NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) stands as one of the earliest and
most pervasive optimization challenges, aiming to streamline the
salesman\'s travel route, ensuring efficiency and avoiding redundancy.
With an extensive number of cities to visit and the requirement to find
the shortest route, solving the TSP becomes computationally daunting.
To tackle this, various approaches are explored, including the genetic
algorithm. This study employs a modified genetic algorithm, inspired by
biological processes such as population dynamics, crossover, mutation,
and natural selection. Introducing a novel intersection approach
amalgamating sliding flipping and swapping methods, the study
investigates towns with populations ranging from (10, 50) to (150, 200)
across two scenarios. In the first scenario, experiments were conducted
with a fixed iterations (10000) and a population is (150), resulting in
execution times of 20.00 s, 55.14 s, 37.11 s, and 120.14 s when choose
the cities (100, 200, 10, 20), respectively. In the second scenario, the
population sizes of 50 or 100, and iteration numbers of 1000 or 500 were
explored. The times needed for solution determination were 01.20 s,
02.30 s, 02.74 s, and 17.15 s for cities (10, 20, 100, 200), in accordance.
Notably, the study’s outcomes indicated that there is a proportional
relationship between iteration, population, and the number of cities.
When integrating the three techniques, a shorter and faster path is
achieved compared to the standard genetic algorithm outcomes

The current study was conducted on the Entamoeba gingivalis parasite, where 81 samples were collected from females in the form of gingival pocket swabs from visitors to the Periodontal Department of the Teaching Hospital at the College of Dentistry / University of Mosul during the period from December 1, 2019, to January 12, 202. It was distributed among 65 samples from females with gum disease and 16 samples from healthy females without gum disease. The total infection rate with the amoeba parasite was 69.14%. It was distributed among females with gum disease, where the infection rate reached 73.84%, and among females without gum disease, which amounted to 50. %. A number of biochemical tests were conducted on people with gum disease, some of whom had high blood pressure and diabetes, and included measuring the concentration of the hormone cortisol, as well as measuring the activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme. An increase in the concentration of the hormone cortisol and a decrease in the activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme were observed in the group of females suffering from chronic gingivitis compared to the rest of the groups, as well as a decrease in the activity of the enzyme. Amylase in both the group of females with high blood pressure and diabetes compared to the control group at the probability level (p ≤ 0.005).The study also found an increase in the percentages of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in women infected with the parasite Entamoeba gingivalis at a probability level (p ≤ 0.005).

Giardia lamblia is flagellated intestinal protozoan parasite reported by (WHO) that infect 450 million children and infants worldwide. A totally 450 stool samples taken from patients with ages 1-12 years old in Kirkuk hospitals. Results showed that a percentage of positive samples G. lamblia by microscopic examination was (4.88%) and negative samples was (91.9%). While , Conventional PCR recorded the percentage of infected (5.45%) in males and (4.34%) in females. According to month/years the infected patients in the June/may/February recorded (7.4%, 5.3%, 5%) and lowest infected patients (2.5% - 2.8%) in December and January . The highest infected patients found (5.6%) in Rural area and lowest infected patients found (4%) in Urban area. Molecular G.lamblia was detected by PCR using 18S rRNA sequence specific primers. The infected found (25%) in males and lowest infected found (20%) in females. According to age group the infected was (42.9%) in age group (2-4 years) . The infected patients found (28.6%) in Rural area and (12.5%) found in the urban area. Conventional PCR is more specific in the detection of G. lamblia infects in children.

Our contribution entails a number of steps in the preparation of new heterocyclic compounds and some new Schiff bases : a) Ethyl 2-(4-oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazin-3 (4H)-yl) propanoate (2) was formed by converting the ester of anthranilate (1) into the diazonium salt, which then reacted with ethyl alaninate (newly prepared). b) The ester (2) was transformed into ethyl 2-(4-oxobenzo[d]1,2,3-triazine-3(4H)–yl) propanehydrazide (3) through a reaction with 85% of liquid hydrazine. c) The product hydrazide (3) was treated with several reagents and some of aldehydes to synthesize some new heterocyclic compounds, hydrazone and Schiff bases (4–9). In addition, theoretically molecular docking results showed that some of these compounds act as Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (3cjf) inhibitors and have biological activity as anticancer capabilities. The structure assignments of the newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds were based on physical properities, FT-IR, 13C and 1HNMR spectral data.

Nanoparticles are referred to materials of 1-100 nm in size. These nanoparticles have many industrial, agricultural, and medicinal applications. Gold, zinc, silver, and copper nanoparticles may be exploited in microbiology because they can interfere with their growth and inhibit the process of infection; thus, they can be used as novel antimicrobial agents. The mechanism of action includes damage to the cell membrane, formation of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of intracellular enzymes, and may affect DNA replication. The synergistic effects of their activities have been illustrated in numerous research papers all over the world.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised impact with pregnant individuals and their fetuses. This study aims to investigate the association between COVID-19 infection, thrombocytopenia, and hypertension in pregnant women patients, as well as thrombocytopenia in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and/or evaluate the risk of a low platelet count in the context of hypertension.
Prospective data from 150 blood samples, 100 of whom tested positive for COVID-19 through PCR and 50 from the control group, were collected. Based on the statistical analysis, 12.7% of individuals exhibited a low platelet count and 48.7% low blood pressure. Approximately 84.6% showed normal platelet counts with corresponding 44% normal blood pressure levels. Notably, 7.3% of cases were suffering from hypertension and 2.7% from thrombocytosis; compelling evidence emerged suggesting a potential causal link between COVID-19 and an elevated risk of pregnancy-related hypertension disorders. The statistically significant association (p-value less than 0.05).
In conclusion, mothers infected with COVID-19 have reported an increased incidence of hypertension in pregnant women due to thrombocytopenia compared to the control group.