Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

TiO2nanotube array was fabricated by anodisation technique of a pure titanium plate. The anodisation process was carried out in ammonium fluoride/ethylene glycol electrolyte, the applied voltage was 60 volt. The average length and diameter of the nanotubes were 12 μm and 80 nm respectively. After annealing of TiO2 nanotubes at 500°C for 3h, the amorphous nanotubes walls converted into anatase phase. The TiO2nanotubes array material was employed as container for methylene blue (MB) solution. Another layer (container for MB) was created then when TiO2coated with nanoparticles (NP) in order to compare the release mechanism with TiO2 nanotubes. The aim was to develop an additional control of chemical release kinetics polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which was used to encapsulate the surface of the loaded TiO2nanotubes and TiO2nanotubes-NP conjugate. The results showed that the release mechanism can be controlled more efficientlyby using nanotubes-NP conjugate rather than using single layer of TiO2nanotubes only. The morphology of the arrays was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

nfluenza is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of global importance that has caused epidemics and pandemics of human disease for centuries [1]. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of seasonal influenzavirus infection on heart and kidney diseases. To investigate the effect of seasonal influenza virus infectionon acute myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury. The study enrolled a total of 178 subjects, involved 150 patients with influenza virus infection and withheart and kidney diseases, they were consisted of two group, the first investigated group was 101 patients withinfluenza andacute myocardial infarction (AMI), consisted ofG1 of 41 patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, G2 involved 32 patients infected with influenza andG3 were formed of 28 patients of acute myocardial infarction with influenza, they were compared with 14 normal healthy individual. The second group consisted of 49 patients with acute kidney injury AKI, G1 involved 10 patients suffering from acute kidney injury AKI, G2 were 19 patients suffering from mixed influenza virus infection according to physician reports, and G3 were 20 patients of influenza with acute kidney injury AKI they were compared with 14 normal healthy subjects. Patients with influenza and AMI were investigated for the activities of enzymes lactate dehydrogenase LDH and creatine kinase CK. Patients with influenza and AKI were evaluated for urea, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, and enzymes activities of amylase, gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) and (CK)and LDH. They were compared with normal healthy individual. All the specimens of patients with influenza were obtained from different laboratories hospitals in Baghdad. Statistical analysis shows that there was very highly significant increase for enzymes activities LDH and CK activities (P ˂ 0.001) for patients of G1 acute myocardial infarction, G2 influenza and, G3 influenza with AMI in comparison with normal healthy. The result forpatients of G1 withacute kidney injury AKI show very highly significant increase in the enzymes activities of amylase, gammaglutamyl transferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase (P ˂ 0.001) and in the concentration of urea, creatinine and uric acid ,andvery highly significant decrease in total protein, albumin, and globulin (P ˂ 0.001) as compared with normal healthy individual. Patient of G2 suffering from influenza disease show very highly significant increase in the enzyme s activities of CK, LDH, and albumin (P ˂ 0.001).Highly significant change in protein, urea, creatinine and uric acid in comparing with normal healthy. Infection of influenza virus is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart and kidney diseases than in normal healthy persons. This may be because of inherently altered activity of the immune system. In our cohort of patients with influenza virus infection, patients who are suffering from influenza must be investigated for heart disease acute myocardial infarction ,acute kidney diseases, people with chronic medical disorders such as cardiovascular disease are particularly atrisk

This research was done to assess the effects of anti diabetic drugs(metformin and metforminplus glibenclamide) on Glucose-6-phosphatase activity, serum leptin concentration,Fasting plasma glucose (FPG),Glycatedhemoglobin (HbA1c%) and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. The study involved 64 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were divided into 3 groups. The first group involves 23 newly diagnosed diabetic patients, who did not take any hypoglycemic agents. The second group involves 21 patients on metformin monotherapy, whereas the third group involves 20 patients on metforminplus glibenclamide combination therapy. Another group which involved 20 apparently healthy subjects was used as control group. Age, Body mass index (BMI), FPG, HbA1c %, lipid profile,Glucose-6-phosphatase activity and serum leptin concentration have been determined.The results showed that the activity ofGlucose-6-phosphatase was lower inmetformin and metforminplus glibenclamide groups when compared with newly diagnosedgroup and closer to that of control group,leptin concentration was lower in metformin group than that in metforminplus glibenclamide groupand these two groups were lower than newly diagnosed group, the levels ofFPG, HbA1C% were reducedin metformin and metforminplus glibenclamide groups when compared withnewly diagnosedgroup andmetformin alone produce a non-significant favorable effect on all lipids profile parameters, while metforminplus glibenclamideshowed a significant reduction in Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein LDL-C.In conclusion,using metformin as a mono therapy or combination with glibenclamide can reduceGlucose-6-phosphatase activity,FPG and HbA1c% levels in type 2 diabetic patients and metformin monotherapy reduced leptin levels more than metformin combination with glibenclamideintype 2 diabetic patients patients so Glucose-6-phosphatase activity and serum leptin concentration can be used as an indicator for the choice of treatment in those diabetic patients

