AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The current research aims to identify the effect of the graduated activities strategy on the achievement of second-graders middle school students in the grammar of the Arabic language. The researcher adopted the experimental approach with partial control of the two research groups (experimental and control) as a design for the research, and the researcher randomly chose the research sample consisting of (81) students by (40) A student in the experimental group, and (41) a student in the control group. The researcher rewarded between the two groups in the variables (time age, previous achievement, parents ’academic achievement, intelligence) The researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of (40) test items of multiple-choice type, the results showed the superiority of the students who studied the grammar subject according to the strategy of the graduated activities, on Students who studied the same subject in the traditional standard way.

There is no doubt that the process of revealing the other does not take place in isolation, for they are two sides of one client, for each of them seeks to achieve and prove its existence at the expense of the other, as there is no existence of the ego except through the other, and since every duality in philosophy has a relationship that connects both parties, so the relationship Antagonism represents a picture of relations that bring together contradictory or contradictory concepts, so we will try to understand the manifestations of the relationship between the ego and the other in opposition to it, according to what was produced by the ideas of the writer Gibran Khalil Gibran in crystallizing these concepts within the limits of the concept of narration.

The addressee studies this research which is Al-Hijaj Al-Badiee in the texts of Book of Al – Kashkool For Al – Sheikh Al – Bahaee in order to explain the effect of Al-Hijaj Al-Badiee

on strengthening the rule that the speaker wants and support his argument and refute the opinion

The research consisted of a preamble and three topics. The preamble is presented by introduction in Al – Badiee, to state the meaning of Al – Hijaj Al – Badiee, its effect on persuading the recipient. First research under title (Alliteration & Assonance) to state impact of these two arts to enrich Al – Hijaj Al – Badiee. Second research under title (Repetition) to clarify its two types (Word – Sentence), effect of these two categories to present Al – Hijaj Al – Badiee. Third research was under title (Counterpoint & Encounter) to study positions of these two arts in the book of Al – Kashkool and their effect to make Al – Hijaj Al – Badiee prominent

The research concluded many results like that Rhetorical Al – Hijaj is not restricted on statement only through (Metaphor, Representation) but also this Al – Hijaj is founded within significant sides of various arts of Al – Badiee. Moreover Al – Bahaee has used more of arts of Al – Badiee as an example the voice dominant, particularly Anagrams, assonance, its linking with semantic of meaning which was to be affirmed by thought of Al – Hijaj. Such as used art of repetition which collects between sound, semantic. its texts confirmed that work to strengthen thought of Al – Hijaj. where Al – Bahaee has used more of semantic of two arts of counterpoint, encountering in his writings where these two arts affected to support pretext of the speaker and his proof.

The research aims to study the verbal fields that contributed to the formation of the poetry of the poet Izz al-Din al-Mawsili (d. 789 AH), who belongs to the second Mamluk era, as we took an inventory of the most common words in his poetry and their connotations through their occurrence in the context of the poetic text, and after we inventory we distributed them to semantic fields which are : (Nature's words, words of time and place, words of wine, words of color, words of love, and words of war), and these words had the effect of enriching the poetic text with the intended significance.

The rhythm in Mohammad's poetry represents an ever-lasting history extending horizontally in his poetic group from his first collection to the last one sometimes writing out separate texts for him and sometimes overlapping with other forms. Mohammad writes the rhythm poem in its two forms the classic vertical form and its source is the Arabic literary heritage and the free verse form and its source is pioneers poets, in this way the poem is pluralistic as cultural references in writing the rhythm poem The poet Mohammad benefited from all poetry rhythm pure and nonpure meter and he did not leave a technique in color except he benefited from it such as the technique of rotating, accelerating and embedding the converging meter had the largest share of all the meters used.

