Journal Dawat

Scholars and commentators have trouble understanding the intent of the discourse in some Qur’anic verses that contain anaphoric pronouns due to the ambiguity of its reference in most of the places in which it is mentioned. Accordingly this study came under the title (The influential interpretation of referral discourse of anaphoric pronouns In the Qur'anic Expression / Analytical Study) to know the exact significance of the referential discourse according to the contextual data in conjunction with the aforementioned narration, weakening, weighting, running and applying. Also relying on the strength of linguistic, transitive and logical evidence based on the influential interpretation of the Qur’anic texts that dealt with the problem in understanding the referential discourse of the anaphoric pronouns. This study focused on the anaphoric pronoun, being the most ambiguous one. Therefore, we find that the commentators differed regarding the verses that contain this pronoun, which is prevalent in the books of interpretation. Also, most of the narrations regarding pronouns were centered on it. This is because examining the reference of the anaphoric pronoun leads us to uncover the manifestations of the Qur’anic text and understand the intent of the speech.
Keywords: discourse, referential, pronoun

It is known that the sciences of the Holy Qur’an include many sciences. These sciences include those related to the Qur’anic text and its content and are called the objective sciences of the Qur’an such as the science of the decisive and the similar, the science of the abrogated and the abrogated from, the science of the story, etc. Among these sciences are the ones related to the external environment of the text which are called the historical sciences of the Qur’an. They include the science of the causes of revelation, the science of readings, and others.
The subject of our research here is the science of proportion, which is one of the objective sciences of the Qur’an, which has a direct relationship to the Qur’anic text. The importance of studying the science of proportionality in the Holy Qur’an comes from the fact that it helps the interpreter when studying the Qur’anic surah and to know the aspects of proportionality in it. It sheds light on its axis and explains its overall purpose. This helps determine the angle from which the interpreter starts in explaining the noble verses. It also reveals to us an aspect of the Qur’anic miracle.
Keywords: appropriateness, proportionality, consistency, science, the Qur’an

When the producer of the text realizes that there is an imminent danger to the facts he produces, which threatens to hide them from those for whom they were written or manipulate them by distorting them or diverting from the direction for which they were produced by making them work in his favor - and this is what we found in many of the facts that were manipulated and distorted by the invalids and change its correct path - here the text producer resorts to other methods to preserve the facts he transmits. This was only possible through symbols.
Thus, the emergence of the code is a wide outlet for the human being through which he can convey his message completely to the recipient without being affected by any distortion, forgery or manipulation.
Since the expression in this case is based on the code, it is necessary to identify the codes through which the analyzer reaches at the essence of the text and understands what is meant by it. This shows the reason for clarifying what is meant by the code.
The resort of the text producer to the code in conveying some facts to the recipient was the reason for the emergence of interpretation, which focuses most in of its attention on searching “for the intended meaning that the author hides somewhere in his text.”
Knowing the codes encoded by the text producer enables the analyst to connect the threads of the code and interpret its meaning. After explaining the method of interpretation of the code and clarifying its implications, it remains for us to see whether there is a symbolic figure in the Almighty’s saying اللَّهُ نُورُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ مَثَلُ نُورِهِ كَمِشْكَاةٍ فِيهَا مِصْبَاحٌ (35 An-Nur).
It will appear in this research how the Holy Qur’an used the code in referring to a great issue of great importance, we will stand on a part of it in our analysis of this verse and we will discuss it in other researches with the help of Almighty. 

In this research, we aspire to produce a new analytical reading of the book “The Comparative Dictionary of the Words of the Holy Qur’an” by Dr. Khaled Ismail Ali by examining his approach and goal: a new reading. I found that in examining the book’s practical approach in light of linguistic policies, linguistic planning, and what is related to linguistic identity and its consecration. This new observational reading came in the light of linguistic-semantic analytical thinking to clarify two qualitative foundations in the book, which are: the author’s reference to the linguistic principles used in the Qur’anic discourse, some of which were common to Semitic languages that are similar to Arabic and the author’s diagnosis of the linguistic principles that are unique to Arabic. The study of these two foundations comes methodologically at times and intellectually at other times. This leads to approaching it to linguistic policy, linguistic planning, and aspects of linguistic identity. These two foundations cooperate to produce linguistic-semantic planning. This means that I worked in the context of what I saw in the context of method, originating, and analysis with a linguistic, semantic, schematic, intellectual approach. It appears to me that the keenness in the context of comparative study to clarify the linguistic principles that are unique to the Arabic language and are used in discourse works on the Arab linguistic identity and devotes it to an employment method. In addition to the impact of the non-Arabic linguistic origins used in the Qur’anic discourse in consecrating the identity with a semantic tone, the specific connotation and reasons for choice appear. Thus, the research concludes with the possibility of presenting an indirect linguistic, schematic vision that I relied on in the context of reading the book, even if the author did not put it among his goals. This leads me to the possibility of placing Arabization books and comparative semantic linguistic studies in the context of linguistic policies and linguistic planning. It gains added importance in light of its presence in this cultural linguistic system.
Keywords: Quranic discourse; Linguistic planning; Linguistic identity; the linguistic common origin; Cultural impact; Semantic property; Downward ladder.

