AL-ADAB JOURNAL

This research sheds light on the function of the pronoun as a tool of textual cohesion in Surat Yassin, based from theoretical and procedural perspectives on the model of textual analysis for Teun A. Van Dijk, who has laid the foundations for a pragmatic syntactic approach in understanding the text and analyzing it in a syntactic manner, and by adopting constructive statements of a total nature, the most important of which is the " Macro structure". Depending on this, the analysis of the surat text, on the deep thematic level reveals the effects of the textual unity of the surat in spite of the multiplicity in the theme patterns in the text, by showing the primary function of pronoun reference: providing the semantic tool that serves the cohesion of the text, and, carries its thematic structure

The research deals with how the poet adapts the reality to an artistic and artisanal adaptation through which he can reach the expected ambition, in order to realize the desires, dreams and aspirations emanating from his subconscious, relying on the reality of reality and what he suffers from refraction, disappointment and misery, the future and what he desires in joy and optimism, and the realization of the desired, ceasing himself And its capabilities in the ability to transform those real (negative) contents into future (positive) contents with awareness and deep vision.

This research deals with the stylistic analysis of the words that came in the Holy Quran on the root of Baalel، and deals with the stylistic levels of sound، morphology and significance to show the impact of the presence of these words and their role in the composition of verses and the emergence of contextual connotations and their impact on the recipient، and attempts to root the situation of the quadriplegic verb in Arabic with evidence، evidence and examples.

Tandem is manifestation of the arabic language, an important characteristic of its characteristics, and is one of the means of language that helps to grow the language and increase its linguistic wealth, it is one of the means that enriched the Arabic dictionaries in many words until the Arabic dictionaries can express the same meaning in more than one word of Without ambiguity in meaning, and by tword, we can know the words that are shared with each other semantically, as well as the contexts in which the words of the same connotation change, and the books of travellers have been characterized by the existence of a number of synonyms, because they have studied the languages of the countries and territories they visited, Some of them have stated it, and some have not stated it, so this research deals with the definition of "tandem", and the statement of the opinions of the scholars and their differences around them, and sought to extrapolate the synonyms in the books of travellers, and described and balanced them with what the linjuists said

The phenomenon of spinning in the pre-Islamic era, the emergence of Islam, the Umayyad era, and the Abbasid era enjoyed many studies, and most of these studies that formed this prominent phenomenon in Arab poetry were concerned, as did the other section of those studies concerned with the artistic effect of spinning hair in terms of construction and installation, and rarely these studies were subject to monitoring The civilizational effect of this phenomenon, and if you were exposed to something of that, it is within the limits of the transient references that do not constitute an interdependent unit, and from here I found the topic (the narrative structure in the poetry of Abd al-Amir al-Husayiri) passion, love and passion in myself, as long as I was eager to study a topic related to researching the glorious heritage of our nation, as I am d Meh heritage related to the subject of great importance because of its active presence in the tightening weft cultural fabric and knowledge of the nation.

This study deals with one of the principles of speech or conversation, which together with other topics pertainging to it, e.g. face theory and politeness theory, represent key topic in prgamtics. These princilpes are applied to selected poem of the Iraqi poet Ahmad Matar. The study takes an analytical and descriptive approach in analyzing the data of from a pragmatic perspective, so as to identdifiy the peot’s intented meaning and the ligusitics devices he utilized to convey that meaning. The poet used some devices that are similar to the ones used in is regular language and in daily dialogues. He aims to maximize the impact on the recipient and sustain the process of communicating and interacting with his texts. His style is meant to convince others of his political and social ideas and visions.

Many important developments emerged on the international policy after the end of the World War II on 1945 represented by the appearance of the conflict among the triumphant countries obviously. These countries were divided into two fronts: the socialist one led by the Soviet Union and the eastern European countries and the Capitalist front led by the United States, Britain and the western European countries. Thus, the United States and Britain intended to form a strong front in the Middle East against the Soviet Union especially after the increase of the communist danger on the west and its regimes. Since the countries divide Kurdistan (Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria), they represent the more important part in the zone, so the United States moves toward them to achieve success of its projects to restrict the Soviet Union and its alliance. The countries which divide Kurdistan realized that any alliance in which the greater countries take part is a good opportunity to unify their attitude and get rid of their discords to stand against the greater danger; the Kurdish issue. Despite the discords which characterize its relations, it does not hesitate to enter any alliance which ensures the restriction of the Kurdish national movement and suppress it.

The importance of the present topic lies in its shedding light on the activity of the colonial alliance which observes the Kurdish national movement in the countries which are still dividing Kurdistan, despite getting all documents which are concerned with this topic, the researcher keeps no effort in writing this invaluable research in its present form.

The social aspect in the countries of China was considered an important aspect that attracted the attention of Arab and Muslim travelers and geographers during the Middle Ages. They pointed to many aspects of social life in these countries, including clothing, marriage, holidays, and so on in detail, so this study sought to identify social life in The country of China, the third century AH / ninth century AD, to the end of the sixth century AH / twelfth century A.D. through books of trips and geography, and what was mentioned by travelers and geographers about the social aspect of this country in that period whose trips were limited to the countries of China, for example For Suleiman the merchant, the Serafi, and Barzak bin Shahriar, and the topic is considered an important topic to shed light on the lives of the peoples and tribes of the countries of China and the knowledge of organizing their affairs and ways of living in addition to knowing some common aspects between this country and neighboring countries such as India.