The phenomenon of spinning in the pre-Islamic era, the emergence of Islam, the Umayyad era, and the Abbasid era enjoyed many studies, and most of these studies that formed this prominent phenomenon in Arab poetry were concerned, as did the other section of those studies concerned with the artistic effect of spinning hair in terms of construction and installation, and rarely these studies were subject to monitoring The civilizational effect of this phenomenon, and if you were exposed to something of that, it is within the limits of the transient references that do not constitute an interdependent unit, and from here I found the topic (the narrative structure in the poetry of Abd al-Amir al-Husayiri) passion, love and passion in myself, as long as I was eager to study a topic related to researching the glorious heritage of our nation, as I am d Meh heritage related to the subject of great importance because of its active presence in the tightening weft cultural fabric and knowledge of the nation.

In our research we examined (the effect of meaning on the Arab rule of Ibn Zakour al-Fassi) in his book "The Title of Precision in Explaining Enthusiasm", We have mentioned evidence from the Court of enthusiasm for Abu Tammam that was distinguished by Ibn Zakour and expressed his opinion about its Arab possibilities. The nature of the research required that it be divided into two requirements. The first requirement is what distinguishes Ibn Zakour from his enthusiasm. The second requirement is Ibn Zakour's views on his Arab probabilities. The research concluded with the most important results, and it was confirmed by the sources and references.

The Arabs have paid attention to the Islamic conquest, in the era of the two caliphs Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and Omar Bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with them) (11-23 AH / 632-643 AD). And after that, the conquest operations came from here. Until the fall of the Buoyan emirate (13-451 AH / 634 - 1059 AD), "Askar Makram is a city with many blacks and a picnic with a blessing, including sugar, which works the horizons of red, white and Qand, so agricultural production is the backbone that supplies the population with most of their needs.

The books of geographical trips are considered one of the most important works in Islamic history, but they are the mainstay of those works, because of the abundant scientific material they contain in describing countries, their cities, customs and traditions. Most primary sources and secondary references have relied on them for mentioning and describing countries, with regard to the topic of research, which is geographical trips to the countries of India and China in the fourth century AH, a number of travelers emerged in that century, including those who traveled to the countries of India and China, and some of them described these two countries. Detailed in terms of their translations, methodology, and trips to the countries of India and China. The topic is of great importance. It highlights the most important trips to the countries of India and China in that century.

The people in ancient Mesopotamia know many minerals (Metal Tools) , and they also know how to manufacture it and used them . Minerals have entered in many of their businesses and industries , even in the field of producing artworks (artifacts) . Pots and agricultural tools as well as weapons they used in everyday life .

The most important of these metals are : gold , silver , copper , and tin , which some of them entered in the work of bronze bullion (Al-Jader , 1991 , p.225) .

The ancient Mesopotamians struggled to get the materials , they were carrying the tired journeys in order to bring the raw materials from far away counties , among them were Dilmun , Magan , Meluhha , Eygpt and Anatolia (Levy , 1986 , p.19) .

So we did not care about the all kinds of minerals , but we define our works about one type of this metals , which is a copper metal . So the copper regarded the first mineral which known to the people of ancient Mesopotamia , they used it very much in their lives , this had been a major turning point in the history of their civilization (Louis , 2008 , p.112) .

The research aims to prove the relationship between the high number of tropical cyclones in the eastern region of the North Atlantic Ocean and the amounts of rain recorded in Iraq, as the research assumes that the cyclones that follow in their path a movement similar to the letter (C) affect the amount of rain recorded on the Baghdad station, the study reached proof The existence of a relationship between the increase in the average duration of tropical cyclones in the eastern tropical region of the Atlantic and the decrease in monthly rainfall amounts at the Baghdad station. The high frequency of days of stay in the eastern region of the Atlantic depends on the activity of tropical cyclones and that any increase in tropical cyclone activity will enter Higher latitude circles than usual to be active in, so it will enter the western region, and consequently, there will be greater energy consumption, i.e. water vapor, and as a result, the quantities of water vapor that the atmospheric depressions can bring will decrease.

