
(P≤0.05) calves death rates at calving (2.95 ± 0.04 and 1.37 ± 0.04% respectively) were detected in those with B and A types respectively. Moreover, death rates
at calving to weaning interval were also influenced by hemoglobin types, being
higher (P≤0.05) in B type (9.82 ± 0.07%), along with non-significant differences
detected between A (4.69 ± 0.07%) and AB (5.08 ± 0.04%) types. In conclusion,
the hemoglobin type can be adopted type of hemoglobin can adopted as selection
tool to improve the reproductive performance of Holstein cows, through selecting
those with AB type to maximize the economic gain of their breeding projects.

Pineapple juice extract are used at a diluted concentrations ( 0.0001,0.0005,0.001
,0.002, 0.005 and 0.01 )C³/L , to remove the sticky substance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) eggs, compared with the traditional method (fertilizing solution
and 0.5 g tannine/L. water).The results indicated the possibility of using the extract
at concentration (0.001 ,0.002,0.005 and 0.01) C³/L , without any adhesions with
higher fertilizing and hatching rate in the concentration ( 0.005 and 0.01) C³/L than
that of the traditional method which has no significant differences with the concentration( 0.001 and 0.002) C³/L. Also the result showed a short period of hatching in all
the experimented concentration of Pineapple juice than the control treatment

The study was 578 recordes to 407 ewes for growth traits (Birth weight , Weaning weight and average daily gains) carried out at Sheep and Goat breeding Station,
State Board of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture in Agargouf (25 km
west of Baghdad) during of five years from (2010-2014).The objective of this study
was effect of some factors in growth traits.The overall mean were Birth weight ,
Weaning weight and average daily gains 3.76 ± 0.05 , 22.32 ± 0.19 and 18.56 ± 0.26,
respectively.The results revealed were no significant effect of the breed group and
sex of lamb in growth traits between sheep born of Turkish and Local Awassi. Type
of birth and Lambing year had highly significant (p<0.01) in growth traits. Month of
birth had highly significant (p<0.01) in birth weight , while it is no significant in
weaning weight and average daily gains.

This study was carried out at the Ruminants Researches Station (20 km west of
Baghdad) /State Board for Agriculture Researches / Ministry of Agriculture, Reproductive laboratory in college of Agriculture/Univ. of Baghdad & Technical Center of
AL-Nahrain Univ. over period from 1/1/213 until 1/6/2014. The aim of this study
was to find DNA damage according to comet assay procedure, after a test of sheep
for incidence of blood parasites. Significant effect (P≤0.05) of incidence of blood
parasites on daily milk yield , total milk production, protein and total solid non-fat
percentage were recorded, but no-significant effect of incidence on other parameters of milk. The present study,for more accuracy,suggest to applied on larger sample of
sheep

This study was conducted at the plant tissue culture lab. located at the department
of horticulture and landscape gardening ∕ college of agriculture ∕ university of Kufa.
Effect of salinity stress on the production of microtubers and there quality characters
using different concentrations of sodium chloride 0, 50, 100, 150 mM added to MS
medium provided with 5 mg . L
-1 BA, 1 mg . L
-1
thiamine, 0.5 mg . L
-1
pyridoxine,
100 mg . L
-1
nicotinic acid, 100 mg . L
-1 Myo- inositol, 80 g . L
-1
sucrose and 7 g . L
-1
agar which specialized in microtuber production was achieved. Results showed that
the addition of 50 mM of sodium chloride increased the number and diameter of micro- tuber to( 2.49, 3.31) mm respectively, while the content of micro- tuber of proline and total soluble sugars was increased when the medium modified to 150 mM of
sodium chloride. The results also revealed a significant increase in qualitative and
quantitative characteristic rate of Eigenheimer verity, meanwhile the Bintje verity
gave the highest rate of microtuber diameter. Interaction between verity and salinity
concentration were significantly affected the micro-tuber growth indicators and its
content of proline and soluble sugar, where the Eigenheimer verity and the concentration 50 Mm get the highest rate of micro-tuber number (2.66) and the highest amount
of proline and total soluble sugar(0.877, 0.277) mg.g
-1
respectively, with the concentration of 150 Mm . Depending on phonotypical indicators and cell content and organic soluble of proline and soluble sugar could conclusion that Eigenheimer verity
was the most tolerant to the salinity stress than Bintje verity.

This experiment was conducted in the Hort.Res. Station on a silty clay loam soil to
study the effect of the interaction of the concentration of N and P(0, 0.15,0.30,0.60%)
on growth and yield of tomato plants by Using RCBD with three replication.
Results showed that a significant increase of dry matter 10.60% was observed at
0.6% N. Yield on the other hand fallowed the same was 31.30% at 0.6% p while the
P showed the same trend regards the yield and the highest percent reached 34.90% In
the fruit there was an obvious increase of N and P content 54.20%and 50% respectively .As for the interaction, the treatment of 0.3% N and 0.6% P resulted in higher
percent 37.84% , 31.61 % in the dry matter and yield respectively .