Hammurabi journal for studies

Media treatment of terrorism and intellectual extremism issues in the Iraqi satellite channel (program in the Fist of law) as a model
Media is one of the most powerful tools of modern communication that help the audience to live their times and interact with it. It also has an important role in explaining issues and submitting them to the General view due to media configuration in a special way on issues related to national security، in addition to terrorist crimes worldwide.
The observer of the terrorism phenomenon and extremism finds that it grasps the concerns of peoples and governments all over the world because of its serious effects on security and stability of the state. It becomes clear that the world is facing a criminal، brutal and organized terrorist phenomenon that aims to create a general atmosphere of terror, fear, and threat using violence against members of society and their property، which means that this dangerous phenomenon aims to create confusion, destabilize the society security, and influence their political and economic conditions, thus creates a general chaos، with the aim of amplifying terrorist acts and their destructive psychological effects in society. From this axis, local, Arab, and international media focus, after the events of September 1, 2001 , on terrorist phenomenon, Cross-border extremism and its reflections on the Arab region and the world in terms of causes, elements, and ideology that took the development, comprehensiveness, and use of modern technological methods of terrorist operations.
The current research seeks to identify the role of Iraqi satellite channels in fighting extremist ideology (Analytical study of the program (Fist of Law) /Iraqia satellite channel) as a model.
To achieve the objectives of this study, the analytical descriptive approach is used by analyzing the content of the episodes of the program (In the Fist of the Law( and preparing a content analysis form consisting of two basic categories (how it is said and what is said). The statistical characteristics of a form is verified and it analyzes eight episodes of the program (In the Fist of Law.)
Accordingly, The research is divided into four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the methodological framework and includes (first: problem of the research، second: research importance، third: research objectives، fourth: research methodology، fifth: research procedures، sixth: research community، seventh: research sample، eight: research tools).
The second chapter deals with the Iraqi satellite channels and their role in fighting terrorist ideology. The third chapter deals with an analytical study of the program (in the Fist of law). The last chapter is the conclusion which sums up the findings of the study: I.e. (results and recommendations).

The idea of generality poses many paradoxes that are related to public affairs, and because philosophical thinking is subject to the issues of human existence, and generality is a common concept in contemporary Western political philosophy, so it forms the base of connection between human being and the world.
Today all dimensions of publicity from the perspective of philosophy and politics should be taken into consideration. If the city-state requires the identification of the human being (the citizen), then the state itself requires a distinction between the public and private spheres and their employment according to the public space, which Habermas expressed as constituting the critical mind that employs space (the public gathering has a critical public opinion) and the propaganda that the state uses to direct public opinion. This space constitutes a link with the public and private spheres, which Fraser expressed as a basis for thinking in general within what she called (the life of action) in order to monitor the transformations in social structures and the accompanying transformations in political action. Thinking about publicity (public space) goes back to Kant, who employs the use of reason according to boldness or strength, which imposes courage, independence, responsibility, and will but: what use of reason is possible?
It means the private use and the public use that Habermas expressed as the generality or the public space that is linked to the political action of the state or political practice by framing public opinion and propaganda, which govern the communicative human action at every time and place and impose the communicative act through dialogue, discussion, deliberation, and the debate it imposes. It is considered Contributions to Contemporary Western Political Thought.

Abstract: Turkey has a great place in international strategies according to the view of the geostrategic importance it enjoys, both at the geopolitical, economic, military and security levels. It has also been an effective pillar of regional security arrangements in the Middle East region since the twentieth century. The disintegration of the Soviet Union has expanded its role in the Central Asia, Caucasus, and Middle East regions, which contribute to the evolution of Turkey\\\\'s position in the Russian strategic perception.

Participation of persons belonging to minorities in public affairs in some aspects of political life, and their participation of some non-governmental institutions is necessary to preserve their identity and eliminate their social exclusion. It is part of containing policies adopted by states to guarantee societal varieties concerning public places, non governmental institutions, and civil society Organizations. governments, through public messages, the media, and also through the expression of rejecting violence, persons belonging to minorities in these governments are adequately represented in informal institutions, having the right to vote sometimes, at least in the areas where the majority live, their participation will be meaningful and purposeful and not only symbolic. The role of minorities in the political process after 2003 in Iraq did not resolve their constant presence in the administration of the Iraqi state and their political participation.

This research deals with the role of the Qatari local government in attracting foreign investment, as this investment is an essential and vital focus for both developed and developing countries, and has become the focus of attention of the regimes and governments of these countries. Qatar is one of the richest countries in the world and its economy relies heavily on the oil and natural gas sector and enjoys a leading position in terms of per capita GDP with the highest level of per capita income in terms of GDP internationally. The Qatari economy showed great strength despite the blockade imposed on it and the severing of economic and financial relations with some countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, but it overcame these problems, achieved an increase in the level of its economic growth, and showed great cohesion of its economic sectors. A large percentage of investment flows are concentrated in operations related to the oil sector, ignoring other economic and financial sectors, as it was able to find a good place in the world of foreign investments due to the interest of the Qatari authorities in the development of institutions, and the establishment of an effective system to attract foreign investment, working to increase its attractiveness.