The research aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the road network linking urban centers in Baghdad governorate, through a quantitative assessment of the reality of the road network, to provide the required services in a smooth and high efficiency for their users, as they represent the arteries of movement between urban centers, so it required the use of a number of approved metrics and indicators to give an indication of Efficiency of roads and to achieve the goal of the research, as the research dealt with nodes, connections and lengths of roads spatially distributed at the level of the Baghdad governorate, as each node is connected to direct and indirect connections and different lengths. The study applied quantitative indicators in measuring the efficiency of the road network linking the nodes , The road density scale for the population and the area has found a difference in the degree of density between the administrative units according to the population numbers, the area of ​​their administrative units and the length of the roads, while the road concentration index for the study area reached a high total concentration rate of (13.3%), indicating that the length of the roads in it You need to redistribute within the total area, and the beta correlation index reached that of the study area according to the index value that reached (1.5) with more than one complete network, and the gamma correlation index according to the index value (0.52) reached a degree less than one integer with weak correlation in the network Roads, The alpha correlation index in the study area according to the index value (0.28) reached a score less than one integer with a weak correlation between parts of the network, and the average correlation index Abler reached that the degree of the lowest correlation index for the study area reached (3.6) degrees, which is a low score if compared to an average The index of the current relevance of the study area reached (5.5) degrees, indicating that the network is weak and incomplete communication according to the indicator, and the index of correlation reached for the study area according to the value of the total indicator reached (2.3) degrees, which means that there is a connected network at the governorate level, either at the level of Administrative units The value of the indicator was less than (1) an integer, indicating that the road network has a relatively weak correlation, and by applying quantitative indicators it is possible to reach knowledge of the strength and weakness of the road network, and choose successful solutions for it.

The increase in population means an increase in the demand for the use of safe water in all activities (human, agricultural, industrial) and at the same time it is noticed that surface water is limited and low in terms of costs and levels compared to previous decades, especially in dry and semi-arid areas, of which the study area is a part. Rainfall, increased evaporation rates, and poor management of water resources. The water scarcity experienced by the country as a result of the dictates of the Ilisu dam in the Turkish Republic and the water crisis in the southern region, not only as a result of low discharge and river levels, increasing concentrations of salt in the water as well as the dumping amounts of sewage to the course of the river water, called for all the reasons to reconsider estimating the size and quality of water available in the study area.

The study of the industrial phenomenon reveals the importance, role and factors of the industrial settlement that contributed to the spread of the industry within the spatial space to show its importance and the extent of the impact of the factors on its spatial distribution. Currently, the study showed that the market factor was the most influential in the signing of establishments at their current locations, as its impact ratio reached (39%), which makes it ranked first among the factors affecting the spatial distribution of the industry. The study also revealed that there are (27) establishments for the manufacture of soft drinks and healthy water in the Eastern Karrada region (48.1%) of which were concentrated in the industrial zone within Zaafaraniya according to the number of establishments index. As for the index of the number of workers in the industrial branch, it recorded the highest percentage as well within the region Industrial in Zaafaraniya, at a rate of (81.6%) of workers in the beverage and water industry by (1646) workers, while the highest percentage of annual workers ’wages within the Industrial Zone in Zaafaraniya increased by (91.1%) by (20642) million dinars from the value of annual workers’ wages within The same industrial branch. With the lowest percentage recorded in terms of the mentioned indicators within the university district in which there is one facility for the beverage and water industry, with a number of employees of (25) workers and an annual wage value of (140) million dinars annually.

The environment and its problems are of great importance, so environmental issues have imposed themselves on various levels and levels, whether they are local, regional or international.

Which encouraged countries to hold conferences and seminars to put in place laws that limit that risk that threatens all living organisms, including the person who is the primary responsible for these problems, and environmental pollution is a problem of the modern era and one of its most prominent issues that threatens all countries.

The Iraqi reality is not in isolation from this pollution, and what made matters worse the wars that Iraq witnessed, the economic blockade and the collapse of the entire infrastructure, which had negative effects on the Iraqi environment. In this chapter, the first two topics are entitled (environmental awareness), while the second topic (development and environmental awareness).