The general concepts that scholars have come up with for the linguistic term are similar in their general frameworks because it revolves around transferring the meaning of words, changing them, or altering them. This change or transformation may be restricted in terms of origin, such as maintaining the mutual presumption between the expression from the lexical point of view, and the terminological aspect. Therefore one of the most important functions of terminology is the study of systems and concepts, and the relationships within a precise system. This is done through the strict adherence to the recognized linguistic standards.

This research will demonstrate Sayyed Nasrallah’s use of linguistic references, as a type of arguments and proofs that demonstrate the thought, action, and legitimacy of the resistance in the face of the Israeli enemy and global arrogance. The main question that this research seeks to answer is: How did Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah employ linguistic references in his speeches? The linguistic references in Al-Sayyid’s sermons are divided into three sections, including: lexical constants, grammatical constants, and morphological constants. The fields of resistance, science, and American hegemony dominate Sayyed Nasrallah’s speeches because he always looks to the present and the future, and has a vision based on future victories. He shows the past to make use of the experience of nations that can be used to understand and extrapolate current events. The imperative verb was used sparingly in Sayyed Nasrallah's speech. This shows that his personality is characterized by forbearance, respect, and tolerance. It makes him distance himself from the language of command, except with regard to the call for contemplation and rejection of injustice and reject injustice. Sayyed Nasrallah used the vocatives in several places; the most important of which was at the beginning and end of his speech, especially if the topic was related to Imam Hussein out of veneration. Also he often uses vocatives for the public; this call came for sarcasm when he spoke about the Zionist enemy. The questioning in Sayyed Nasrallah’s speeches is always aimed at revealing the facts and a comprehensive call. It also shows a rejection of the injustice coming from the Zionist enemy. The first person plural pronoun remains dominant in his speech, because Sayyed Nasrallah looks at the entire scene in Lebanon and the region. Everything is connected to each other: Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Iran, and others. The issue is one, and the enemy is one. In this study, the researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach, as it is based on extrapolating the linguistic references in the speeches of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah and then analyzing them and clarifying their purposes.
Keywords: linguistic references, semantics, oratory, Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah.

Our research deals with the circumstantial sentence and the applications of this sentence in the Nahj al-Balagha. The research is based on counting this sentence from the studied text (Nahj al-Balagha), distributing it according to the type of sentence (nominal or verbal), and then distributing this sentence according to the patterns in which it appears. The nature of the subject has required that it be divided into two sections, the first of which dealt with the abstract circumstantial sentence. This sentence is either nominal or verbal. The nominal one is either large or small, and the verbal one is either in the past or present tense. On the other hand, the second section dealt with the synthetic aspects in the sentence located in the circumstantial position. In this section, we have discussed the phenomena of deletion, addition, precedence, and delay. The subject has been deleted and the object has been deleted. The types of augmentative devices also varied; sometimes they were a negation tool, and sometimes they were a non-negative tool. These two sections were preceded by an introduction and a preface that dealt with the circumstantial sentence and its conditions. Grammarians stipulated a number of conditions, including that it be a predicate, and they also stipulated that there be a link linking it to its companion. The research concluded with a set of results, perhaps the most important of which is that the circumstantial sentence appeared in many places in Nahj al-Balagha, and came in both its forms (nominal and verbal), and the positions of the verbal sentence exceeded the positions of the nominal sentence.

