Hammurabi journal for studies

The research aims to analyze the employment of Chinese military power in the South China Sea, as the issue of the South China Sea is an important topic at the regional and international levels, and occupies great strategic importance in the Chinese strategic perception. This prompted China to use several means to control this sea, including military means, which China often does not reveal in its foreign policies. The reason for using military means in the South China Sea is due to the importance of the South China Sea in several respects for China.

The research is deals with clarifying the concept of the market and some of the aspirations of economists, socialists and anthropologists, that is, how economists view markets as a transaction through which one commodity is exchanged for another and neglect its social aspect, which gives it vitality.

The political decision-making process of a state depends on the choices adopted by the leaders and individuals entrusted with the decision-making process according to the mechanisms followed, which affect the state’s policy in international affairs. The decision-making process is complicated according to the specified data. One of the most important examples of the complexity of decision-making process is decision-making in US foreign policy. Usually, official institutions take over the decision-making process, especially the institutions referred to in the constitution. What distinguishes US foreign policy is the involvement of unofficial institutions in the decision-making process. These institutions affect the decision-making process because of their direct impact on policy makers, especially by pressuring them or supporting them in their electoral campaigns, which in some cases the decision-making process is linked to the interests of these informal institutions.

Hegel is one of the first theorists of the modern state philosophy, based on two points: the first point (the dialectical principle), which means every change as a result of a conflict between contradictory cases, leads to the identification of a new image of a new state that is superior to its predecessor.

The dialectical contradiction was the central point in that logic, and a basic basis upon which a new understanding of the world rests, leading to the emergence of a new theory different from others.

Hegel's philosophy was known as the 'Perfectionism Philosophy', based on the theory of the inevitable development of history until reaching perfection, which was known as dialectics or Polemical.

As for the second point (the nation-state), his theory which led to a special meaning of the state, continued to distinguish the German theory during the nineteenth century AD, where the rulers and the ruled are subject to the law of reason. The state is (a reality that embodies a moral idea), rather it is (the mind in itself and for itself, the individual does not reach the (total mind), only through the people, and in the people the moral character is realized.

The Hegelian state is a totalitarian, national, ideological and bureaucratic state in form, but in essence it is interchangeable and variable by its own dialectic. Although it is conservative in terms of system and constitution, it is revolutionary in the nature of its powers and internal and external relations.

The international community has witnessed the worst and most dangerous epidemics since the end of 2019, as the Corona virus (Covid-19) has had great effects and repercussions on society, for imposing threats over the world in all fields (economic, political, and social as well as health aspects), as this virus has paralyzed all economic sectors, especially in developed countries, including the United States of America and China. In addition to its impact on the international system and the state. Corona virus was not just a disease that most countries were exposed to, but rather it is an international issue that requires everyone to join hands and cooperate in order to eliminate it.

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits, it is the act or process of transferring or acquiring general knowledge, of developing powers of thinking and judgment, of preparing oneself or others intellectually for life.
The Ministry of Education manages the education system at a federal level and this includes the management of universities and federal schools. Public schools and institutions of higher education are subject to regional control by the ministry at the state. The education sector was supposed to receive a lot of attention because it allowed a way for the development of the country, but unfortunately, the quality and standard of education in Nigeria is poor because it has not been given enough attention.

This research dealt with the regional interventions affecting the Egyptian policy towards Ethiopia, represented by Israel, Sudan, South Sudan and the African Union, as Israel plays an important role in the Nile Basin region as it provides support to Ethiopia and stimulates the conflict between it and Egypt, as these external forces affect the interactions between The two countries play the role of a creator or catalyst for conflict or cooperation in their desire to achieve their national interests in that region, as Israel provides financial and technical support to Ethiopia in building water projects and dams on the Blue Nile River in order to influence the downstream countries (Egypt and Sudan) and weaken them politically And economically, because the Nile River is the lifeblood of Egypt and Sudan.
The research also dealt with the secession of South Sudan and its impact on the Egyptian policy towards Ethiopia by providing material and technical support for the establishment of Ethiopian dams, as this support is considered a catalyst for the conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia. He also dealt with the African Union and its role in influencing Egyptian policy towards Ethiopia. Its role in the Renaissance Dam crisis between Egypt and Ethiopia was ineffective, as it was demanding the continuation of negotiations in order to reach a binding agreement.

The method of spending money is among the methods adopted by the Abbasid Caliphs to impose their control and establish their authority. Preserving their powers and containing their enemies, as the rulers worked to bring the writers closer by endowing them with money, gifts, and prizes in order to work on theorizing of authority and legitimizing its work. Therefore, the Abbasids endeavored to buy receivables, attract scholars and scholars, hold debates, translate books, and pour money on these scholars and writers. In addition to that, important positions were assigned to them in the state, so these people were cut off from serving the caliph or the sultan, so they classified books for them to gain their approval and gifts.

The current study aims to identify the social problems of female workers in shopping centers, and the importance of the study is to shed light on an important issue in Iraqi society, which is the social problems facing working women. Iraqi women are exposed to many problems and obstacles that stand in the way of their work outside the home. Among the most prominent of these is the negative view of society. Monitoring the problems facing working women can contribute to the design of educational awareness programs and activities for all members of society to draw their attention to the importance of the role played by women.
The problem of the study lies in the importance of the role that women play during their work, they still suffer from injustice and inequality between them and men. The region prevailed in the past; A long time ago, women began to engage in voluntary social work as an inevitable result of the negative attitude of society at the time regarding their participation in official work. It has endeavored with all its capabilities to prove its ability to give, and to demonstrate the importance of its role in society and production. And women tended to commit to any work that secures their daily needs, even if it was within cafes and shopping centers, and during their work in these places, they faced many social problems, most notably the society’s view towards them, and the pressures they suffer from parents and partners, which the current study seeks to address this matter by research and investigation. To explore all aspects associated with it, which affect it.
Where in the current study, reliance was made on a sample social survey due to the difficulty of applying to all members of the original community, the original community of the study consisted of all the women working in shopping centers in the city of Baghdad, and the researcher was unable to obtain accurate data for the numbers of the original community due to the absence of official statistics to prove The original number of women working in shopping centers, and accordingly the researcher applied her research in malls.

This scientific article deals with the beginning creation and appearing term strategy in military literature including (the art of war), it developed during the military history in general, its functioning for political purposes and interests, and how military leaders and professionals in this way of practical and applied knowledge explaining concepts and principles of this term? In this scientific article, we will be studying too what is the urgency for the lexical borrowing and using the concept of the term «strategy», and what developments from it like the term «strategic management», or what the lexical building words from it to the civilian universities and other organizations on the theoretical and practical levels in real life ?.