Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Chloramphenicol succinateselective electrodes were prepared based on a complex Chloramphenicol succinate -phosphomolybdate as an active material using the plasticizers di-octyl phthalate (DOPH), tri-butyl phosphate (TBP), o-nitro phenyl octyl ether (ONPOE) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) in a PVC matrix membrane. The properties of the prepared electrodes were studied, such as: slope, concentration range, detection limit, lifetime, pH effect and selectivity. The experimental results showed that the best electrode was based on DOPH and DBPH as plasticizers, displaying a linear range from 1.00x10−4M to 1.00x10−1M and 1.00x10−1M to 2.00x10−4with a Nernstian slope of 58.5 mV/decade and 53.9 mV/decade, correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and 0.9998, The detection limit was 5.5x10−5M and 8.0x10−5, the lifetime was around 40 and 25 days respectively. The proposed electrodes were successfully applied to the determination of in Chloramphenicol succinate a pharmaceutical preparation

Abatchandflowinjectionanalysis(FIA)spectrophotometricmethodshavebeendevelopedforthedeterminationofvancomycin hydrochloride(VHC)inaqueoussolutionandinpharmaceuticalpreparations.ThemethodsarebasedonthereactionofVHCwithdiazotizedmetoclopramide(DMCP) inalkalinemedium.Thewatersolubleyellowish-orangecolorproductwasmeasuredatλmax451nm.Linearitywasobservedfrom0.5 to100and1to550μgmL−1ofVHCwithdetectionlimitsof0.230 and0.419μgmL−1bybatchandFIAprocedurerespectively.The sampling rate was 128 injections per hour for flow injection methods. The effects of chemical and physical parameters have beencarefullyconsideredandtheproposedproceduresweresuccessfullyappliedtothedeterminationofVHCinpharmaceuticalformulations

Fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate the binding of some important anticoagulant drugs warfarin, heparin and aspirin to human serum albumin under physiological conditions. Scatchard equation provide a measure of the binding affinity between these three drugs individually and albumin. The results of thermodynamic parameters ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S at three different temperatures indicate that the hydrophobic interaction plays a major role for the interaction between each of these drugs and albumin

New mixed ligand complexes have been preparedby the reaction of Quinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid (HL1) and 4,4⁄-dimethyl,2,2⁄-Bipyridyl(L2)with Co(II),Ni(II) Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II) and Au(III) ions. The newly prepared complexes were isolated and characterized by (FT-IR) and (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, flame atomic absorption technique, thermo gravimetric analysis, in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. A theoretical treatment of these ligands and prepared complexes in gas phase were studied using Hyper chem.8 program, moreover, ligands in gas phase also have been studied using Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs).

A Schiff base ligand 2-{(E)-[2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol[LF] was prepared by condensation ofsalicylaldehyde with 2-aminophenol. The [LF] ligand wascharacterized by usingmelting point measurement, F.T.IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. New series of transition metal complexes of Cu (II), Co (II) and Rh (III) ions were synthesized with this Schiff base. The complexes were characterized by using FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, metal analysis spectrophotometer, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The metal coordinated with Schiff base through nitrogen azomethine and phenolic hydroxyl oxygen atoms of the ligand. Magnetic susceptibility data coupled with electronic spectra and suggest a square planar geometry for the Cu(II) complex and octahedral structure for the Co(II) and Rh(III) complexes

Derivative spectrophotometric (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were developed for the determination of Sulphamethoxazole)SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP)antibiotic binary mixture by applying zero-crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture while simultaneous determination of (SMX) and (TMP) in tabletsusing D4at waveleanth 257.8 nm and 251.5 nm for (SMX) and (TMP) the correlation coefficient of calibration curves were 0.9992 and 0.9995. Linearity is maintained within a wide concentration range from 2.00 to 25.00 mg/l, withrelative error (-0.11 and 0.60) the LOD (0.360 and 0.382 mg/L) and LOQ and (1.200 and1.275 mg/L) respectively.No interference found between both determined and those of matrices. A good accuracy and precision of simultaneous determination of (SMX), and (TMP) were confirmed by statistical analysis. The percentage recovery of the individual drugs under the established conditions is ranged from 97.23% to 102.13 %. This method was compared with the method using F test. The procedures do not require any separation step

The research includes the prepration of stationary phase of organic material from 10% Di Iso
Nonyl Phthalate (DIP) and 5% Di Nonyl Phthalate (DNP) for separation xylene isomers in
petroleum derivatives by gas chromatography technique and for the purpose of designation optimal
condition and determine the stationary phase selectivity by polar and polar materials separated and
calculate the resolution degree for compared with columns chromatographic classic, Poly Ethylene
Glycol (PEG) 20% and capillary column (DP5) that separate on stationary phase column from
preprate is the best record for the separation xylene isomers, and high resolution degree for meta
and para xylene

