Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

Leishmania is a Flagellate protozoa that causes a chronic illness called leishmaniasis. The majority of cases for this worldwide illness are found in the Mediterranean region, South America, and some parts of Africa and Asia. There are three primary forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Leishmania diagnosis is done by founding the amastigote stage in clinical specimens by direct microscopic inspection. There are several therapies for cutaneous ,The use of immune factors of leishmaniasis helps in how the disease is treated in recent years

The protozoan Acanthamoeba can significantly damage vision. It enters eye through contaminated contact lenses or water and, immediately kills target cells. This study aimed to use Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract as a treatment for Acanthamoeba castellani experimentally infected mouse eyes. Samples of Matricaria chamomilla plants were acquired from nurseries in the Basrah Province. Following the preparation of plant extracts, gas contact mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the active components, showing that aqueous plant extract of Matricaria chamomilla included active substances like alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and flavones. Corneal scrapings were collected from patients in Basrah Teaching Hospital. The isolated protozoan has been morphologically classified in the collected specimens to the genus level depending on cyst morphology, given the genus A. Castellani. Plant extracts from Matricaria chamomilla have been examined in vivo for their capacity to destroy Acanthamoeba cells. Acanthamoeba trophozoites (6 x 104 cells per ml) were inoculated into the eyes of healthy BALB/C mice (Mus musculus) and used for histological tests. The effects of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous plant extract on mice with healthy eyes showed that the epithelial layer healed, returning to its standard histological structure, and the protozoa went away.

Objective: Isolation the bacteria from food source has a probiotic characterization and evaluate the inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Lactic acid bacteria from various sources are isolated by the MRS-CaCO3Agar medium, the isolates were purified and microscopic, biochemical were tested. The antibacterial activity of cell free supernatant (CFS) against Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli also testing. The isolate was selected based on high inhibitory activity and genetic diagnosis were performed. Results: the highest inhibitory diameter against Gram-positive bacteria was recorded with a diameter of 13 mm to Staph aureus. The results showed that the bacterial isolate Gram positive, immobile, negative for catalyze, Esculin hydrolysis, and CO2 production from glucose, grows at 10- 45⸰C, 2- 6.5% Nacl, and at pH 4.5- 6.9. It had the ability to ferment of sucrose, mannitol, arabinose, sorbitol and xylose. The diagnosis of isolation has been genetically confirmed to the species Enterococcus faecium. Conclusion: The E. faecium can be considered as probiotics in a safe manner to adaptive immune, in addition to the possibility of using it as a potential source of natural antibacterial agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Objective: a descriptive and practical study was conducted on a random sample of 150 infants had taken from child health care centers in Basrah governorate (Iraq), who fed on breast milk or dried formula milk and involved males with females at age 1month old and they were followed for the full 12 months of their lives to show the impact of the milk type on the child’s health , growth and body characteristics. Results: The most remarkable results showed that all infants were had their own vaccines. 40.9% of breastfed babies were dynamically active , while 100% of formula lactation babies were inactive and lethargic . All breastfed babies were not refuse suckles from mother breast while formula fed babies were refuse. Also , 27.3% of breastfeeding babies had diarrhea and vomiting compared to 72.7% who didn’t had , whereas an opposite ratios 75% , 25% was in formula feeding babies . Moreover , 27.3% of breastfed babies were had a walking delay compared to 67.9% of formula fed babies. In body measurements, the breastfeeding babies were gain weight more over formula lactation babies, where the average weight gain was 12-18gm in 4-20 weeks and increased to 46gm in 48 weeks post-birth. In favor of breastfed infants, the head perimeter growth rate was 2-3 cm between the months of 5-12 and the rate of increasing body length was 4-5 cm per month , along full year of their age. Conclusions: Mother's milk ensures a healthy and optimal infant diet that meets all of the infant's nutritional needs that help the child grow more efficiently in terms of motor and skill activity, as well as psychological and cognitive development, which is socially reflected by improved parent-child relationship. It has a strong effect on naturally increasing of weight, height and head size, increases immunity and prevents diseases such as scurvy and rickets.

The ovarian follicles generate the hormone known as AMH(Anti-Müllerian hormone). The hormone AMH shows higher levels in patients who have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The research investigates the connection between AMH hormone levels in PCOS patients through hormone analysis of women with the syndrome versus a control group. AMH levels are measured to assess the ovary's capacity to generate eggs, which is advantageous for reproductive treatments, and to diagnose PCOS by identifying an increased number of tiny follicles. The current study included 90 Iraqi women (aged 18-40 years): 46 with PCOS and a control group of 44 healthy women. Blood samples were taken from the study participants to evaluate the levels of certain hormones, including AMH. The following parameters were studied: AMH levels were significantly elevated in both normal weight and overweight/obese PCOS women compared to their respective control groups. This is a hallmark of PCOS, reflecting increased ovarian follicle count. The p-value of 0.015* shows this for normal weight PCOS vs. normal weight control group. AMH (ng/ml) (Anti-Müllerian Hormone): levels are significantly p ≤ 0.05 higher in PCOS women

o allow poultry to be produced with good producibility and safety with high-quality products, the avian immune system is essential. Vaccinations, feed supplements, and other treatments have been shown to improve innate immunity in a variety of animals throughout the last ten years. Based on this study, it is demonstrated whether synthetic IgY might effectively induce trained innate immunity in chickens to improve their defense mechanisms against viral infection. This study made use of 120 one-day-old chicks and assigned them to six categories; G1, chicks were given only natural ration and water; G2, chicks were treated with ND vaccine; Groups 3,4, and 5 were treated with IgY orally, IM, and SQ respectively; G6, chicks were treated orally by IgY+ND vaccine, all treatment done at 12th days old, after 3 weeks the blood has been collected and Hemagglutination inhibitions (HI) test performed for all chicks’ groups. The body weight significantly (P≤0.5) increased in week one and week two in groups that received IgY orally and synergistic group vs. the other group, while in week three, all groups that received IgY, more specifically oral route showed highly significant (P≤0.5) increasing vs. to the other groups. The IgY increased immunity in chicks after each challenge significantly vs. the other groups including the ND vaccine group, followed by the synergistic group also showed a peak in immunity (P≤0.5). According to the study, broiler chicks given chicken IgY had higher HI titters and higher protection rates, and the oral IgY produced better outcomes.