The issue of extremism has become a prominent phenomenon in society in recent decades and has taken dangerous religious, political and societal dimensions and has had dire consequences, bad results and negative repercussions on the nation and humanity in particular. This phenomenon has led to the emergence of a set of unacceptable behaviors such as violence, intolerance and terrorism. Then came the National Service Law, which had social, cultural and educational effects on young people. The national service contributes to controlling the proper behavior of most young people through military training, as their joining the military sectors helps to produce a generation of young people who are committed to its work, behaviors, and obedience to its superiors, and instills in them confidence, patriotism, and respect for time, while acquiring skills that prepare young people for self-reliance and ability on determining their future options based on the experience they had during the training period. And all of this is reflected in society, as in the goodness and strength of the youth, society is stable and stable. National service plays a crucial role in cultivating youth personalities, promoting good morals and behaviors among their ranks, fostering patriotism and loyalty to it, and loyalty to its wise leadership, a sustainable belief across successive generations.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع استخدام طالبات الثانوية العامة لشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في مدينة العين، وذلك من خلال التعرف على الخصائص الديموغرافية لطالبات الثانوية العامة في مدينة العين، ومدى انتشار استخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بين طالبات الثانوية العامة، وأثرها على المستوى التحصيلي لأفراد العينة.

ولتحقيق أهداف هذه الدراسة، قامت الباحثة بإعداد استبانة تم التأكد من صدقها من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين، في حين تم التأكد من ثباتها عن طريق إعادة تطبيق الاستبانة، وتم تطبيق الدراسة على عينة عشوائية هن مجموعة من طالبات الثانوية العامة (الثاني عشر) في مدينة العين بفرعيه الأدبي والعلمي في القطاع الحكومي، وبلغ عددهن (300 طالبة) تم اختيارهن من ثلاث مدارس حكومية تابعة لمجلس أبو ظبي للتعليم - مكتب العين.

وقد كشفت نتائج الدراسة أن حوالي ثلاثة أرباع العينة منتسبات إلى شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، كما أن أكثر من نصف العينة يستخدمن شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بشكل يومي، وأكدن أن التأثيرات التي تحدثها شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي لم تؤثر عليهن سلبياً أبداً، ومما يؤكد هذا أن غالبية أفراد العينة حصلن على معدل تراكمي ترواح مابين (80 - 89%) خلال الفصل الدراسي الأول. فرغم أن أكثر من نصف أفراد العينة أقرن باستخدامهن شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بشكل منتظم إلا أن معظمهن أكدن أن شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي أحياناً تكون أكثر أهمية من المهارات والمعارف التي تتعلمها الطالبة في المدرسة.

وكانت أعلى نسبة من الجهود المقترحة من وجهة نظر أفراد العينة للحد من سوء استخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي هو تدعيم الوازع الديني والأخلاقي في نفوس الطلبة ثم تنظيم برامج إرشادية ووقائية لتوجيه الطلبة نحو استخدام شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي والاستفادة من أوقات الفراغ.

وخلصت الدراسة إلى عدة توصيات من أهمها تأكيد الدور التربوي للمؤسسة التعليمية في حياة الإنسان، فهي التي تحتضن طفولته وترشد مراهقته وتعد شبابه لمواجهة المستقبل، وهي ملتقى الأصدقاء، ومكان التمثل بالقدوة، عليها يقع عبء التعريف بالخدمات التي تقدمها شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي من أجل النهوض بالعلم وزيادة المعارف لدى الطلاب.

كما أوصت الدراسة بإجراء المزيد من الدراسات والبحوث الميدانية في مجال المواقع الاجتماعية وشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وخاصة فيما يتعلق بالطرق السليمة لاستخدام هذه الشبكات الاجتماعية.

The aim of this study concentrates on the following main question: how useful are those programs prepared within the reform institutions in meeting their needs towards the lab our market? Based on this question, 180 forms have been distributed to a random sample of juvenile delinquents who were placed in juvenile reform schools for their rehabilitation and reintegration into society within the reform institutions in Baghdad .

Questionnaire, interviews and observation tools were used to collect information and data. The Questionnaire consists of many axes to measure the accuracy of the study variables. The first axis involves the primary data of the respondents; the second one contains the data of the reform institution and rehabilitation and the third axis includes the data of the training programs for delinquents and the labour market. In light of these axes, the tool was built and developed after presenting it in its initial form to nine experts of social sciences. The study targeted juvenile delinquents of (15-21years) in the juvenile reform department in Baghdad.