The inhibition of the corrosion of Zinc in 2 M HCl by guaifenesin has been investigated at room temperature using weight loss measurements. Results obtained showed that guaifenesin is a good inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency (IE %) increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration since it was 81%. At 300 ppm.The surface coverage was 0.81 at 300 ppm inhibitor concentration; hence the optimum concentration was 300 ppm. Theoretical calculations investigate by studying the relationship between molecular structure and inhibition efficiency by using semi-empirical molecular quantum calculations within the PM3 method as implemented in Hyper Chem package

New modified poly(vinyl chloride) was prepared by reacting of PVC with heterocyclic compounds that have thiole group (SH) in tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Heterocyclic compounds were characterized by FTIR,1H NMR spectroscopy and CHN analysis, while the new polymers have been characterized by FTIR spectrophotometers; the optical properties of synthesized new polymers were studied

New series of benzothiazole-2-thiol (2-MBT) derivatives were synthesized and Structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of 1H NMR in DMSO-d6 andFTIR in KBr spectral data. Acetylene derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 2-MBT with 3-bromo propyne in base medium (Nucleophilic Substitution reaction-SN2) that gives (2-(prop-2-yn-1-ylthio) benzo[d]thiazole)85% yield, these derivative was oxidized by using mixture of potassium dichromate and concentrated sulphuric acid in presence of glacial acetic acid as a solvent to give (2-(prop-2-yn-1-ylsulfonyl) benzo[d]thiazole)72% yield.Mannich reactions were done by using (2-(prop-2-yn-1-ylsulfonyl)benzo[d]thiazole), Para formaldehyde and various secondary amines in the presence of cuprous chloride as a catalyst and dioxane as a solvent to give different derivatives 44-68% yield, and we think these compounds may have biological activity

Ion selective electrodes for phenytoin were prepared using sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) ionophore and various plasticizers: di-n-butylphthalate (DBPH), tri-n-butylphosphate(TBP), o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (ONPOE)and di-octylphenylphosphonate (DOPH). The response characteristics of these electrodes, including slope of the calibration plot, the corresponding concentration range, detection limit, response time, life time, pH effect, and selectivity were studied. The experimental results showed that the best electrode was based on DOPH and DBPH as plasticizers, displaying a linear range from1.00×10−1M to 1.00 × 10−5M and 1.00×10−1M to 2.00×10−5with a Nernstian slope of 26.6 mV/decade and 26.2 mV/decade, correlation coefficient of 0.9993 and 0.9989, The detection limit was 6.00×10−6M and 9.00×10−6, the lifetime was around 30 and 28 days respectively. The proposed electrodes were successfully applied to the determination of phenytoin in a pharmaceutical preparation

A computer program based on Monte Carlo method had been designed and written in visual basic computer language and utilized for simulating the classic problem of gamma ray beam incident on finite plane slabs of absorbing materials. The source geometry adopted in this program is plane normal source. Dose buildup factor of gamma photons in the absence and presence pair production effect have been calculated in the energy range (4-10) MeV for Aluminum and Lead up to 5 mean free path thickness. Dose buildup factor in the presence of pair production is higher than dose buildup factor in the absence of pair production effect. The deviation between the values of dose buildup factor in the presence and absence pair production is increased when the energy is increased within the studied energy range because the cross section for pair production is increased within the studied energy range

In the present work, studies the effect UV-radiation dose(1 J/cm²-360 J/cm²) with power 15 W to Lexan track detector thickness175 μm. Absorbance –A was measured at wavelength 300 nm and305 nm by usingUV-visiblespectroscopy and measure the transmission percent–T% and deviation at the wavenumber-w940cm-1by using Fourierinfrared –FTIR spectroscopy. The relationship between the radiation dose of the UV-radiation(J/cm²) and the absorbance-Aat wavelength 300 nm and 305 nm and the wavenumber-w 940 cm-1was calculate as a polynomial relation .The present study show that there is a possibility to use the detector Lexan to assessment doses of exposure to UV-radiation in the medical and environmental fields

Gamma ray spectroscopy technique with detector of high purity germanium (HPGe, 30% efficiency, energy separation 2.2keV at 1332keV for Co-60 isotope) connected toGINE-2000program, has been used to measure the specific activity of ten soil samples taken from the new location of Al-Iraqia University 30 km north to Baghdad. Results have shown that the average specific activity of Pb-214, Bi-214 nuclides, as an equivalent to the U-238 specific activity is 15.4320.936Bq/kg and 14.6541.33 Bq/kgfor the (Ac-228, Ti-208) as an equivalent to the Th-232. On the other hand, the average specific activityof K-40 was 772.5300.87 Bq/Kg and (6.9520.79Bq/kg) for CS-137 isotope. An agreement has been found between the present results and the allowable lower limit values considered by the IAEA for specific activity