A new covalently bonded sulfobetaine stationary phase with an outer positive charge and an inner negative chargewas synthesized by attachment of zwitterionic molecule to PS/DVB particles by graft polymerization. Desferal (DFOM) is a chelating agent which forms complexes with multiple charged metal ions of biological importance.We could demonstrate that the zwitterionic stationary phase is able to separate the Ce(IV)-DFOM complex by IC-ICP-AES. It could be demonstrated that metal-DFOM separations on zwitterionic stationary phaseare mainly driven by a cation exchange mechanism. This is a behavior never before observed using zwitterionic stationary phase. In spite of numerous publications in the literature which confirm that zwitterionic type materials are usually well suited for anion separation, no investigation had been carried out to separate cationic organic compounds. The sulfobetaine column already mentioned exhibited the difference as compared to the commercially ZIC-HILIC and ZIC-pHILIC columns

Preparation of some new pyrazole derivatives by using a few steps starting from 4-acetylaniline to prepare azo compound (3). Chalcone derivatives (A1-A3) were obtained by reaction compound (3) with a proper aldehyde(benzaldehyde,4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde, terephalaldehyde). Chalcone derivatives (A1-A3) reacted with a proper hydrazine (hydrazine hydrate, phenyl hydrazine) to yield pyrazole derivatives (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6). All prepared structure compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic and1H-NMR techniques. Prepared compounds (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6) were successfully applied as organic corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M H2SO4solution at 30oC by using a weight loss method. The results of weight loss measurements showed that corrosioninhibition efficiency by increasing the concentration of organic inhibitors for mild steel in 1M H2SO4solution at 30oC

In this study sixty patients were selected according to a positive estrogen receptor. All of 60 naturally or surgically postmenopausal women that had a diagnosis of breast cancer verified by histology breast cancer. Subdivided to with hormone treatment or without any treatment, Forty patients (group P1) with the ages range from 46 to 75 years, and were being treated with an aromatase inhibitor, Arimidex (1 mg) once daily, and another twenty (group P2) as newly diagnosed of breast cancer with ages ranging from 47 to 75 years. While the age of control ranging from (48-75) years old, used as a reference. Recent investigations have challenged the hypothesis that aromatization of androgens into estrogen is the sole production pathway for estrogens in postmenopausal women. The finding that estradiol persists in the plasma of patients receiving anastrozole treatment despite a near total inhibition of the aromatase enzyme suggests that alternative pathways for estrogen synthesis exist, which appeared in our results, aromatase and estradiol with treatment (452.34pg/ml) and (13.09pg/ml) respectively. An although evidence a positive and strong correlation between aromatase enzyme and estradiol (r=0.573, P=0.00)

ThepresentstudyfocusedonmodificationoftheopticalpropertiesofPVCfilmsPhenylePhrineHClAcidcomplexes.Poly(vinylchloride)(PVC)reactwithPhenylePhrineHClAcid(L)inTHFtoformthePVC‐Lcompound.PVC‐Lhasfurtherbeenreactedwithdifferentmetal'sionstoformPVC‐L‐MIIcomplexes.ThestructureofthesecomplexeshasbeencharacterizedbyFT‐IRandUV‐Visspectrophotometry.Theopticaldataanalyzedandinterpretedinterms ofthetheoryofphononassisteddirectelectronictransitions.Accordingtoenergygapdata,theconductivityofPVCandthecomplexeswereobtained.Fromthemicroscopicimageanalysis,therelationsbetweenmorphologyandopticalpropertieswereexplained

Polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared by polymerization of aniline in acidic medium using ammonium persulphate as initiator in the presence of Kaoline (PANK) and Bentonite (PANP). The pure PANI and their polyaniline composites were characterized by FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscope respectively. The SEM images have clearly shown the formation of polyaniline composites. The composites were used to removal of Cr(VI) ion pollutants from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium time increases with initial Cr(VI) concentration. experimental data are in good coincidence with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, and have shown a good fitting to the experimental data. Adsorption of Cr(VI) obeys pseudo-second order equation with good correlation