The researcher relied on the social survey approach in identifying and processing the variables in order to analyses the questionnaire responses using some statistical techniques, such as ratios and frequency, the validity test, chi-square test for the relationship between variables, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability and other statistical methods to support the theoretical side.

Intellectual extremism has become a global phenomenon that all Arab and Western societies suffer from, as many educated and illiterate young people have slipped into it. Intellectual extremism has become a dangerous and rapidly spreading disease among university students. Perhaps the reason behind this is knowledge openness, technological progress, globalization, intellectual conflict and misunderstanding Or weakness of the truth of religion and legal constants, and this has pushed all educational, educational and social institutions in order to confront the methods of intellectual extremism seeking to advance and preserve students, as universities bear the great responsibility in that as Thought institutions and research centers from research and community role as well as the educational role, and seeks a researcher to highlight the importance of the role of the requirements of educational social, cultural, political, economic, religious and sports to counter intellectual extremism and methods of prevention of them that have become threatening the security and stability of society.

The researcher has built and developed the research tool, which is a questionnaire that includes (60) items distributed over six different fields that contain educational requirements to confront the methods of intellectual extremism. The research sample was chosen by the random layer method, which numbered (400) professors and professors at (188) of males and (212) of females distributed over three different colleges who were chosen by drawing method from the total research community of (6321) professors and professors.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of Hawkins' method on the achievement of social studies for the fifth elementary pupils), and in order to verify the research goal, the researcher set the following hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0,05), between the average pupil degrees The experimental group who studied the subject of social studies using the Hawkins method and the mean scores of the control group who study the same subject in the traditional way in the post achievement test.

The researcher adopted the experimental approach and experimental design with the control group with the post test, and the research community determined the fifth primary school pupils in the government day and primary schools belonging to the six education directorates in Baghdad governorate, and the experiment was applied to the research sample that was represented by the fifth primary school pupils in the third chest school The Governmental Primary Day School for Boys, affiliated to the General Directorate of Rusafa Education for the second year, for the academic year (2019-2020), as it consisted of (65) students, with (32) students in the experimental group, which was studied according to the Hawkins method, and (33) students in the control group And that was studied according to the traditional method.

The researcher has built the research tool of the post achievement test, where the test consisted of multiple of (30) items, the validity of the test was verified and the stability and calculation of psychometric properties were applied, and the test was applied after the completion of the experiment that took the first semester of the academic year (2019-2020), where It started on Thursday, corresponding to (10/10/2019), and ended with conducting the post-test on Thursday corresponding (19/1/2020). After calculating the test results by adopting the T-test for two independent samples, the result was:

There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0,05) between the average score of students of the experimental group who are studying according to the Hawkins method, and the average score of students of the control group who study according to the traditional method of achievement in favor of the experimental group.

Based on the result that the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including:

1- Teaching Hawkins method in the subject of social studies for fifth graders, has the effect of raising the level of academic achievement, compared to the traditional method.

2- Hawkins' method has proven effective in making pupils a focus of the educational process, and this is what all modern teaching methods advocate.

3- Hawkins' method focuses on the principle of collaborative work between students and their peers and the teacher, which leads to the exchange of information and the raising of the level of knowledge, then the role of the teacher will be a guide and a guide to their progress towards educational goals.

4- Teaching according to Hawkins' method provides more opportunities for students to express themselves effectively.

In light of the research results, the researcher recommended recommendations, including:

1- Adopting Hawkins' method of teaching social studies at the primary stage, for its role in raising the level of achievement for students.

2- Preparing and preparing classrooms to help the teacher teach according to the Hawkins method, as the researcher faced some difficulties in preparing the classroom

The study aimed to build an early intervention program, the Denver model, according to behavioral cognitive methods. And knowing the effect of the program on developing social skills for children with virtual autism. To verify this goal, the researcher put the following hypothesis. There are no statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the members of the experimental group in the pre- and post-applications on a scale.