This research deals with the perfect noun, which is one of the verbal factors that later acts as a verb. Sibawayh has been considered one of the first grammarians who determined the truth of the perfect noun in (the book). This is what opened the door for grammarians to study and analyze it. They expanded their study of its concept, how to form it, and identified the similarities that made it function as a verb. Therefore, this research traces these opinions of Sibawayh and the grammarians to reveal their perception in defining these concepts. We relied on the investigation of Dr. Muhammad Kazem Al-Baki and his idea based on the distinction between the (grammatical factor) that determines the positions of words and the (relationship) that occurs between the agent and the object.
Keywords: the perfect noun, Sibawayh, grammarians, grammatical factor, relationship

Referral is a kind of brevity in speech. It is one of the levels of eloquence, so that the speaker can replace words and sentences with pronouns. This type had a wide presence in the Qur’anic text since it is an essential element in linguistic use. The use of referrals indicates the language competence and ability of the speaker. This referral was employed well in the narrations of al-Kafi in the sense that it came coherent and intertwined with each other, forming an integrated fabric of great magnificence. References in their various ways played a prominent role in the cohesion of texts, as they formed a single chain from the beginning of the text to its end, due to their attachment to words that preceded or came after them. Thus, we can say that the referral elements had a significant role in Ahl al-Bayt’s hadiths. My study was not an investigation of all of al-Kafi’s narrations; rather I was limited to mentioning some evidence that suits the nature and size of the research.

Penetration is a form of exaggeration، except that in rhymes in particular they do not count. Penetration is derived from deportation. It is said: He penetrated the land if he was far away from it. It also refers to the speed of entering into something. It is said: He delved into the matter if he entered into it quickly. It is that the speaker or poet delved into the thought until he extracted his assonance or rhyme, changing a meaning that is additional to the meaning of the speech. According to the first opinion, it is as if the poet went too far into exaggeration and went completely wrong with it, and according to the second opinion, it is as if he quickly entered into exaggeration by initiating the rhyme.
Penetration is the achievement of the meaning of the utterance before reaching its section. Then he comes with the section and adds another meaning that increases clarity, explanation, emphasis and goodness. It is also a kind of enabling speech in the soul. The eloquence of speech is what reveals its beginning to its end, and its resources indicate its sources.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) used aesthetic terms in several places, in which he went into detail in explaining their meaning in more than one phrase, and he is able to summarize them in one phrase. However, he preferred to give it its right for clarity and investigation, and did not leave any of it without explanation to confirm its meaning to the recipient and enable him to use it.
Keywords: penetration, description of the plants and trees in Paradise, the peacock, the creation of man, the ant

The speech (hadith) of Al-Ghadir represented a point of interpretative disagreement between two opinions since the early history of Islam. It is questionable whether it is a informativeness or an accomplishment. The debate is still raging about it to this day of Muslims; given the implications of this disagreement in terms of positions and major implications for Islamic religious epistemology, interpretation, doctrine, jurisprudence, and history. This research sought to provide an analytical reading according to the pragmatics of speech acts of Austin and his student Searle to reveal the achievement of that speech, to judge the two different opinions in it, and concluded that it is an accomplished act of great religious importance.

Preachments are short words with various significances. This type of texts needs formulation that makes the text cohesive, clarifies its meaning in short phrases.
The current study deals with the most prominent elements of cohesion in the preachments of Imam Ali Al-Hadi (P.U.H.). It comes in different levels such as: the significant correlation, the lexical correlation, the grammatical correlation and the rhetorical correlation. (Reference) is one of these correlations, with its two types: textual and situational, it enriches the texts with the good communication. (Contrast) comes to connect two different and contradictory meanings. (Repetition) with its different types: (full, partial and semi- repetition), also participates in the structure conforming, in addition to (omission) and (conjunction) that help in connecting the sentences significantly and grammatically.
With these elements, the effect of preachments was so deep on the recipient.
Keywords: Cohesion, Text, Preachment.

Each text has a textual structure, which consists of a micro-structure resulting from a regular sequence between adjacent sentences or propositions, and a macro-structure consisting of a group of smaller structures, in which the text is viewed as a single whole. The grand structure is one of the topics of the coherence criterion, which works on the semantic harmony of the concepts of the text, and the achievement of continuity through the total interdependence of a large number of issues and concepts, in a more comprehensive way than the level of individual cases.

In this article, we seek to present a study of the verbal achievement, through analyzing some poetic models of the Karbala poets. In this study, we have relied on Searle's theory of speech acts. The purpose of this is to inform the reader of the contextual circumstances in which these poems were accomplished and to reveal the intentions that the poets wanted to convey through language. To clarify the grievance of Al-Zahraa (peace be upon her), these poets depicted through her the tragedy that Al-Zahraa (PBUH) was subjected to after the death of her father as well as to guide people for the purpose of advising and guiding them to adhere to the Fatimid approach because it is linked to the position of divine justice, which gives everyone his right. In addition to openness to the biography of Lady Fatima (PBUH), and standing on an important part through which she was able to establish many Islamic values at the political level, they relied on the use of direct declarative verbs and demand verbs.
Keywords: Speech achievement, speech act theory, intentionality, performance power, intent