Tunisia, like the Arab countries, suffered from deep-rooted colonial mandates and dictatorships that left behind political, social, economic, and cultural problems. The quest for freedom includes Tunisia for different eras, and the year 2011 is a new beginning for the Tunisian political system. “Mohamed Albo-azizi” who burned himself was a symbolic indication of the reality of a people who have lived for many years under dictatorship. It was followed by a popular uprising, and indeed after the overthrow of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on 17/1/2011, the 2014 constitution had decided the form of the political regime in Tunisia, and the regime became quasi-parliamentary. Between tightening and attracting in the political process, and with the 2019 elections, the political regime became more difficult especially that in one year, three governments were formed. Then President “Qais Saied” came to power and won the presidential elections of Tunisia on January 14, 2019, but in January 2021 protests began against the government of “Hicham El Mechichi” due to police violence and economic conditions caused by Corona pandemic. On July 25, 2021 Qais Saeid suspended the work of People's Assembly and dismissed his prime minister, "Al-Mechishi". A crisis ensued with Nahdha movement, and he seized absolute power on August 25, 2022, after the approval of a new constitution. His opponents began to call him the influencer .

The emerging disease (Covid-19) is one of the diseases that cause great harm to public health and therefore, the outbreak of this disease plays a very important role in eliminating the health of the individual and his life in particular and society in general. So it is required to know the actions that would help spread this disease which constitutes a crime of exposing others to the risk of death or harm to public health, and then entails criminal responsibility of it especially in light of the negligence by the state in applying the amended Iraqi Penal Code No. (111) of 1969, and Public Health Law No. (89) of 1981 ، and put it into effect against individuals who expose others to the risk of contracting the emerging disease (Covid-19) as a result of their negligence and failure to adhere to public health instructions that, if adhered to, would have limited the spread of this disease.

Hence، the interest in researching this topic through the actions that constitute the crime of exposing others to the risk of contracting Corona disease and how the legislation deals with this risk and its impact on its development.

The subject of loyalty rulings occupied the minds of Muslim scholars in the last two centuries. They noticed the most important problem they faced lies in the variables, the problem of competition among them, the legislative constant, and in the developments of facts that seem at first glance to be absent from the texts. So they began to present number of theories that establish the legal dimension in the light of the intentional tendency, and the possibility of developing treatments capable of absorbing societal transformation under the title of the constant and the variable in Islamic law, and presenting the theories of the constant and the variable and what is related to them. The jurists try to overcome the obstacles in front of the law in filling the legislative vacuum with legal formulas to perpetuate tribalism in addressing all facts.

Since administrative decisions are issued by the executive authority in the state, represented by members of public Institutions within their administrative bodies, they are tainted by defects like errors and negligence. Such decisions are subject to such procedures as cancellation, withdrawal, or modification that may be based on a grievance submitted to the administrative authority that issued the administrative decision, to reversing its previous decision. The person affected by the administrative decision may resort to appeal to the judiciary, a right guaranteed by the constitution as well as the laws. However, there are some institutions whose laws resist this method of appeal to the judiciary due to the technical form by which its administrative decisions are characterized. Among these decisions are those related to exam matters, such as cheating, dismissal, school penalties, and other decisions related to students. These decisions are often issued by the Ministries of Higher Education & Scientific Research and Education. This leads to the collision of these legislations with the Iraqi constitution, which stipulates in its Article (100) that: "It is prohibited to stipulate in laws that any work or administrative decision is immune from appeal." This matter needs to be tackled and addressed, which is done by writing this research entitled: (legal organization of appeal against exam decisions In Iraqi legislation), to find a legal treatment for this problem.

The Covid19 is one of the non-traditional security challenges because it transcends borders. It is greater than the ability of a single state to confront it, and requires exceptional global efforts. Its effects were not limited to the health dimension but extended to the political, economic, cultural, and other aspects. Accordingly, the research problem lies in the fact that a large number of studies focused on the health dimension of Covid19, and did not explore its various effects on the world in the present and the future. The research hypothesis is based on the transnational crisis, moving within a short period of time, its effects are multifaceted, negative, positive, and it confused decision-makers in the world, and affected the vision of countries of themselves and of other countries, as it affected global non-traditional security and its various aspects.

The concept of moderation is one of the contemporary concepts and human values that seek to develop the relationship among individuals, groups, and civilizations. Despite the importance of this concept there are obstacles that stand in the way of its application and work such as the spread of discrimination and racism among people of the same nation which stands in opposition to strengthening the unity of society and nation, and the application of the method of moderation. It also includes sectarian obstacles and fanaticism، the spread of Salafi-jihadi discourse, political tyranny , and takfiri violence. For the elimination of these obstacles important components must be consolidated to spread the culture of moderation, tolerance, acceptance, and dialogue with the other for safe, prosperous, settled society. One of the most important of these components is the renewal of ijtihad، bringing sects closer together، and combating extremism to which societies and nations are exposed. These components are important in achieving an integrated and advanced society, keeping pace with developments and renewal, and far from tradition, stagnation, and extremism.