(CASR2-ST) The current research was limited to children with virtual autism disorder registered at the Al-Noor Institute and Basmat Amal Center in the city of Baghdad (2018-2019)

To achieve the aims of the research, the experimental design with the two experimental and control groups with pre- and post-testing was used. The research sample was of 18 children with virtual autism disorder distributed on two groups that were equivalent between them in the age, intelligence, and educational level of the parents, the number of hours of using the electronic screens. The hypothetical autism was measured on a scale (CASR2-ST). To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher prepared an early intervention program, according to the Denver model. The program was corrupted from eight sessions with two sessions per week, the time of each session (60-45) minutes. The research required employing appropriate statistical means. After completing the application of the program, the result of the research resulted in there are statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the experimental and controlling group scores on a scale (CASR2-ST) in the post-test and the researcher concluded that the methods of early intervention have a clear effect in reducing hypothetical autism Among children, and through the results, the researcher reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

As for the concept of crisis management, the researcher prepared a measure for it, based on the theory of Moss, which he defined: “It is the employment of the individual to his adaptive strategies with the stressful situation in order to restore his psychological and social equilibrium” (Moss, 1990, p. 234), as well. On asking an exploratory question to the sample, (18) situations expressing the crisis experienced by the directors in their departments, and each situation has three methods to deal with it (cognitive, behavior, and avoidance).

The researcher has verified the validity of its measurement with two indicators, which are validity by presenting the paragraphs of the scale with a questionnaire on (14) arbitrators in psychological measurement and psychology, and based on their opinions the paragraphs of the scale have been modified, and the indicator of the reliability through the correlation of the degree of the paragraph with the overall degree, and the correlation of the degree of the paragraph with the behavioral component To which it belongs, and the researcher has verified the stability of the scale by a re-test method, with an average (0.49) of the crisis management scale.

After verifying the accuracy of the psychometric properties of the research tools and their paragraphs, the research tools were applied to the basic research sample of (300) director, and the data were analyzed using the statistical bag of social sciences (spss) and the results showed the following: _

managers follow two methods of crisis management, namely (cognitive and behavioral) compared to the (avoidance) method.
Productive-oriented managers follow the cognitive and behavioral approaches to crisis management.

the format of beliefs (Belief system), which means the layout of rigid beliefs among individuals, the controlling view of life, and the lack of tolerance for those who differ from us in ideas and opinions, i.e. that everyone has a cognitive structure and his own beliefs about political and social life that are organized in a holistic pattern, which works on creating a cognitive system consisting of diverse beliefs, attitudes and preferences, it is described on two poles, one of which is closed, characterized by stagnation and another flexible, characterized by openness, and on this basis it can be said that people with closed minds are those who reject new ideas even if they are supported by strong evidence and cling to their old beliefs, while individuals are open Mindfulness are those who accept new ideas and receive new beliefs, especially if they are supported by evidence.

In order to achieve the aims of the current research, the researcher adopted the theory of belief formations of (Rokeach ,2015), in the beliefs system theory, and the researcher prepared a scale of beliefs form after reviewing the approved theory and previous standards. And the preparation of the sports prejudice scale after reviewing the social learning theory and previous studies, and the researcher undertook the procedures for analyzing the paragraphs on the research scale, as well as the validity was extracted using the exploratory factor analysis of sports beliefs and sports prejudice. Reliability of the scale of beliefs (0.84) using the Alpha Cronbach method.

