Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

In this work, some new 2,3-disubsituted quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized. The reaction of substituted anthranilicacid with 3-chlorophenylisothiocyanate gave the compounds [3-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-mercaptoquinazoline-4(3H)-one] (1a,b). compounds (1a,b) where treated with chloroethylacetate in presence of potassium carbonate gave the compounds [-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-yl)thio)acetate] (2a,b). Reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded the acetohydrazides [-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2-yl)thio)acetohydrazide](3a,b). The acetoohydrazides (3a,b) were treated with aromatic aldehydes to give the Schiff’s bases [-Nˉ-(3-nitrobenzylidene)acetohydrazide] (5a,b). Treatment of derivatives (1a,b) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the hydrazine derivatives [-2-hydrazinylquinazoilne-4(3H)-one] (4a,b) which also used in synthesizing Schiff’s bases [(E)(2-(3-nitrobenzyllidene)hydrazinyl)] (6a,b). Alkyl halide was treated with compounds (1a,b) in presence acetone to give of [-2-(methylthio)quinazoline-4(3H)-one] (7a,b), and with arylhalide in DMF gave the compounds [-2-((4-nitrophenyl)thio)quinazoline-4(3H)-one)] (8a,b). The structures of all prepared compounds have been elucidated using FTIR,1HNMR, and MASS spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated for (1,5,6,7)a-b derivatives

In the present work, the synthesized of a series of metal ions complexes of [Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)] from new bidentate 2-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(naphthalene-2ylamino) acetonitrile ligand (L) which prepared from 2-naphthaldehyde and naphthalene-2-amine in the presence of KCN andalcoholic medium. These compounds were characterized by using several techniques FT-IR, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, magnetic susceptibility, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, molar conductivity, 1H-NMR, as well as atomic absorption. From the spectral studies, an octahedral monomer structure was proposed for all complexes. The nature of the complexes formed in ethanolic solution has been studied following the molar ratio method and the result recorded [1:2] [M:L] ratio. Some complexes were found to be non-electrolyte and others were found to be weak electrolyte in ethanol. Biological activities of the free ligand and its metal complexes have been tested against a number of microorganisms in order to assess their antimicrobial properties

This research includes the synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives of 1-aminoanthraquinone bearing 2-aminobenzothaizole moieties.Substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole obtained from the reaction of 4-substituted aniline with ammonium thiocyanate in bromine and glacial acetic acid. Then these derivatives were used to prepare of 2-(2-chloroacetylamino)-6-substituted benzothiazole compounds (1-6) by treating with chloroacetyl chloride in chloroform. Refluxing these compounds with 1-aminoanthraquinoe in absolute ethanol gave N-[(2-(2-Acetamido)-6-substituted benzothiazole-2-yl]-1-aminoanthraqiunone compounds (7-12).The characterizations of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by their melting points, and FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy.Some of the new prepared compounds were evaluated for the antibacterial activity screeningagainst two types of Gram positive bacteria including (Streptococcuss pneumoniae, Enterococcusfaecalis)and two types of Gram negative bacteria including (Salmonella typhi., Acinetobacte sp.) and compared with ceftriaxonewas used as standard drugs. The results showed that most of the tasted compounds have well to moderate biological activity against the mentioned organisms compared with standard drug above

A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, specific and economical spectrophotometric method was used for determination of phenytoin .In this study, a second derivative spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of phenytoin (PHT).This method obeysBeer’s law in the employed concentration ranges of 2-10 ppm for phenytoin. The UV derivative spectra 1D for (PHT) have (V) at 233.3 nm,2D spectra for (PHT) have(P) at 226.7 nm,3D spectra for PHT) have (P) at 223.6 nm, and (V) at 230.4 nm4D spectra for (PHT) have (P) at 236.5 nm, and (V) at 228.5nm.thelinear concentration ranges (2-10) ppm with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9996, 0.9987, 0.9973, 0.9979.The second derivative D2tech. at (226.7) nm successfully applied for determination the Phenytoin drug in pharmaceutical samples. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies

Photodecomposition of 920 (DB2) dye have been performed at (nm) in deionized water at 25C ̊.Under irradiation Uv Lamp. The absorbance spectrum for this dye have been recorded with the time of irradiation in order to examine the kinetics of photo decay. The specific rate constant the (Kd) for the first order reaction have been calculated and found to be (Kd = 0.0248 min-1). Study the effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, pH of the medium and initial dye concentration. On photodecomposition of 920 (DB2)

