Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

This study includesthe preparation and identification of five membered rings Hetrocyclic Compounds derived from Trimethoprim by reaction Schiffs, bases(1a-h)(prepared by reaction some aromatic aldehyde with Trimethoprim using Microwave technique) with Hydroxy acidic acid(Glycolic acid), the prepared compounds were identified by I.R spectroscopy and some of them by NMR spectroscopy and C.H.N.S micro analysis

A series of new complexes of the type [Cu(L)2]Cl2 (1), [Ni(L)Cl2].H2O(2), [Co(L)2(H2O)2]Cl2(3), [Mn(L)2(H2O)2] (4), [Zn(L)2Cl2] (5), where L is N-(phthalimidyl) isonicotinamide have been synthesized and characterized by magnetic moment, molar conductivity UV, and (FT-IR)and some of them were characterized by EPR spectroscopy. Ligand was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and13CNMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data indicated that the isonazide ligand act as bidentate N,O donorsand the complexes (2-5) are paramagnetic and the complex(6) diamagnetic. The optimization of their structures indicated that the geometry of complex (1) is square planar and tetrahedral for complex(2) and octahedral for complexes (3-5)

A series of derivatives for compound 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one with different aromatic substitution were proved. The newly synthesized derivatives have been supported by spectral data FTIRand H1NMR. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and compared with drug Amoxicillin as reference.

New series of 3-substituted heterocyclic compounds containing bridge head nitrogen were synthesizedthrough multi-step reactions. In order to prepare the starting 2-substitutedheterocyclic compounds of pyridine, a known procedure was used by condensation of 2-amino pyridine with (4-bromo phenacyl bromide). Carbaldehyde group was introduced at position-3 of prepared 2-substituted imidazo/ pyridine rings by Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. 3-Carbaldehyde derivatives underwent Claisen condensation with different aryl ketons to give unsaturated ketones of these derivatives, which on cyclization with urea and thiourea afforded 3-cyclic oxopyrimidines and thiopyrimidines derivatives of imidazo/ pyridine rings. In addition, 3-carbaldehyde derivatives was reacted withhydrazine, semicarbazide and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride to yield new hydrazone, semicarbazone and oxime derivatives of imidazo/ pyridine rings. All prepared compounds were characterised via FT-IR spectroscopy, some of them were characterised by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These new 3-subistituted derivatives of imidazo/pyridine rings were tested in different species bacterial and fungi. Some of tested compounds showed strongactivity while the other showed moderate against. Interestingly, All these new prepared compounds showed high activity against fungi

Herein, we show the preparation and the characterization of new metal complexes by using a Schiff base ligand 2-[5-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-amino] 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-phenol (L) with the metals Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). This Schiff base ligand was synthesized via condensing [2-pyridine carboxaldehyde] with [2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol] in an alcoholic solution. For preparing complexes, two tetradentate Schiff bases ligand were employed with two metal ions of Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+and Zn2+as dinuclear formula M2L2. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were well characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis absorption, elemental analysis, thermal analysis, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Based on these characterizations, the chemical structures of the ligand and the metal complexes were confirmed. Furthermore, the electronic and magnetic properties of the prepared metal complexes were clearly understood

Theobjectiveofthisresearchistoprepareand study (Glass Fiber / Epoxy)with nanoandmicro Titanium dioxide (TiO2)compositeswith different volume percentage of nanoand micro TiO2powder of 2%,4%,and 6%volume fraction. Atomic force microscopy techniques was used to measure the grain sizeofnanoTiO2powder(averagediameter was 46 nm) and particle size analyzer techniques was used. Erosive wear behavior of this composite under three different impingement angles of30°, 60° and 90°and three angular silica sand abrasive particle sizes approximately 425, 600 and 850 μm and hardness (shore D) were studied.In general the erosion wear of micro composites have lower erosion resistance than other nano-basedcompounds. Erosionresistance increase as the volume fraction increase.NanocompositesofGF / EP with TiO2havemanyadvantagesovermicrocompositesfromtheviewpointofwearand hardness tests. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled G-E composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and results indicates more severe damage to matrix and glass fiber in unfilled composite system as compared to TiO2filled composites