The Euphrates Formation (Lower-early middle Miocene) shallow water carbonates, western Iraq was studied in order to determine its microfacies and depositional environment. According to the benthic foraminiferal assemblage along with other skeletal and non-skeletal components, Fourteen microfacies associations types (F1-F14) are recorded and distributed as: Lime mudstone, miliolids wackestone,alveolinids wackestone, echinoids wackestone,bioclastic packstone, peliods packstone, miliolids packstone, peneroplids packstone, rotaliids packstone, miliolids grainstone, peliods grainstone, ooids grainstone, miliolids-peneroplids grainstone, and peneroplids grainstone that were deposited in three facies belts, restricted marine, shoal, and open marine environments. Based on field observations, microfacies analysis and sequence stratigraphic concepts, the Lower Miocene successions is represented by four order cycles (A, B, C and D) they are mostly asymmetrical showing slightly lateral variation in thickness and symmetry. These cycles represent a succession episode of sea level rises and stillstands. The nature of these cycles reflects variation in the relative sea level resulted from eustatic and tectonic subsidence. Cycle A is underlain by Anah Formation, while cycle C is overlain by SB1Fatha Formation. According to sequence development, the study area shows low rate of subsidence and the major controlling factor that effect is eustatic sea level fluctuation

In this paper, a dielectric barrier discharge DBD plasma system was used to study effects of the nonthermal plasma on the optical properties of the tin oxide (SnO2) thin films. tin oxide (SnO2) thin were deposed on cleaned glass substrates at 450 ̊C using spray pyrolysis deposition technique prepared from SnCl4:5H2O solution with concentration (0.1M).The prepared films were exposure to different time intervals (0,2,4,6,8 and 10)min.UV-VIS spectra of the films were studies using optical absorbance measurements which were taken in the spectral region from 190nm to 1100nm. The transmittance and reflectance spectra of the films in the UV-VIS region were also studied.The transmittance T, the Reflectance R, absorption coefficient α, energy gap Eg, extinction coefficient K, refractive index n, dielectric constant εand optical conductivity were studied. It is found thatthe Reflectance, absorption coefficient,extinction coefficient and optical conductivity were increased with exposure time and the transmittance, energy gap, refractive index, dielectric constant were decreased with exposure time of DBD plasma

The synthesis of ZnO nanocrystalline by laser ablation of a pure zinc metal target in pure water are presented hear. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis show that the ZnO nanoparticle is having crystalline wurtzite phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image illustrate that the ZnO nanoparticles is spherical shape with an average size of about 37 nm. Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot was employed to estimate the crystalline sizes and lattice strain. The opticalenergy gap were obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy agreement with that obtained from Photoluminescence spectra. The blue emission were observed when excited the suspension with 335 nm. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) was successfullyfabricated from ZnO nanoparticle using electrostatic deposition technique

This study aims to synthesis ternary hybrid composite PMMA polymer matrix with TiO2, Al2O3and ZrO2as additives using casting technique. Range of weight fractions (84-92 wt%) of Poly (methyl methacrylate), fixed percentage (4%) of TiO2and range of weight fractions (4-12 wt %) of Al2O3and ZrO2were used as started materials.Structurecharacterizationwas examined through XRD and AFM.Obtained micrograph revealed homogeneity structure and XRD pattern display present of crystals for ZrO2. Dielectricproperties like dielectric constant were carried out for range (102-106) Hz frequency.The addition of Alumina filler exhibit slightly effect on values of dielectric constant for preparedternary hybrid composite (PMMA-TiO2-Al2O3) compared with ZrO2 for ternary hybrid composite (PMMA-TiO2-ZrO2) which dielectric constant increase as concentration . Dissipation factor decrease with increasing frequency in composite of alumina and zirconia but in case the later yield good compatible. D.C electrical conductivity was conducted at temperature range (313-373)K. Markedly increasing of the D.C electrical conductivity for Zirconia filler respect to addition concentration and applied temperature