Diabetes is a devastating disease throughout the world. It is associated with several mechanisms, one of which is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia results in overproduction of oxygen free radicals, which contributes to the progression of diabetes. This study was designed to evaluate the status of serum Glutathione, Vitamin C, Malonodialdehyde and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein levelsin male patients with type 2diabetes mellitus.A total study subject of 82 were examined, including 46 patients with type 2 DM and 36 healthy individuals as a control group matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fasting for the determination of serum glucose, HbA1c, urea, uric acid, insulin, GSH, MAD, OX-LDL, Vit C, and lipid profile.It was found that total diabetic patients had higher FSG, HbA1c, urea, FSI, OX-LDL, MDA, TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels and lower UA, GSH and Vit C levels when comparing with control groups. The prevalence oxidative stress among type 2 DM patients is very high with deslipidemia is being most common continuous monitoring of glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients is essential to reduce the mortality rate.

Derivative spectrophotometric (first, second, third and fourth derivative) were used for the determination of paracetamol )PAR) and hyoscine n-butyl bromide(HYO)the binary mixture by applying zero-crossing technique for pure synthetic mixture. Alsosimultaneous determination of PAR and HYO in(SPAZMOTEK PLUS) tablets was applied. PAR was determined by using 1D and 2Dmethods at297.4 and 303.5 nm (zero crossing point of HYO) with linear concentration ranges 2-30μg.mL-1, with correlation coefficient r (0.9998, 0.9987), LOD (0.081, 0.250 μg mL-1), relative error (0.68, 0.22) and RSD% (0.107, 0.400), respectively.HYO was determined byusing 1D method at 215.9 nm (zero crossing point of PAR) withconcentration range 2-25 μg mL-1, with correlation coefficient 0.9997 and LOD 0.091μg mL-1, relative error 1.20 and RSD% 0.342. No interference found between both determined and those of matrices. A good accuracy and precision of simultaneous determination of PAR, and HYO were confirmed by statistical analysis. The percentage recovery of the individual drugs under the established conditions is ranged from 95.07% to 100.93%,the proposed procedures were successfully applied tothe determination of these compounds in different ratio by synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical tablets without requiring any separation step

The photostabilizationof polystyrene (PS) films by (4-amino-5-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)piperidino)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion(L) compounds was investigated. PS films containing concentration of complexes 0.5% by weight were produced by the casting method from chloroform as a solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The photostabilization of PS films by prepared complexes was investigated. The PS films containing concentration of complexes 0.5% by weight were produced by the casting method from (CHCl3) solvent. The photodegradation of the obtained films was investigated using UV-vis. spectra. The photostabilization activity of these compounds was determined by calculating the photodecomposition rate constant (kd) for the modified PS

Two types of crude oil at Dura oil refinery were selected and tested using the physical properties: Boiling point, Density, Pour point, Surface tension and Aniline point in addition to the calculated results: API gravity, Kw factor and Correlation index in order to determine the characteristics of oils and comparison between them. A special distillation curves were obtained according to ASTM-2892 distillation method for the tested crudes to calculate the percentages and quantities of each crude oil derivatives to support the preliminary dataof the physical properties to indicate thecharacteristics in terms of being paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic as an addition comparison between crude oils used. It turned out through the entire results that the properties ofcrude oil (A) shows that it is heavier and the greater the concentration of naphthenes and aromatics than in the crude oil (B) and the same concept, the (B) more paraffinic than (A).

Pb0.5S0.5 alloy has been prepared successfully by the method of quenching for elements melt. The Pb0.5S0.5 thin films of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 nm thickness have been prepared from the prepared alloys by thermal evaporation technique onto glass substrate at room temperatures. The X-ray diffraction study shows that the prepared films are cubic polycrystalline structure with strong peaks at (200) and (111) planes, the intensity of the peaks increases with increasing film thickness. The grain size increases with increasing film thickness and their values varied between 35 and 59 nm.The D.C conductivity has been displayed two stages of conductivity through the whole temperature range. D.C conductivity have increased from 0.50×10-2 to 1.86×10-2 (Ω.cm)-1 as film thickness increased. All prepared films have two activation energies, where these values decrease with increasing thickness. The maximum value of activation energy was 0.177eV at 200nm thickness, and then decreased to 0.067 eV in thermal range 413-493K. Hall Effect results have been shown that all prepared thin Pb0.5S0.5films were p-type material. The carrier concentration increases with increasing thickness, and it varies from 0.079×1019 cm-3 to 9.55×1019 cm-3 for thickness from 200 to 1000nm. The Hall mobility has been decreased from 3.99 to 0.098 (cm2/V.sec) as thickness increased from 200 to 1000nm. The drift velocity of these films decreases with increasing this films thickness