In this work, the effect of geometry of copper electrode employed in electrolytic analysis cell used for metal purification was studied. These effects are apparent when studying the electrical characteristics of such cell as the geometry of the electrode determines the most important parameters of an electrolytic analysis cell; electric field and current density. Three different geometries of the electrodes were considered in thiswork. To produce mass amount of pure metal, large surface electrodes have to be used at reasonably higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid, while the variation of acetic acid concentration causes little variation in current density and hence produced amount of pure metal. Highly increasing rate of current densities would be achieved but the electrolyte would be changed to undesired or inapplicable form since the conductivity of the electrolyte is very sensitive to the changes in concentration. The electrolytic analysis cells are efficiently used to prepare highly pure metals in electrolyte solutions

This research designed to studythe effects of flaxseed oil (0.25 ml) orally given for 28 days on the total cholesterol concentration and on lipid lipoprotein in the blood of cholesterol fed rats.Methods:Randomly 12 adult female rats were divided into 4 groups (3 animals for each group). The control group ( group I) were fed with standard pellet diet, the second group (group II) were fed with 1% cholesterol diet, the third group (group III) were daily administered (0.25 ml) of the flaxseed oil along with high cholesterol diet, and the fourth group (group IV) received daily (0.25 ml) of flaxseed oil. Results:The results showed a disturbance state in blood lipids in the animals that fed with diet contain cholesterol characterized with significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) and the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) in the serum and a significant decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) concentration. Also the result showed that flaxseed oil administration has no protective effects against this lipid disturbance which induced by cholesterol use. Conclusion: The treatment with flaxseed oil didn’t cause significant decrease in total cholesterol level and didn't cause increase the level of High density lipoprotein in the plasma of treated rats

Asthma is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the upper airways and it`s one of the most common diseases complicating pregnancy and represents a risk factor for several maternal and perinatal complications. The natural history of asthma is known to changein pregnancy, but very few data are available in the terms of pathomechanism of this change during gestation. Circulating heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels are decreased in healthy pregnancy, which might reflect physiological immunotolerance. The aim of our study was to determine the serum levels of Hsp70 in asthmatic women during gestation. Fifty pregnant women with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy pregnant women matched for maternal and gestational age were involved in this case-control study. Serum Hsp70 levels were measured using the Bioassay ELISA Kit. In asthmatic pregnant women, an increase of serum Hsp70 levels was observed compared to healthy pregnant women (median18–75 percentile): 0.46 ng/ml versus 0.16 ng/ml p<0.001). Fetal birth weight of asthmatic mothers was significantly smaller than of healthy controls, but in the normal range (3,580 g versus 3,230 g, p>0.05). A statistically significant negative correlation between maternal age and serum Hsp70 concentrations (p<0.05) and a significant were detected in healthy pregnant women. This study proves an elevation of circulating Hsp70 levels during asthmatic pregnancy compared to healthy pregnant women.

Heatshockproteins(HSPs)weresynthesizedunderdifferentkindsofstressconditionsandactasmolecularchaperonesforproteinmolecules.Theseproteinswerefirstfoundincellsthatwereexposedtohightemperature,theyarecalled"heatshockprotein.Severalriskfactorsareinvolvedinthepathogenesisofautoimmunerheumaticdiseases,includinggeneticfactors,smoking,chronicinfections,sexhormones,stressandHSP70.Inthispresentstudytheroleofheatshockprotein70wasinvestigatedinpathogenesisandimmuneresponseinrheumatoidarthritis(RA).Thisstudywasconductedonfiftysamplesofrheumatoidarthritispatients.Inadditiontwentysamplesofsuperficiallyhealthyvolunteers.AllthesesampleswereusedfordeterminingtheconcentrationofHSP70.Theresultsofstudydemonstratetheexistenceofhighsignificantdifference(P≤0.001),betweenpatientsandcontrolgroupwhentheconcentrationofHSP70wasmeasuredforallsamples.Thisstudyalsodemonstratesslightstatisticaldifferences(P≤0.05),amongstudiedgroupswhentakenintoconsiderationthegender,agegroupsandcharacteristicsofsmoking.ItisconcludedthattheconcentrationofHSP70isincreasingatthebeginningofthediseaseanditishigherinRApatientscomparedwithcontrol,alsoitishigherinfemalethaninmalegroups