The two main concepts of the present study: disgust and vocational competence, since individuals react to the attitudes that provoke their emotions, and disgust seems to be an essential and unique reaction drawing the attention of the psychological, philosophical, and neurotic scopes recently. It is distinguished by its response to retreat accompanied by sickness and certain facial expressions differ from one situation to another defined by the aspects that encourage retreating from a large group of various cultural backgrounds, because it is a main force in social upbringing which prevents us from contacting a number of strangers and avoiding these violators of moral codes like the homeless, drug addicts, whores who are the group that are exposed the most to contagious diseases than the ordinary people who protect themselves from it keeping a normal life rhythm

The aim of research is to identify modern strategies in the acquisition of Arabic language among fifth-grade primary school students, including the (placemat) strategy as a model.” To achieve this, the researcher followed the experimental approach adopted on experimental design distinguishing by partial control feature, which is the design of the experimental group, and the control group with the post test. The researcher intentionally chose his research sample consisting of (64) students, divided into two groups. By using consistent manner in both of the student groups, the researcher took into account a number of variables, namely: (the time age calculated by the months and the academic achievement of the parents and the previous year grades in language subject Arabic), from the academic year 2019-2020

The typograph design of the components of speech communication arts was addressed in the design of fabrics and fashion is important especially that of structures that are directly related to the other as well as incorporates many of the formations of formal and variations which are located in the interpretation area, and because it is a visual art, it was a busy and so-mediated structures analysis for those elements can detect the content of the form and define its relations and analysis of its structure and reading the optical reading (design fabrics) as a space in which interferes isomorphism characters and types typograph elements, it represents an effective exchange of forces in the intellectual content of this field after a poll A knowledge-based researcher found it appropriate to search for an answer to the following question (Is typograph effective in modern fashion trends in the field of fashion design fabrics) elements? The importance of the current research is to clarify the role of typographic elements, both read and unread, and in accordance with the trends of fashion in the formation of design units that are ready to introduce the language as a cultural tool to address in formative formations with a variety of meanings.

The objective limits of research were: The definition of the typographic elements and the statement of the trends of modern fashion in the designs of women's fashion fabrics. Spatial boundaries: the designs of the fashion fabrics of the designers (Saif Al-Obaidi, the dominant of the world) and the temporal limits. Designer costumes Saif Al - Obaidi. The first chapter deals with the concept of typography in design and the second topic. The effectiveness of modern fashion in fashion fabric designs. As well as theoretical framework indicators and previous studies The third chapter deals with the research procedures: The researcher adopted the analytical descriptive method in the preparation of the research. The research community was the product of the Iraqi designers (Saif al-Obeidi and Mohsen Al-Ameli). The research community identified 40 as a design model and 4 samples were chosen intentionally according to the research requirements And by 10%. The chapter also included the analysis of samples and their description according to the form of defining the axes of analysis. The fourth chapter included the following results:

The general description of the design models found the use of the typographic elements of letters in all models and the use of the typographic text element in the two models (1,2), which showed the characteristics of the effectiveness of the typographic elements in a similar manner.
All models have moved away from the typographic elements represented by (icon, titles, drawings, image formation).
The chapter also dealt with a number of conclusions, recommendations, study and design proposals as well as Arab and foreign sources, supplements and abstracts in English.

Islamic symbols played the largest and distinctive role in showing the aesthetic image of that society that is embraced by Islamic thought. Heritage and folk symbols have crowded and harmonized into one fabric, a flexible fabric that accepts everything new society can produce and be certain of, and this does not mean that the Islamic symbols are in fact Islamic, but they are Heritage heritage extending through the ages passed down from generation to generation, generation after generation, those symbols possessed a special philosophy that did not intersect with Islamic philosophy except in a few easy ones, even though some symbols are stripped from its ancient concept as the symbol of the crescent that symbolized for God the age of God: the moon, so this symbol became a witness of a month Islamic fasting, which made him stand out and steadfast in the strength of his existence as an inevitable Islamic symbol that Muslims expect for the purpose of patience every year, and it can be said that Islamic symbols and other symbols came as a metaphorical solution and as an alternative to a speech of feelings and feelings for the symbolized so providing a rose for the lover sings thousands of fake messages and all this is mortgaged The nature of societies, the way of thinking, and what is not correct in a society that is correct at the end of our research. We were exposed to some of the Islamic and traditional symbols that appeared in the works of the artist (Salman Abbas) in an attempt It extrapolates and reveals its implications and intellectual implications inherent in it.

The research included four axes: (the methodological framework) , which consists of the problem of research, the need for it, the importance of research, and the objectives of the research, then defining the search terms.