For decades, human health was threaten(especially that of children) by what considered as a potential sources of lead exposure which are: lead-contaminated water, soil, and air. The proposed of the research involve developing an integrated exposure, uptake, and biokinetic (IEUBK) model asa human health risk model to predict the blood lead levels BLL in children. The data set of this project for human health risk posed by Pb contamination in air, water and soil were obtained from previous study achieved in 2014 which carried out on 108 school children (School children in rural areas (n=76 child) and School children in urban areas (n=32child) matched for age. The environmental samples demonstrated that the concentration of lead for air and soil exceeded the international acceptable threshold values. However, the concentration of lead in water was below the threshold value. The BLL value from currently result of IEUBK model was above the agency’s threshold of concern, 10 μg/dL which was documented as children’s BLL lowest level of concern. This predicted values result of BLL was in agreement with actual value of BLL in blood samples of school children for the chosen study. Also, the results of this research confirmed that the high BLL could be attributed to the high lead level in both air and soil of contaminate environment

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising atomic emission based elemental analysis technique that has many potential applications for various samples. This paper presents the implementation of calibration free laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) approach to identify and determine the concentration of elements in Iraqi cement samples collected from local market. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with energy laser pulse of 100 mJand pulse duration of 9 ns is focused on cement pellet surfaceto generate a plasma spark in air. The plasma emission spectrum was recorded by the spectrometer connected to the fiber optic and resolved spectra were used for identification and quantification of detected elements. The produced plasma temperature was obtained from the Boltzmann plot method while their electron density was determined by Saha-Boltzmann equation. The major elements such as Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Mg and minor Mn, Ti, K and Na elements have been identified and their concentrations calculated based on analysis of the spectrum that contain all information needed to derive the elemental composition of the cement matrix

In this paper we present high resolution data from Atacama Large Millimeter /sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) of CO (5-4) and CO (8-7) rotational transitions towardthe gravitational lensed galaxy (SDP.81). We calculate the molecular gas mass in the clumpy region which is around 1.5109Mʘ. We overly the CO(8-7) and CO(5-4) intensity distributions to calculate the brightness temperature ratio R85at various region. The CO line ratio was in the range between 0.39 and 0.75 with an average value about 0.48. This line ratio suggests that most sub-millimeter galaxies, SMGs, include a significant proportion of extended, moderate-density, cool gas

The aim of this work is to study different parameters of bottled drinking water that affect the health of people of Baghdad city. To perform this target, seventeen bottled samples were collected from local markets which were different bottles size and trade markets. The samples were analyzed physical, chemical and biological factors that influence water quality of the bottled water. The physical and chemical tests of bottled water showed that the mean value of pH ranged from 6.96-8.5, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 8-166 ppm, Total Hardness (TH) 22-178 ppm, Calcium (Ca++) 0.0-35 ppm, Magnesium (Mg++) 0.0-30 ppm, Chloride (Cl) 0.0-27 ppm, sodium (Na+) 0.0-25 ppm, potassium (K+) 0.0-4.5 ppm, Electrical Conductivity (Ec)16-332 μs/cm. All samples were within the permissible limits for Iraqi criteria and standards for bottled water.The biological parameters include: total plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, E.coliand yeast& fungi. The failure percentages of samples were 23.5, 11.7, 11.7, 11.7 and 11.7% respectively

This study included the collection of 204clinical and non-clinical samples from Ibn-Al-Baladi childbirth Hospital, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad, from both genders of different ages. The collected samples were distributed according to the collection source (urine,wounds, burns, feces, Tigris River water in Baghdad and soil samples). A total of isolates of Escherichia coli(48.43%), 15 isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae(23.43%), 10 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae (15.62%) and 8 isolates of proteus mirabilis(12.50%) were isolated and identified based on microscopic culture, conventional methods, VITEK 2 and molecular identification of 16SrRNAgene. Our investigations indicated that Escherichia coli andKlebsiella pneumoniaespecies represent the most frequent isolates, whereas both Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus mirabiliswere the less frequent species. The results of the analysis of the sequencing of selected 21 isolates were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) belong tothe four species (From LC314477.1 to LC314497.1).