Three groups of composite materials were prepared by using casting method from Unsaturated Polyester with volume fraction (70%) reinforced by Rice Husks with volume fraction (30%) (first group),the second group was preparedfrom Unsaturated Polyester with volume fraction (70%) reinforced by Rice Husks with volume fraction (15%) and by Palm Fibers with volume fraction (15%)(hybird composite) and the third group consist also of Unsaturated Polyester with volume fraction (70%)reinforced by Palm Fibers with volume fraction (30%), the length of palm fibers was(2-3) mm. Parameters such as absorbance (A), transmittance (T), reflectance(R),refractive index(n), extinction coefficient (k) , real (εr)and imaginary parts (εi) of dielectric constants, were studied in the spectral range(200-800) nm. The results show that the absorbance increases with increasing the ratio of Palm Fibers while the transmittance decreases, the hybrid composite has the best values of reflectanceand the higher values of extinction coefficient, Refractive index, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants were for samples containing ratios of Palm Fibers and the lower values were for those contain Rice Husks only

In this paper, the Nematic Liquid Crystal (NLC) N-(4'-ethoxybenzylidene)-4-n-butylaniline (EBBA) with transition temperature range between (36-80)°Cwas prepared and identified usingFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The prepared compound (EBBA) was used to calculate the values of refractive index at different temperatures and measurements were done in the temperature range (25-80)°C.Theresult shows, the values of refractive index values decreases with increase temperature in thermal range

In this study, specific activities of naturally occurring radioactive materials were measured inselected samples of rice and salt available in local markets in Baghdad and then calculate hazard indices as well as the concentrationof radioactive iodine in these samples using the detector system sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(Tl).This study showed that the average quality of the specific activities of uranium 238 was 5.55 Bq / kg, thorium 232 was 5.6 Bq / kg and potassium40 was 621 Bq / kg, while the content of iodine was 131 2.6 Bq / kg.Measurements of hazard indices show that the concentrations of these isotopes in all samples are within the allowable limits internationally except Al-Nasoor sample which was the total ofHinternal and Hexternal indices more than one. All data were measured at the January of 2015

The Liouvilleequation for the q-deformed 1-D classical harmonic oscillator is derived for two definitions of q-deformation. This derivation is achieved by using two different representations for the q-deformed Hamiltonian of this oscillator corresponding to undeformedand deformed phase spaces. The resulting Liouville equation is solved by using the method of characteristics in order to obtain the classical probability distribution function for this system. The 2-D and 3-D behaviors of this function are then investigated using a computer visualization method. The results are compared with those for the classical anharmonic oscillator. This comparison reveals that there are some similarities between these two models, where the results for the q-deformed oscillator exhibit similar whorl shapes that evolve with time as for the anharmonic oscillator. It is concluded that studying the Liouville dynamics gives more details about the physical nature of q-deformation than using the equation of motion method. It is also concludedthat this result could have reflections on the interpretation of the quantized version of this q-deformed oscillator

This study was amid to isolate, identify and study the genomic profile of hemorrhage and acute peptic ulcer infections by Helicobacter pylori bacterium in patients at the age (40-60 year). Two techniques for identification of the infection by H. pyloriwere used, invasive and non invasive. Blood and faeces specimens were examined directly in hospital for specific antibody and antigen detection. One hundred and twenty biopsies specimens were used for the fast urea tests and. A new medium(ZAN-1) was prepared also other types of media were modified to be suitable for bacterial growth and isolation. Virulent factors such as time of color change in the fast urea solution by urease activity and ammonia production were studied, also specific shape was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Other tests such as lecithinase test, oxidase, catalase and blood hemolysis were done for identification of this bacterium. Two isolates were selected to represent the hemorrhage and acute infections. Hemorrhage isolate exhibited different characters especially in blood hemolysis and lecithinase activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that acute isolate is more resistant than hemorrhage. The results of genomic profile indicated the absence of the plasmids and the virulent factors were of chromosomal source.

