The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The stomach, small and large intestine of 140 donkeys were examined for Gastrophilus larvae. The rate of infection was 45%, 6.4% and 7.8% for Gastrophilus intestinalis, G. nasalis G. pecorum, respectively, with the mean larval counts of 3rd instars; 25.8, 10.4 and 27.7, for the respective species. Excepting the month October, third instars of G. intestinalis were found throughout the year. The peak of infection (87.5%) was recorded in February, while the lowest rate (7.1%) was in November. This rate and mean larval burden seemed to decline with the age of the host. The sex of the animals had no effect on the rate of infection. G. pecorum, and G. nasalis are reported for the first time in Iraq and occurred only during the months of June, August and September.

The carotid body in an endogenous duck was closely related to the ventral surface of the common carotid bifurcation zone caudal to the parathyroid glands. The carotid body was characterized by its compact and fusiform shape. Taking into account all carotid bodies, the mean length was 1.058 +0.95 micrometers. The blood supply of the carotid body in duck was not detected easily but caudal and cranial thyroid arteries gave many branches to it. Histologically, the carotid body of an endogenous duck was consisted of two types of cells; chief cells which occurred in groups and were invested by sustentacular cells. These cells were embedded within a connective tissue fibers to form glomic tissue. A collection of ganglionic cells were observed in the vicinity of the carotid body

Bovine rotavirus was successfully isolated in vero cell line and secondary calf kidney cell culture from faecal samples of newly bom calves affected with diarrhoea. The isolated viruses were cultivated from cell culture produced cytopathogenic effect which consisted of cytoplasmic granulation degeneration and detachment of infected cells from monolayer cell culture. The rotavirus was identified by indirect immunofluorecent test (IFT) and neutralization test (NT) by using reference hyperimmunser.

Fourteen different bacterial species were used in a study of their abilities to survive on cement and porcelain surfaces. A dose of 5x10 cfu/drop (50 ul) for each species was used to contaminate each surface. The bacteria used included: Bacillus subtilis, Brucella abortus, Coraynebacterium pyogenes, E.coli, Klebsiella pnemmoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aergenosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococus aureus, Staph. Epidermidis, Streptococcus equi & Strept. Zooepidemicus. After 7, 14 and 21 days of storage at 4°C, subsamples were cultured onto different types of media, and after 24-48 hr. of incubation at 37°C, growth or no growth were scored for each type of bacteria used.


Results showed that B. subtilis, Staph.epidermidis & Strept. zooepdemicus were recovered from all surfaces up till 21-day storage. E. coli, Pr.vulgaris, Staph. aureus & Strept.equi were recovered only from Porcelaim surfaces throughout the whole experiment, whereas Past. multocida was recovered at all times from cement surfaces only. Br. abortus was recovered only from cement surfaces after 7 & 14 days of storage, but was never isolated from contaminated Porcelain surfaces. Kl. pneumoniae was isolated from Porcelain surfaces at all times, but only after 7-day- storage from cement surfaces. On the other hand, L. monocytogenes was never recovered from any surface at any time of storage.

Immunofluorescence on incoulated cell cultures, latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) were compared for the detection of rotavirus antigen in faecal sample from new born calves. Rotavirus were detected in 20 faecal sample by immunfluorescence test, latex agglutination test demonstrated rotavirus in 27 faecal sample, and rotavirus were detected in 29 out of 82 faecal sample by ELISA.

This study was designed to investigate the acute toxic effect of Diazinon on some blood parameters. Twelve male rabbits were divided randomly and equally into two groups, A treated group (T) and control group (C). Animals of group (T) were dipped in 3:1000 diazinon solution. Within 24 hours following the treatment, animals of group (T) showed moderate symptom of organophosphorous poisoning such as dyspnia and depression. Blood analysis of the group (T) animals revealed a significant elevation of blood sugar and urea. These changes were correlated with increased W.B.C. counts. The results of this study indicate that dipping with diazinon is not free of side effects on certain physiological functions of body systems.

This research work was conducted to study the role of cryptosporidial infection in calves with chronic non-responsive diarrhoea (1-4 weeks old). The study shows that cryptoridium was common infections agent causing diarrhoea in calves during the first month of calf life. the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in calves with chronic diarrhoea was 51.5%, using the method of safranin methylene blue staining of faecal smears from diarrhoeic calves. The infection rate was higher in calves of group A (closed breeding system) than those of calves in group B (open breeding system), as the study reveals the rate 65.6% and 42.3% respectively. The study also shows that infection was higher in calves of two weeks old (36.3%) than other age groups. cryptosporidium oocysts were also reported from few numbers of healthy non-diarrhoeic calves at rate of 8.1%.

Lysozyme and avidin were initially separated from egg white by cation exchange chromatography (Doulite C-464). Avidin was then isolated from lysozyme in pure form by immobilized metal affinity chromatography column (1.5 x 10cm) loaded with copper ions. The column was equilibrated with 0.02M phosphate buffer pH 7.7, containing 0.5M NaCl. Protein fraction obtained from Doulite column was applied on IMAC column, followed by washing with the starting buffer and eluting with pH gradient with 0.1M Acetic acid. Two peaks were obtained, the first peak represents the avidin, while the second peak represents the lysozyme as tested by SDS-PAGA and HABA assay. The purity of avidin was increased to 75% by the IMAC process.

Eighteen infertile multiparous mares were used in this study. They had been barren for at least 2 years and had been bred repeatedly during those years, and were 8-20 years of age. Clinical genital, and endometrial cytology and histopathological examinations revealed that the mares suffered from acute endometritis. Each mare was subjected to an intrauterine lavage with 500-1000 ml of sterile saline solution in combination with an intravenous injection of 20 I.U. of oxytocin within 12-24 hours after mating. The mares expelled most of the flushed fluid within 20 -30 minutes of oxytocin injection. Eighteen of the treated mares, 13 (72%) conceived after mating on one estrous period. Results of this study indicates that removing intrauterine fluid containing inflammatory by-products by saline lavage and inducing uterine contractions with oxytocin after mating improved conception rates in infertile mares.