EscherichiacoliO157:H7iswelldocumentedwithShigatoxin–producingserotypesofE.coli.Infectionwiththistypeofpathogenicbacteriamayleadtohemorrhagicdiarrheaandkidneyfailure.ThisstudywascarriedouttodetectthepathogenicityofE.coliO157:H7isolatedfrompatientswithbloodydiarrhea.Atotalof200bloodydiarrheasampleswerecollectedfromchildrenofbothsexes,withagebetween3to10yearsintheperiodfrombeginningofSeptembertotheendofDecember2016inAl-EskanPediatricsHospitalandChildrenSafeHospital(Baghdad/Iraq).Thesampleswereculturedaerobicallyonenrichmentandselectivemedia,thentheisolateswereidentifiedbyVitek2andtheywereconfirmedbylatexagglutinationtest.EightisolateswerediagnosedandidentifiedasEscherichiacoliO157:H7.Thepathogenicityofthestoolrecoveredisolateswerestudytorecognizethealterationsinsomeorgansofmiceafterexperimentallyinfectedwiththispathogen.TwelvemiceprovidedbyanimalhouseofAL-RAZIcenterinBaghdad,dividedintotwogroupseachgroupconsistof6mice.Thefirstgroupinjectedwith0.2mlofde-ionizedwaterandleftascontrolgroup,whereasthesecondgroupinfectedorallywith0.2mlof1.8x106cfu/ml.Theanimalsoftwogroupssacrificed24-48hourspostinfection.Thehistopathologicalexaminationofintestineforinfectedmiceshowedinfilterationofinflammatorycells,focalliningepithelialstratification,withmultiplelayerbasallaminadegeneration,thendistentionofvilliappearedwithincreaseinflammatorycellsinfiltration.Thelivershowedaccumulationoflymphocyte,hemorrhageincentralveinwithsinusesexpansionand,hepatocytecellsshowed,degeneration,increasenuclearsizeandincreasehyperchromasiawithirregularchromatindistribution.Thehistopathologicalexaminationsofthecontrolgroupwerenaïve

This study included two experiments, the first of which included the investigation of the urease enzyme in the plant extract of the Lagonychium farctum, which included the extracts of theseeds,leaves and stems the plant. The results, showed thatthe highest enzymatic and quality efficacy of urease was in seed extract of the Lagoonchium farctum. The optimal conditions for enzyme extraction were determined using different solution, pH and temperature. The Potassium Phosphate Solution at 0.02 μl pH 8 was the homogenous enzyme extract, with an enzymatic concentration of 3.195 U/ml. The optimum reaction time for enzyme extraction was 30 min, giving an enzyme activity of 3.274U / ml.The optimum reaction time for enzyme extraction was 30 minutes where it gave enzymatic efficacy of 3.274U/ml. The purification was by several steps including ammonium sulphate deposition with different precipitation ratios. The optimum saturation was 50%, followed by ionic exchange on the DEAE-cellulose column and gel filtration on the Sephadex G-200 column. The purification time was 29.6 and the enzyme yield was 75%. The second experiment included study of the effectiveness of the enzyme Urease as an Anticancer activity.Results showed that the urease enzyme had an inhibitory effect on the breast cancer line MCF7;it has been shown to be effective in the direction of breast cancer when the concentration of the partially purified enzyme is increasedwhile in contrast to the natural cell line WRL68

This paper aims to apply the Bees Algorithm for solvingsystem of equations. The solving System of Equations may be linear or nonlinear for a number of unknowns. As an application of System of Equations, we can implement cryptanalysis attack algorithms on stream cipher systems using plaintext attack (or part from it). We consider the Geffe System (which has nonlinear combining function) to be our study case, which is depend on set of Linear Feedback Shift Registers, as a model of stream cipher systems, in the performance of Bees Algorithm by solving System of Equations for any number of variables of the output of Linear Feedback Shift Registers.The application divided into two stages, first, constructing System of Equations for the suggested cryptosystem, and the second, is attacking the variables of System of Equations which they are also represent the initial key values of the combined of Linear Feedback Shift Registers

In this paper lubrication and friction of normal and diseased knee joint has been introduced. Various surface roughness of articular cartilage have been determined during the gait cycle (stance phase-swing phase) using squeeze film characteristics in knee joint, this paper aims to study the effects friction and roughness on stride length for male and female during daily activities. Themathematical model depends on the basis of the Stokes micro continuum theory, as well as we used lubricant (Newtonian -non Newtonian) in case of non-Newtonian(micro-macro) roughness effect has been studiedand we compared effect film thickness of squeeze film lubrication in cycle time and roughness on pressure film, load carry capacity, in the elderly and young people for each sexes

The main objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of principalfuzzy metric spaces based on the definition of the distance function between fuzzy points. Also, among the obtained results in this paper is the relationship between p-convergent and convergent sequences in principal fuzzy metric spaces, which may be used later to prove the main result of this paper that is the completeness of principal fuzzy metric spaces

In this paper the continuous classical boundary optimal control problem of a couple nonlinear partial differential equationsof parabolic type is studied. The Galerkin method is used to prove the existence and uniqueness theorem of the state vector solution of a couple nonlinear parabolic partial differential equationsfor given (fixed) continuous classical boundary control vector. The theorem of the existence of a continuous classical optimal boundary control vector associated with the couple of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations is proved. The existence of a unique vector solution of the adjoint equations is studied. The Fréchet derivative is derived; Finally The Kuhn-Tucker-Lagrange multipliers theorems is developed and then is used to prove the necessary conditions theorem and the sufficient conditions theorem of optimality of a couple of nonlinear parabolic equations with equality and inequality constraints