Pectin esterase was extracted from potato and determining its activity wereinvestigated. Crude enzyme recorded specific activity 25.18 U / mg and increasing specific activity of the enzyme after dialysis concetraion recording 107.14 U/ mg, then the enzyme peak after using anion ion-exchange chromatography was recorded a specificactivity reached 192.31 U /mg and fold of the purification 8.2 and yield 23.34%, either gel filtration was the fold of the purification 19.8times and with specific activity 476.28U / mg with the proceeds of 50.68%. The optimum pH of the pure enzyme was7.0 and optimum temperature was 50°C, while the stability of the pH of the pure enzyme was pH 8.0 and temperature stability at 60°C

A pilot composting system was conducted at the factory of recycling of organic solid wastes in Al-Usifianear Baghdad city, to investigate the possibility of the conversion organic fraction of Municipal organic solid waste (OFMSW) to biofertilizer. Results of MSW analysis showed the presence of 64% of biodegradable organic matter and 36% non-biodegradable. The initial composition of OFMSW had a high C/N ratio 37.02, and low availability N content. The additives used in OFMSW composting such as Buffalo, chicken and sewage sludge to the compost pile to treat N deletion and to obtain a desirable C/N ratio in treating piles. Various parameters were determined during the composting process of OFMSW and mixtures, to evaluate their suitability as indicators for the composting process. Results showed that after 6-10 weeks of incubation, the OFMSW turned to black-like substances with earthy smelling compost material. The pH of the mature compost ranged from 7.8 to 7.89; EC in all piles ranged from 3.11 to 5.41 dS/m.The N% increased with time in all piles reaching at the end of maturation to 1.04 to 1.84, the total phosphorous was high in all piles and varied from 1.11 to 1.6% in all piles. However, the results also revealed a higher potassium concentration varied from 1.18 to 3%, compared to initial concentration ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 in all piles. The water holding capacity of compost samples in all piles increased during composting and varied from 69 to 90% compared to initial ratio ranged from 14 to 45%. The windrow system was more effective for heavy metal marinating.The temperature in piles 2, 3 and 4 increased rapidly above 50°Cfor 4 weeks and reached to the peak recorded value of more than 60°C indicating higher degradation rate, while the temperature in pile 1 and 5 increased slowly relative to the other piles. The biodegradation of organic wastes, as indicated obviously by the reduction of C/N ratio, was rapid and decreased from 27.4 –37.02 to 9.47 –15.26 after 6 weeks of composting. Total viable count in all piles showed a marked increase in initial compostingprocess when the temperature increased and a marked decrease at the end of maturation. The total number of bacteria in Piles 2, 3 and 4 was higher than in Piles 1 and 5. Coliform bacteria were found till 6 weeks in piles 2, 3 and 4, while recording up to 10 weeks in piles 1 and 5. Salmonella andShigelladid not appear throughout the study after 6 weeks of incubation, with exception in piles 1 and 5; these organisms were detected till weeks 10 to 14. Total fungi count decreased in piles 2, 3 and 4 when thetemperature increased from 52°C to 60°C, while continued to increase till the end of maturation when the temperature fell to 30°C. Total fungi count recorded at the end of maturation was higher than the initial stage. Physiochemical and microbial characteristics of the final compost product could be recommended that the OFMSW is suitable for composting using the turningwindrows system

In this paper a mathematical model that describes the flow of Cholera disease in a population is proposed and studied. It is assumed that the disease divided the population into five classes: susceptible individuals (S), asymptomatic infectious individuals)(AI, symptomatic infectious individuals),(SIremoval individuals (R) and cholera population (B). The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the model are discussed. The local and global stability of themodel is studied. Finally the global dynamics of the proposed model is studied numerically

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness state vector solution for a coupled of nonlinear parabolic equations using the Galerkinmethod when the continuous classical control vector is given, the existence theorem of a continuous classical optimal control vector with equality and inequality vector state constraints is proved, the existence and uniqueness solution of the adjoint equations associated with the state equations is studied.The derivation of the Frcéhet derivative of the Hamiltonian is obtained. Finallythe necessary conditions theorem, so as the sufficient conditions theorem of optimality of the constrained problem are proved