A total of fourty-five cases of traumatic- reticulo- peritonitis in cows (16 cows ill for 24-48 hrs and 29 cows ill for 72-120 hrs). in Baghdad were diagnosed clinically, laboratory and autopical findings. The most valuable diagnostic signs were increased rectal temperature (39.9 C), respiratory rates (36/min.) and heart beats (95/min.), decreased in milk production (100.00 %), ruminal atony (95.56%), abdominal pain (93.33%), disturbed appetite (91.11%), decrease manure production (84.44%) and recurrent tympany (84. 44%). The total and differential leucocyte counts provided good diagnostic and prognostic data. The determination of total plasma protein and fibrinogen were used as aids to the diagnosis of traumatic reticulo-peritonitis in this study.

Study was conducted on 149 case of cross breed bovine dystocia referred to Department of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Al-Wihda Cattle station, Baghdad, Iraq. Results showed that 87.5% of bovine dystocia were successfully relieved by cesarean section (C.S), 85.5% success was achieved by correction an traction, 71.4% by fetotomy and 50% by hormonal treatment. Most of the cases subjected to C.S, were heifers. Details concerning number of cases subjected to C.S, indications, positive response, state of pregnancy, number of claves recovered, number of male/female and survival rate of claves were listed in two enclosed tables. From results we may conclude that C.S was the best indicative treatment of dystocia, particularly when all the trails and efforts of treatments failed, inspite of the reasonable results obtained from various treatments mentioned in other cases

Electrophoretic Pattern of Serum proteins were studied in thirty normal Arabian race horses. The resolution of the serum protein fractions in 24 (80%) of horses, group I revealed five fractions, albumin and the globulins (a1, a2, B and y). The total serum protein was ranged from ( 6.2-8.4 gm/dL) with mean (7.57 ±0.17) in the this group of horses.


Where-as four fractions, albumin and the globulins (a2, B and y) were observed in 6(20%) of horses, group 2.
The total serum protein was ranged from (6.0 - 7.4 gm/dL) with mean (6.76 ± 0.27) in that group of horses.
The Albumin/Globulin ratio in both Groups was (0.66 ±0.13); (0.89 ± 0.07), respectively.

Sixteen normal colostrum-fed -Friesian and Holestein-Friesian X Angus crossbred calves, ranging in age from 2 to 7 weeks were divided into 4 vaccinated groups and 1 nonvaccinated (control) group. Group I consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at a two week interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 thar1l05 live virulent Salmonella gghimurium, strain 108-11). Group ll consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at two weeks interval with 1011 organisms (modified Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL 3261 ). Group [[1 consisted of 2 calves vaccinatedlivitwice at two weeks interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 than 105 virulent Salmonella typhimurigg, strain 108-11). Group IV consisted of 3 calves which were vaccinated 1M twice atv/o weeks interval with109 live modified strain 108-11(SL 1479). Group V consisted of 7 calves which served as nonvaccinated controls. One to two weeks after the final vaccine close all calves were orally challenge exposedwith 1.5x 1011 viable Salmonella typliimurium, strain 108-11. The results of vaccination with different preparation of vaccine indicated that a modified live vaccine strain designated as SL 1479 with complete, nonreverting blocks in aromatic biosynthesis may beappropriate for protecting domestic animals against Salmonella infection.

Sixty sheep of three local breeds (Awassi, Hamdani, Karadi) of age, 6-8 months were divided to two groups, the first fed on low level of nutrition. Each group then divided into Two subgroups, the first was infected with 500 larvae / Kg Haemonchus contortus & the second was used as a control. Egg G. fecal sample, staple length, P. c. v. Hb; weight gain were recorded weekly for 13 week post infection. Results revealed that all sheep traits of low level nutrition were significantly (P<0.01) more affected than high level nutrition group. Awassi breed was more reistant to infection with H. contortus than Hamdani & Karadi breeds.

The pathological and histochemical changes inthe lung of ten guinea pigs have been investigated after using viable Nocardia asteroides in a dose of 1.5*108 cfc, thebacteria was injected intrapulmonary. Lesions of pyogranuloma were developed. Histochemical studies showed that the granules of goblet cells and mucos glands of lung contain a mixture of neutral and sialomucin normal animal , these types of mucin changed to sialomucin and sulfomucin inthe infected animals.

This trial comprised (28) naturally affected calves with hypomagnesaemic tetany, which were diagnosed clinically and by measuring the serum level of magnesium, calcium, sodium, inorganic phosphorus, potassium and SGOT & CPK enzymes. There were significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum level of magnesium and calcium. While serum potassium and serum enzymes level shown significant increase (P < 0.01) during tetanic attacks. On the other hand serum sodium and inorganic phosphorus level were dropped slightly. Each calf was treated for three successive days with magnesium and calcium salts, with tranquilizers, in addition to sodium chloride for relief of dehydration. With the use of these medicaments as compared to the commerical preparations, the frequency of tetanic attacks decreased gradually then disappeared completely after the completion of treatment.

The effect of Ivomec was studied against stomach large worm H. contortus in experimental Awasi lambs through infection of 500 infective larvac per Kg body weight. Result revealed that Ivomec has high efficacy reaching 100%. Two weeks post treatment, improvment of blood parameter was recorded 3 weeks post treatment indicating its effectivness, there was also decrease in the number of eggs per gram which vanished 2 weeks post treatment. This indicated that Ivomec with a fixed dose has high efficacy against H. contortus the most spread helminth in Iraq