This study was designed to determine the relationship between the levels of lipid profile in diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. Blood samples were collected from patients under 40 years old with diabetes type 2 and suffering from hypertension. Lipid profile was determined enzymaticlly by using kits. Results revealed that the level of cholesterol was significantly increased in diabetic patients with hypertension more than diabetic patients only. Also the level of triglyceride (TG) was significantly higher in patients suffering from diabetes with hypertension than patients suffering from diabetes only. A significant decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein was recorded in diabetes patients who are suffering from hypertension than patients with diabetes only.There was asignificant increase in the level of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in male than female patients

One hundred and five (105) corneal scraping samples were taken from patients suffering of microbial keratitis referred to Ibn Al-Haitham Eye Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. After culturing on the related selective media, results showed that 73 of the samples were positive for occurrence of microorganisms; of these, 68 (64.76%) were belonged to bacterial and 5 (6.85%) to fungi. After the bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical examinations, the following species and percentages were recorded: Pseudomonas aeruginosa 29(39.73%), Staphylococcus aureus22 (30.14%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis17 (23.28%). While the fungal isolates were belonged to Aspergillus niger3 (4.12 %) and Alternariaspp. 2 (2.73 %) according to their identification through the cultural and microscopic examinations, in addition to the types and shapes of fungal spores. Upon such findings, P. aeruginosa was the predominant bacteria and A. niger the prevalent fungi. Regarding to the patients gender, it was found that cases of microbial keratitis in the samples were more abundant in males 41 (56.16%) than in females32 (42.85%).Patients group of age (41-59) years was the most microbial keratitis infected group with a percentage of (30.20%), while the lowest infected group was (≥ 60) year with a percentage of (17.80%).

This study was designed to detect and evaluate two of the virulence factors, hyaluronidase and streptokinase,produced by local isolates ofStreptococcus pyogenesobtained from children suffering frompharyngitis. Results showed that30 out of 135 suspected bacterial isolates obtained from 85 pharyngeal swaps were able to produce hemolysis and considered to belong to Group A streptococci. Only 4 of these were sensitive to bacitracin, and were regarded as S. pyogenes. All four isolates were able to produce streptokinase by using the casinolytic assay method, only 3 of themshowed ability to produce hyaluronidase by using two methods; plate assay method and turbidity reduction assay method

Prior to discharge to the environment, domestic wastewater must generally contain not greater than trace levels of various contaminants.This study was conducted touse of naturally avialable ceramic raw materials, without harmful effects on the environment or humanand the wastewater brought from Al_Rustamia Location in Baghdad. The efficiency was calculated by evaluating Total Suspended Solid(TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Phosphat (PO4), and Nitrite (NO3). The wastewater treatment done by using pellet filter , six successful manufactured media and the treatment achieved by three stages , one day, five days and ten days. The unit operation of the treatment system done by two ways aerated system with media, and the second aeration without using ceramic mediawherethattreatmentwithceramicmediawith aerationwasbetter thanthe treatment with aerationonly. The results of treatment of ceramic media with aeration show that the two mixtures gives better removal efficiency of the contimanate materials. These mixtures are mix number (3) and mix number (12).The parameters that indicates the removal efficiency for mix number (3) in the first day were (TSS 68%), (BOD576%), (COD 83%), (PO496%) and (NO394%). Themixtures number (12) was (TSS 78%), (BOD580%), (COD 96%) and (NO398%).The removal efficiency for wastewater quality parameter using aeration without media was (TSS 70%), (BOD520%), (COD 77%), (PO482%), and (NO3100%). The removal for mix number (3) after five days of treatment was (TSS 86%), (BODS91%),(COD 85%), (PO494%) and for (NO381%).For mix number (12) the removal efficiency was (TSS ,89%),(BOD593%),(COD 85%),(PO494%) and (NO378%). Aeration only gives removal efficiency as (TSS 78%),(BOD586%),(COD 80%),(PO496%) and (NO374%). After ten days of treatment mix number (3) the removal was (TSS 80%), (BOD590%), (COD 76%), (PO496%) and (NO380%). While the results for mix number (12) was (TSS 84%), (BOD595%), (COD 81%), (PO492%) and (NO380%). The removal efficiency for wastewater quality parameters by aeration only was (TSS 69%), (BOD592%), (COD 73%), (PO468%) and (NO377%)

In this paper, we shall consider the approximation to the mean and variance of moments method estimators due to gamma distribution by using Taylor series expansion approach. This approach showed that the estimators are asymptotically unbiased with mean square error approach zero as the sample size approach infinity. The theoretical approach assessed practically by using monte-carlo simulation

In this paper, an Eco-Epidemiological model with different infectious diseases in prey population and the optimal harvesting in predator population is proposed and studied. Linear type used to describe the functional response. Sufficient and necessary conditions for existence each equilibrium points of the system are established, the bounded and stability analysis of all possible equilibrium points are studied. The effec to fharvest on the stability of this system is investigated. Finally, the dynamical behavior of system is discussedusing Numerical simulation