To select the most efficient isolate in production of the antimicrobial agent Hygomycin B, 53 Streptomyces soil isolates were examined. DNA of these isolates was extracted and screened by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for the presence of Hygomycin B gene which is responsible for production of suchagent. Among the 53 isolates, only three gave positive results for the existence of this gene when the three isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, an isolate symbolled Streptomyces “10cm/35pigment” was the superior by giving the highest activity against four of the seven test microorganisms (Proteus mirabilis, Staph. aureus, Sal. typhi and Sacch. cerevisiae) used in the study. Their recorded inhibition zone diameters were 70, 55, 33 and 38 mm, respectively. After subjection of the superior isolate to the cultural, microscopic and biochemical characterization, it was identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Motor neuron cell is responsible for transfer neural instruct from brain to peripheral muscle through spinal cord; therefore any defect in these cells or spinal cord will affect motion. This study was designed to induce differentiation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into neuron cells.BM-MSCs were isolated from bone stroma of femur and tibia of albino male mice and tested immunocytochemically for CD44, CD90, and CD105 expression and showed positive staining, while showed negative staining for CD34. Differentiation of BM-MSCs to motor neuron involved two mainsteps. Firs; induction of BM-MSCs by addition of 1mM mercaptoethanol (BME) in fetal bovine serum (FBS) inminimum essential medium MEM for 24 h and 2mM BME in free serum media for 2h. In the second step of induction retinoic acid, sonic hedgehog and nervegrowth factor were added in free serum MEM for 4 days. Results revealed that the differentiation medium used was very efficient in directing the BM-MSCs to motor neural cell and showed positive reactivity to specific motor neural markers that used for detection of motor neuron cells like microtubule associated protein-2 antibodies and acetylcholine transferase antibody

In this paper harmful phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplanktonmodel with Hollimg type IV functional response is proposed and analyzed. The local stability analysis of the system is carried out. The global dynamics of the system is investigated with the help of the Lyapunov function. Finally, the analytical obtained results are supported with numerical simulation

Let R be a prime ring with characteristic different from 2, ℐbe a nonzero ideal of R. in this paper, forα,β,σ,τas automorphisms of R, we present some results concerning the relationship between the commutativity of a ring and the existence of specific types of a (σ,τ)-Biderivation, we prove: (1) Suppose F:R×R⟶R is anonzero(σ,τ)-Biderivation then R is a commutative ring if F satisfies one of the following conditions:(i) F(ℐ, ℐ) ⊂Cα,β(ii) [ImF , ℐ]α,β=0 (iii) F(xω, y) = F(ωx, y)for all x, y,ω∈ℐ.(2) SupposeF1: R⟶Ris anonzero(σ, τ)-derivationand F2:R×R⟶R isa (α,β)-Biderivation with ImF2=R, If F1F2(ℐ, ℐ)=0 then F2=0

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) on unsteady flow of Maxwell fluid with fractional derivative due to a constant acceleration plate. The fractional calculus process is introduced to establish the constitutive relationship of fluid model, by using Laplace transform and Fourier sine transform, we obtained closed solutions for velocity field and shear stress. Lastly, the solutions are present by integral and series form in terms of the generalized G and R functions. The influence of the parameters on the velocity field spotlighted by means of the several graphs.

Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) protocol is energy efficient protocols designed to prolong the lifetime of the network by reduction of energy consumption.In this paper a modification is proposed to the PEGASIS algorithm where sensor nodes are clustered in groups ,clustering is done by Ant colony optimization algorithm, and each group istreated as PEGASIS. In addition, the proposed algorithm used rechargeable sensor nodes. Two parameters are searched to select chain leader: Euclidean distance of sensor node to the base station and residual energy of sensor node. Each cluster head data istransmitted directly to the base station. Simulation results showed the proposed algorithms improved in comparison with original PEGASIS

Data mining can be defined as searching for similarities and patterns ina huge amount of data in a certain knowledge field and to arrange them in classes and clusters. Many classification algorithms and clustering techniques are implemented to suit different types of data such as numeric, real, and nominal data types. Each classification and clustering algorithms are implemented in a certain approach. Some are linear and some are non-linear algorithms.In this paper, a comparison between some linear and non-linear classification algorithms has been conducted to study the performance of these classifiers with three different types of data set. The first data set is the collected MRI images of the brain tumor with type real, the second is diabetes data set with type numeric and the third is the breast cancer data set with type nominal. The linear classifiers chosen for this study are Lazy and Bayesian classifiers. While for the non-linear both Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) andLinear Vector Quantization (LVQ) are chosen. The results showed that the performance of the nonlinear classifiers was better than the linear classifiers with all data sets. In particular the accuracy rate of both MLP and LVQ with the real brain tumor data set is 91%, 83% respectively.On the other side, the linear classifiers showed comparable result with all datasets

Focused Crawler” is designed to visit a part of the web to collect documents that are related to only a particular topic. The objective of focused crawler is to identify good links that lead to target required documents, and to avoid branches that don't lead to the required topic. There is a number of motivations for designing focused crawler such as: fetching relevant data from the web with simplified data indexing, personalizing the human-computer interaction,making the system adaptive with each user, needing for a tool to change the searching strategy, keeping the freshness of the web pages and filtering the links to keep track focusing on the user’s preference. In this paper, we will explain two methods to retrieve web pages by using traditional crawler and proposed focused crawler. We make several experiments and it shows that proposed focused crawler is more efficient than traditional crawler in retrieving the desired web pages