This paper is concerned with the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution of the state vector of a couple linear elliptic partial differential equations using the Galerkin method, where the continuous classical boundary control vectoris given. Also, the existence theorem of a continuous classical boundary optimal control vector governed by the couple of linear elliptic partial differential equation is proved. The existence and the uniqueness solution of the couple of adjoint equationsassociated with the considered couple of the state equations studied. The derivation of the Fréchet derivative of the Hamiltonian is developed. The necessary conditions theorem of optimality of this problem is proved

The main objective from this paper is to introduce and derive three methods depending onfractional Euler’s method and improve the results modifying the approach by using variable step sizemethod

In this paper, a generalized approach of the backstepping method for stabilizing and solving system of ordinary differential equations will be applied for systems of differential equations with multiple delay by transforming the non-linear system of delay differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations with cooperation of the method of steps. The basic idea of this approach is to find Lyapunov function for stabilizing the system of different time steps which is chosen as the definitions of the present approach

The main idea of this research is to consider fibrewise pairwiseversions of the moreimportant separation axioms of ordinary bitopology named fibrewise pairwise-spaces, fibrewise pairwise-spaces, fibrewise pairwise-spaces, fibrewise pairwise-Hausdorffspaces, fibrewise pairwisefunctionally -Hausdorffspaces, fibrewise pairwise-regular spaces, fibrewise pairwisecompletely-regular spaces, fibrewise pairwise-normalspaces and fibrewise pairwisefunctionally -normalspaces. In addition we offer some resultsconcerning it.2010 MSC:55R70, 54C05,54C08,54C10, 54D10,54D15.

Thispaper is devotedto introducenewconcepts socalled K(c)-spacesseveral varioustheorems about theseconcepts are provided in addition, furtherproperties are studiedsuch as the relationshipsbetween thoseconcepts and othertypes of K(c)-spaces areinvestigated

Let R be a ring with identity and let M be a unitary left module over R. In this paper, we study direct summand (direct sum) of essentially small quasi-Dedekind module (essentially small quasi-Dedekindmodules). Also, give the definition of essentially small quasi-Dedekind relative to a module with some examples. We give some of their basic properties and some examples that illustrate these properties

This paper aims to focus on Bayes estimations for the shape and scale parameters along with the reliability function of weighted exponential distribution with fuzzy data. Bayes estimations have been obtained using symmetric and asymmetric loss functions.Lindley's approximation method has been used for the integrals that cannot be solved in closed form. At the end, some comparisonfor Bayesestimations are studied through a Monte Carlo simulation study

New types of modules, namely fully small stable and small duo modules over a ring are introduced and investigated. These concepts lead to study the relation between these types and other classes of modules; such as, uniserial, some classes of multiplication and quasi-injective modules. It is shown that a projective module is small duo if and only if it is a small multiplication. Also, uniserial Artinian module is fully small stable. In addition, if R is a commutative ring then a fully small stable module is equivalent to small duo and small principally quasi injective. Also, we discuss full small stability of direct sum of modules

In silico models have become well known in the current decade because they assist researchers and specialists in organizing and analyzing big data. To complete their work, these models require powerful techniques and algorithms, the most important of which are machine learning algorithms. This work utilizes the Relief F algorithm for feature selection and trains the back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm on the UMD TP53 all-2012-R1-US database for lung cancer. Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and men, and can be predicted from mutations that occur in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Five measures are used to estimate performance: sensitivity and specificity are important dimensions utilized to obtain the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; accuracy and Fmeasure are necessary to determine algorithm precision; and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), which is the most important measure, provides the right criterion for classification algorithms. The Relief F and BPNN algorithms achieve satisfactory results that reach 99.41 for sensitivity, 95.39 for specificity, 99.04 for accuracy, 99.47 for Fmeasure, and 0.93 for MCC

This paper shows howto detect, track and blur a face in video frame using the Viola-Jones detection algorithm for detection andKLT algorithm to tracks a set of feature points across the video frames. First, the detection locates the face, and thenidentifies feature points that can be reliably tracked. A blurringfilter is applied after detection and tracking the faceand very good resultsare obtained that can be useful to blurring the face;for example,when showing a painful view thatincludesdistorted faces in wars reports or crimes