The book of ‘Red Clouds’ by Al-Rafei is a complex mixture of ideas, combining between meditations, thoughts, social experiences, and depictions of women in their love and meanness in a language charged by philosophy, beauty, and poetry. The rhetorical fragrance is exuded in its words and expressions. It touches the mind and feelings of the recipient, and whoever enjoys looking into this book sees that rhetorical techniques, especially the graphic ones, which form the most prominent feature of the textual structure .This study clarifies the semantic concepts formed by the graphic techniques that made the text as an artistic painting and full of harmonious prose poetry in its pictorial context.

This study is concerned with tracing the pragmatic connotations in Al-Jawahiri's poetic blog, and classifying them in the light of the divisions that scholars have established for them. Then it tries to stand on their rhetorical references to reveal the purposes for which the poet used them in his poetic discourses, with an indication of their pragmatic values, according to the descriptive analytical approach, based on the data of the pragmatic lesson.
Keywords: The deliberative, signs, Al-Jawahiri, talker, receiver, communication

This study dealt with the dialectic of presence and absence that characterized poetry in general and throughout the time periods, in which the poet revealed his mechanism in dealing with his objective existence. In ‘Makabadat Al-Hafi’ by Abdel Amir Khalil Murad, the poet relied on a set of mechanisms, including the religious symbol as a self or person and the symbols that were a reflection of his bitter experiences in an artistic way. The basis he relied on is the vision and expression of all personal concerns and setbacks that reality, with all its events, cooperates to create. These all deposit in his memory an existential concern that overflows in the form of phrases tinged with ambiguity, making the text subjected to a process of reproduction in a way that reveals hidden patterns that were the cause and the trigger. I presented - at the beginning - a simple presentation in which I reflected a general vision of the dialectic of presence and absence in which Abd al-Amir Murad found himself since the formation of his intellectual structure and the resulting transformations whose impact was widespread and whose imprints are vivid on the stature of our poet. The study then analyzed a group of texts. To reveal the hidden controversy of the relationship, an attempt to conceal the implicit connotations that continued to be implied in his poetic discourse and his ambiguous relationship with the problems of this duality throughout his experiences.
Keywords: dialectic, presence, absence, Abdel Amir Murad, struggles, Makabadat Al-Hafi.

It can be said that the poet Adeeb Kamal al-Din delved into a metaphysical topic that is difficult to delve into in the field of poetry. So, he fulfilled his desire and the desire of the reader as he was able to represent death in several forms once it was temporal, which the researcher believes that it was basically biological, depending on the death and birth of the body’s cells. This is something that innovators are equal to. Hence, we traced that in two different periods. Once again, by explaining the effect of alienation on him, it was an objective equivalent to death. It is a real death for the poet, not much different from the woman’s real existence, which appeared in another form that he adopted as life. When you are absent, the self dies, and indeed the entire existence dies, and the last formal representations appear in a different form. Death is happiness, and existence, and this view contrasts its unknown reality.
Keywords: death, time, alienation, women, happiness

Since the character is the main focus in any narrative text, the writers took the responsibility of dealing with this vital element from the emergence of the idea of creating it in their imagination to the point of its birth on the paper till its arrival in the arms of the recipient’s palm. It means that they focused on building the character and the way to draw it and how to give it characteristics that distinguish it as well as the way it is presented on the text in a highly artistic and harmonious way. This is because the character is the mail through which the author releases messages to the recipient.
In this research, we dealt with the methods of displaying the personality between the method of news and the method of detection, aiming to present the characteristics of each method. The subject of analysis is the visual writer Alaa Shaker as an applied material, pointing to how he used these two methods.
Keywords: personality, news, disclosure.

The novel in general and the Arabic novel in particular is described as a tension of genre identity. Perhaps, this is due to reasons including its ability to open up and absorb elements from other narratives that are different and alien to it, as well as its continuous process. This is due to the fact that it is an incomplete genre or one that transcends achievement and stability. It works to absorb and transform components of different human narratives for the benefit of their creative body, such as cinema, theatre, painting, history, and music. It is the novel, a soft tool of creativity, and through this critical approach we discover the mechanism of tragic formation in the novel ‘The Druze of Belgrade - The Tale of Hanna Yacoub’ and we try to interrogate history and its facts in reshaping the elements of tragedy and representing them in the narrative text, as the novel is an arena in which history plays the role of the tragic background.