As for the theoretical framework, it includes two topics: the first topic: the references of Islamic symbols in Iraqi art, the second topic: the symbolic connotations of Islamic architecture.

Then the research procedures, which included the research community, the research methodology, the research sample, research tools, analysis of samples, stamping with results, conclusions, proposals, recommendations, list of sources, references, and summary in English.

Political posters are a powerful motivating tool and a deep visual and mental message of attraction for the individual and the public, and a phenomenon of a social and psychological nature, and it is considered one of the propaganda tools that influence all times, in war and peace, elections, demonstrations and social media

In view of the technical and technological progress that has become at the present time a major reason for changing lifestyles and interacting with internal spaces, which led to the development of standards of living for the better, and with the clarity of the role of information and communications technology and the abundance of work on them, it helped to overcome many difficulties, thus changing the speed in work to keep pace with this. The vast amount of development and openness of information and determining how to benefit from it and direct it in a way that benefits the internal spaces and the users of these spaces as well to facilitate the work of the designer on these spaces

The research sought to achieve several goals from which are: identifying the quantity of news that dealt with the political discourse of Iraqi PM in the Iraqi newspapers (Assabah, Azzaman, and Tareek alshaab). Identifying issues of political discourse, uncovering the news frames employed by the newspapers while giving salience to issues of political discourse that received most of their attention, in addition to testing validity of the research hypotheses that were that assumed existence of statistically significant differences between the newspapers in employing the news sources and salience elements in framing political discourse. The research is descriptive and it adopted the survey method to describe and analyze a comprehensive sample of (657) issues from the three newspapers from 12/10/2017 to 10/25/2018, and it used coding scheme as a tool. The research has reached several conclusions: the newspapers showed great variance in the interest with the political discourse of the Iraqi PM with the semi-official press have showed the greatest, followed by the partisan press, and the private press recorded the least. The newspapers have varied in their interest with the political issues, with Assabah showed most interest with construction issue, Azzaman with corruption, and Tareek alshaab with elections, taking into account the variation in their priorities, as responsibility and economic consequences frames were adopted in presenting reconstruction issues, and responsibility and conflict frames in election and corruption issues. Also, there were statistically significant differences among the newspapers in employing the news sources and salience elements {partially} that framed the political discourse of the PM.

The researcher adopted the survey method and the method of content analysis to study the research community, which is the pages of advertising on Facebook, which is five pages of advertising, which is one of the most productive pages (in the duration of the search) for the declarations of the epiphography, and accordingly the preparation and design of a form to analyze the content of these pages on Facebook For a period of six months, as well as the use of the interview method for the purpose of collecting information about the infographic in Iraq and the nature of the research sample.

The research found several results, the most important of which is that the ads of fixed infographics are more frequent than the mobile epnographic ads in the five pages in addition to the great dependence on the Arabic phrases that show the viewer the same commodity and know its advantages and disadvantages in terms closer to the language to facilitate the reach of the advertisement to the target audience and the sentence and the word role in that too.

The issue of identifying metaphors is not clear-cut in most religious texts (Charteris-Black, 2005). For metaphors that are dealt with by religious texts such as human life as a journey or as a game, a prayer as a flowing river, the living martyrs (the living dead), a taste of death, the journey of the dead and “die, yet shall he live” are mostly spiritual matters for which academic appraisal is essential (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Gibbs, 2008). That is, the quality of the explanations that are presented by such metaphors need an intensive investigation, because these are the key function of metaphor in religious texts. Moreover, metaphors in sacred texts may be misjudged due to: the absence of the image in the target language and the different symbolic meanings of metaphor in the source text. Therefore, we aim to tackle such a problem via analysing the different forms and functions of metaphors in selected Qur’anic and Biblical verses. To operate such metaphorical analysis, a two-dimensional model is adapted from two different discourse analysts: aI-Sakaaki (2000) and Lakoff & Johnson (1980). The study reveals how the persuasive power of metaphor in the Qur’anic and Biblical verses related are regulated around the diversity of ontological, structural and orientational forms, and how every correlation between two domains of metaphors can shape its functions.