With all the discussions that the German geography witnessed in order to develop it, it still suffers from ambiguity and turmoil in understanding its subject, and this situation continued until before the First World War. However, this does not diminish the edifice constructed by the German Geographic School, as it is a tall and prominent landmark on the path of geographical thought. Geography has reached the level of fundamental science that examines human and natural laws and phenomena in various scientific ways, since all the credit is due to the German geographic school to the two worlds (Humboldt and Ritter) who contributed to establishing modern scientific rules and elevated them to the level of organized fundamental science that derives its data It is directly from nature, using inductive approaches that are appropriate to the scientific method at that time. As geography has shifted from a collection of general descriptive information about nature and people to a philosophical field based on analysis and observation.

The needs of each crop differ for the thermal requirements that it needs during the season of its growth, and this variation is the basis of the diversity in agricultural crops. The research relied on the analytical method to find out the suitability of the thermal requirements of grain crops (Wheat, Barley, Yellow Corns , mash) for the eight climate stations (Salah Ad-Din, Mosul, Sulaymaniyah, Khanaqin, Baghdad, Rutba, Samawah, Basra) and for the period (1988 - 2017). The following stations are recorded as the most suitable climatic stations for growing crops according to the optimum temperature limits, two stations (Samawah, Basra) for the crops of Wheat and Barley. Through the optimum temperature data, the autumn loop is the most suitable for the cultivation of Yellow Corn in all stations in question. Spring is the most suitable for growing Mash. The following stations are recorded as the most suitable climatic stations for growing crops according to the optimum thermal limits for two stations (Mosul, Khanaqin) for the Wheat crop, the stations (Mosul, Khanaqin, Rutba) for the Barley and Yellow Corn crops in spring. All stations for the Yellow Corn in autumn, and Mash in spring, and two stations (Salah Al-Din, Sulaymaniyah) for Mash in autumn.

The research included the concept of investment and investment projects, being the main part in building the investment map for the Baghdad Governorate, and clarifying the factors affecting it and clarifying the determinants and criteria of investment that affect the establishment of investment projects and the reasons behind this discrepancy. In particular, as a set of factors affecting the success of the investment process crystallize according to a set of criteria and determinants that are reflected in the reality surrounding the investment process, whether natural or human The security situation and political stability as the highlight of these factors.

The construction industry is one of the industries that have a significant role in the economic and social aspects of Misan Governorate. Therefore, this study came as part of highlighting an important economic aspect in Misan Governorate. The study consisted of a number of axes representing the first to deal with this concept definition and classification as well. The second axis dealt with the structure and types of construction industries represented by seven of them in the province which are industry (bricks, asphalt block, pinched block, kerbstone, kashi, Alastaiker, concrete ready, gravel cracking and sorting) As well as each industry had its relative importance within the province among the construction industries, while the last axis dealt with the spatial distribution of construction industries in the Governorate of Misan at the level of each industry first, and at the level of the province in general compared to (6) districts with a standard adoption (number of establishments and the number of workers adult 282) labs and (4620) workers and using the equation of relative importance statistically for comparison and the study showed the seizure of brick industry and crushing gravel on the first and second place in the province among the construction industries, but at the level of districts has captured the architecture of the first place in the construction industries The study showed a set of conclusions and directives necessary as a result of the study.

The research aims at clarifying the phenomenon of displacement as a problem that has negative consequences through identifying the number of families of Al-Anbar Governorate displaced inside Iraq and the most important directions of displacement inside Al-Anbar Governorate and outside it, and the most important problems that they suffer from. The importance of the research comes in clarifying the geographical nature of the phenomenon of displacement as a population crisis that Iraq encounter it in general and Al-Anbar governorate in particular. The analytical descriptive approach has been relied on in studying the phenomenon of displacement through the number and ratios of displaced families to the population of Al-Anbar governorate as a whole during the period (2014-2017) and showing its geographical distribution in the governorates of Iraq. The results of the field study have been relied on through using a questionnaire form in clarifying the problems that the displaced families suffer from.The current research has arrived at a number of results, the most important of them are:

The total number of the displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate reached to (273356) families in the period (2014-2017), however, the number in 2014 reached to (200994), (73.5%) which is the highest percentage in compared with the percentages of the following years, while the lowest percentage was in 2017, where the number of displaced is (2054), (0.8%) of the total families of Al-Anbar governorate.
The highest number of the displaced families was for the families which were displaced inside Al-Anbar governorate, i.e. from the areas of the military conflict to safer areas and did not cross the borders of the province with a large percentage that reached to (52.4%) of the total families displaced in the period (2014-2017).
The displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate faced many problems, including security problems, where the victims of murder accounted for (12.7%) of the size of the surveyed sample, while the percentage of arrested people was (29.5%), and the missing people, whose fate was not known, was the highest percentage (57.8%).
The displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate suffered from social problems that were represented by poor social adaptation in the hosting areas (48%) of the sample size. The economic problems represented by material suffering are the most suffering economic problems by families in Al-Anbar governorate during displacement, at a high rate of (54%).
The high percentage of the unemployed in the displaced families after the displacement compared to the percentage before the displacement, increased from (27%) to (85%), with a decrease in the level of monthly income of (74%) of the families surveyed after displacement to which reach to (less than 250) thousands Iraqi dinars, and it does not meet their needs. As for the families whose monthly income was (750 - and more) thousand Iraqi dinars, it was (1%) only.