Extremism and its offspring of terrorism impede the progress of people and nations, and its destructive ideas spread over souls and minds until they become a base for demolition that comes on the civilizations of people and nations and their innovations until they make them a dormant harvest as if they will never seek good or build for themselves. Extremism does not only threaten societal peace, public life, and relations among people; Rather, it threatens international peace and security, especially if it shifts from thought and theory to action and implementation, and this shift from thought to action has spread throughout history in many countries of the world, including the Iraqi state, and extremist organizations have used all the weapons of extremism that generate terrorism. In addition to adopting new intellectual techniques and methods aimed at shifting towards what has become internationally known as violent extremism, which has caused bloody conflicts with which political, ideological, and criminal agendas meet, and demonstrated its ability to exploit disrupted relationships within social groups in the state, worked to tear the social fabric among segments of society. This led to a decline in the state of peaceful coexistence, the state’s security system in all its dimensions. The accumulations caused by extremism and the controversies of division that extend and take root and are represented by internal mental wars that overthrow all coexistence and national policies based on moderation and rules of cultural competition, joint ideas, dialogue and national harmony. Thus, these concepts call for defining extremism and its related concepts, and clarifying the extremist character which will be the focus of this research.

This research seeks to support the serious foundations of short literature in poetry and prose, by examining the potentials of poetics that make the text into literature, based on the theory of displacement, even if it means poetry specifically and not prose or the arts of narration, using the concept of poetics at Todorov, after a prose model from the arts of brief literature is chosen, which is the very short story or (micro-story) in the experience of Hannoun Majeed. It is found that it is a compact experience that has aesthetic and semantic elements open to interpretation. It also lures the recipient with amazing paradoxes that achieve (poetic emotion) despite its linguistic intensity, and its reduction of events and details.

Peace talks and negotiations between the American side and Taliban began in 2010 in Turkey, Norway, and Germany, but they were not formal and continued for separate periods with various mediations, they did not reach final solutions to the Afghan crisis, until the negotiating rounds came in 2019 with Qatari mediation in Doha and Moscow to develop negotiations and talks to a more serious framework than its predecessors. It was considered the basis upon which the subsequent rounds are based in order to reach a political reconciliation. These talks resulted in the signing of a peace agreement between Taliban movement and the United States of America in 2020, which restored Taliban to be a key partner in shaping the features of the Afghan future and regain its role in the political scene.

The Arab library is somewhat devoid of theoretical research that discusses in a critical manner the social and psychological concepts circulating among people in general and circulating among scholars, researchers, and specialists in particular. The aim of the current research is to provide a theoretical reading of topics related to human personality in its cognitive (mental) dimension, including the concept of mental organization and intelligence, by providing a historical review of the concept, exposure to related concepts (IQ ratio - Flynn effect), and the subject of individual differences.
In addition, the current research attempts to answer a set of hypothetical questions, the answers of which may serve as an explanatory base for the meaning of mental formation and human intelligence and the connotations associated with it.

This research aimes at identifying communication habits and the implications of content on the communication process, especially the specialized media audience is often characterized by effectiveness, depth, and activity in tracking the media message and interacting with its content. They are positive, dynamic, active, and highly alert audience driven by their interests and psychological informatics so they need to watch specific programs that meet their desires, and this satisfaction is done only through the use of specialized media capable of producing programs that achieve communication and interaction between the ideas that offer it and this public. Therefore, adolescence is one of the main stages in human life and it is determined by its features, temperament, and morals. Every adolescent has his own life starting from his growing up and the impact it has on him. The scholars of education and the soul say that the most important stages of man is adolescence, in which the heart is thin, winnable, reforming, and socially normalizing. The problem of this research is a study of the exposure of adolescents to the specialized satellite channel Cartoon Network and its relationship to the level of their technological culture. The research takes several areas , as it represents the spatial field of research in the specialized CN Arab satellite channel. The sample size is 411 individuals , male and female.

In today\'s world, there are many reasons that lead to the Asian powers to move toward building a network of alliances, partnerships, and various economic blocs. Perhaps the most important feature of these alliances and partnerships is their diversity and multiplicity of causes. It is found that there are common reasons among the powers that prompted them to enter into joint alliances and partnerships such as their rejection of the one-pole system and their desire to get rid of the monetary dominance of the dollar on the global monetary system. There are other reasons that prompted these forces to ally with other partners such as the alliance of India and Japan with the United States of America, and China\'s alliance with Russia, to build a network of international relations based on procurement interests and mutual benefits. Therefore, this research clarifies the most important alliances, partnerships, and global blocs with major powers, as well as regional partnerships and transcontinental economic blocs.