Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

This research presents a semiotic study of the phenomenon of textual
interconnection and its contribution to the semantic formation of the
poem ‘’Abu Tammam and the Arabism of the Day by Al-Baradouni’’.
The study is based on tracking the linguistic signs that indicate absent
texts in the deep semantic structure of the text, and their role in showing
the contrast between the meaning of victory and defeat, as the meaning of
victory was formed through the textual relationship with Abu Tammam’s
father in the conquest of Amuriya. As for the meaning of defeat, it has
been linked to a number of modern poetic texts, such as “A Statement in
the Poetry Court by Nizar Qabbani” and some of Mahmoud Darwish’s
poems, such as “On Resilience” and “A Soldier Dreaming of White
Lilies”. Some of the semantic structures of these poems were found in the
deep semantic structure of the poem under study. Al-Baradouni, through
the mechanism of dissolution and absorption, left quick linguistic
indicators or signs indicating it which contributed to shaping the meaning
of the poem. When applying the semiotic square (which is one of the
analytical techniques formulated by Greimas to analyze dual semiotic
concepts in greater depth) to the poem, it became clear that there are four
main connotations in the text: victory, defeat, strength associated with
honesty, and weakness associated with false information. The study
showed the existence of a non-gradual contradiction between the meaning
of victory and defeat, and the existence of a complementary and
necessary relationship between victory and the strength associated with
honesty, and a gradual contradictory relationship between victory and
weakness associated with false media, because the weakness associated
with false media will necessarily lead to defeat, and honesty associated
with strength will necessarily lead to victory. The poet expressed these
connotations by relying on four mechanisms of intertextual integration:
textual attachment, parody, quotation, dissolution and absorption The
study showed that in every new reading of a literary text, signs that refer
to other signs can be discovered, which contribute to interpreting the text
and re-understanding it in a deeper.

The research aims at revealing the representations of the poet’s mental
presence, through three mental powers, which represent the poet’s ability
to manage them. These mental powers are: retentive power,
discriminating power, and innovative power, as presented by AlQartajani. By means of these powers poetry is produced and the poetic
image is formed .
The methodology of the research is intended to probe the
philosophical roots of the three powers in Al-Qartajani’s book (The
Platform Of The Rhetoricians And The Lamp Of The Writers), then it
relies on the descriptive and analytical approaches, attempting to reveal
the representations of mental presence in the realm of poetic creativity .
Regarding the problem, two aspects of the problem are represented,
the first is the difficulty of finding applicable models that are highly
aligned with the concept of each of the three powers, the second is the
attempt to re-read the heritage through Al-Qartajani’s philosophical view,
and revealing the representations of the poet’s presence of mind .
As for the results, they lie in shedding light on the effectiveness of the
three powers, and the possibility of exploiting their effects in honing
Poets’ talents and evoking their poetic spirit. The results also illustrated
the effectiveness of imagination and its role in constructing meanings that
captivate the listeners .
Additionally, the study clearly reveals the effectiveness of mental
presence in sharpening the energies of poetry and constructing new
vocabularies, with precise description and expression that deviate from
the confines of declarative and vulgar meanings .

Walt Whitman is one of America\\\\\\\'s most iconic poets. He is renowned for
his innovative and linguistic style, which embodies the spirit of revolution.
His poem \\\\"Song of Myself\\\\" from his collection \\\\"Leaves of Grass\\\\" captures
the essence of this revolutionary spirit, as it challenges traditional norms
and explores the possibilities of realizing the American ideal. The study
delves into the process of power and its ability to regenerate a sense of life.
This analysis not only sheds light on Whitman\\\\\\\'s unique use of language
and form but also explores how his poetry captures the possibilities of
realizing the American ideal. Whitman’s use of the present participial form
in the closing lines of \\\\"Song of Myself,\\\\" where he writes \\\\"I stop
somewhere waiting for you,\\\\" is a prime example of his innovative
linguistic style and his vision of the present being connected to both the
past and the future. This paper attempts to analyze this poem in the light of
socio-cognitive approach.

This research presents a semiotic study of the phenomenon of textual
interconnection and its contribution to the semantic formation of the
poem ‘’Abu Tammam and the Arabism of the Day by Al-Baradouni’’.
The study is based on tracking the linguistic signs that indicate absent
texts in the deep semantic structure of the text, and their role in showing
the contrast between the meaning of victory and defeat, as the meaning of
victory was formed through the textual relationship with Abu Tammam’s
father in the conquest of Amuriya. As for the meaning of defeat, it has
been linked to a number of modern poetic texts, such as “A Statement in
the Poetry Court by Nizar Qabbani” and some of Mahmoud Darwish’s
poems, such as “On Resilience” and “A Soldier Dreaming of White
Lilies”. Some of the semantic structures of these poems were found in the
deep semantic structure of the poem under study. Al-Baradouni, through
the mechanism of dissolution and absorption, left quick linguistic
indicators or signs indicating it which contributed to shaping the meaning
of the poem. When applying the semiotic square (which is one of the
analytical techniques formulated by Greimas to analyze dual semiotic
concepts in greater depth) to the poem, it became clear that there are four
main connotations in the text: victory, defeat, strength associated with
honesty, and weakness associated with false information. The study
showed the existence of a non-gradual contradiction between the meaning
of victory and defeat, and the existence of a complementary and
necessary relationship between victory and the strength associated with
honesty, and a gradual contradictory relationship between victory and
weakness associated with false media, because the weakness associated
with false media will necessarily lead to defeat, and honesty associated
with strength will necessarily lead to victory. The poet expressed these
connotations by relying on four mechanisms of intertextual integration:
textual attachment, parody, quotation, dissolution and absorption The
study showed that in every new reading of a literary text, signs that refer
to other signs can be discovered, which contribute to interpreting the text
and re-understanding it in a deeper