It was found that the iron and manganese element at the site (o) represents the Diyala River before meeting at the Tigris River. Their language values ​​during November were 6.51 and 5.12 for iron and manganese respectively . During February, it reached 8.36 and 6.203, respectively. The site turns out to be invalid for the purpose of planting winter crops because it negatively affects them. As for the other factors, they are within the limited accepted barriers that agree with the factor related to food organisation and International nutrition.

Iraq has demonstrated a race to provide advanced technology for housing since the dawn of time and until the end of the last century. In our research, we review the technology of systems, elements and building materials in the field of housing and an overview of this achievement in order to benefit from these experiences and news in their construction in order to know the areas of failure and success so that we can make the right decision about the appropriate technology for housing in Iraq, Starting from the diagnosis and follow-up to what is housing projects in Iraq and the materials involved in implementation that are not appropriate with the ecological climate in Iraq, as it does not provide the required thermal comfort inside the building, building materials are far from local materials that have effective equivalence with the climate and also with a lower cost And good quality comparable to what is foreign on building materials, Therefore, a historical sequence must be provided for everything that was presented in the building technology used in housing projects from the dawn of civilizations to our modern era in order to overcome the weaknesses and compliance with the positive aspects that would use technical building materials commensurate with housing projects in Iraq, and therefore because the building materials that It was used before the technology entered local materials, but with different technologies, depending on the specificity of the region, from the marshes to the traditional neighborhoods in the cities.

Violence is a form of oppression practiced against a group or group or individuals carried out by a certain party seeking to achieve a goal or principle of principles. Women have historically been part of this violence despite repeated attempts to give them their rights, but they have always suffered from shortcomings. Violation and deprivation of spiritual and social freedom in various societies and the city of Mosul after being subjected to the worst forms of oppression and exclusion and religious and social torture and religious barbarism represented by the culture of violence based on the interpretation of the wrong religion of Islam was a large share of women will try to address the vinegar This research and we provide a hierarchy of images of the abuse suffered by the woman exclusively conductive and lived during that period and left these tribulations on the character and its outlook on life and the role played by the universities in the city of Mosul in the return of this slide and ways of adaptation and psychological harmony within the community and its social responsibility towards him in general and women on In particular, and to provide important results that serve to sensitize, serve and guide the institutions of society and the State, in accordance with their respective fields of competence and scope.

National security is the protection of citizens and individuals on the territory of the state, also known as the use of security means to maintain the proper functioning of daily life, apart from any crises that cause harm, the human and material components of society.

In the past, the concept of national security was related to the strategic and military fields and prospects related to confronting potential and sudden threats against a state, and the methods of confronting them.

National security is the capacity of the State to protect its territory, people, interests, beliefs, culture and economy from external aggression, as well as its ability to deal with all internal problems. And work to solve it and follow a balanced policy that prevents polarization and increase the unity of the word and root loyalty and belonging to the homeland and leadership. From this standpoint, this research focuses on the concept of national security, its theories, levels, and impact. Among the most important findings of the researcher that the national security is not only concerned with the military dimension or military security, but is characterized by inclusiveness and an example of this is social security, health security and food security. Also, the study reached the following dimensions of national security, as follows:

The human dimension or security of national security, for example, food security that is based on providing the stock of spare food and providing it when needed in any emergency occurring in an emergency and crisis

The health dimension or security: an important part when talking about the internal security and the individual security of the citizen, especially what epidemics and viruses occur in the world such as the Corona virus in addition to treatment and trying to reduce it.

The sub-identities could undermine the connection between people, that happens if there is no short and long term strategic plans, so the connection is the best way to create loyalty to the country.

Some countries fear the substance of sub-identities, Europe communities suffered of appearance of daesh, so we tied that to Iraqi situation with mentioning the history.

The research deals with the subject of “Bioethics”, Which means the ethics of the biomedical field, It represents an arena for science to meet with ethics, It includes a group of various disciplines such as, physicians, biologists, clergy, philosophers, law men, politics and economics, psychologists and sociologists, To establish standards and controls for medical practices in the field of biology, Through this topic, we will try to detect a set of ethical problems resulting from technological development in the field of medicine and biology, For example: Sexual transformation, artificial insemination, abortion, organ transplantation, euthanasia and human cloning, With the presentation of visions related to it by clerics and philosophers, Our vision is holistic on those topics that emerged from the great scientific development in the field of medicine and biology.

The research aims to identify the concepts of health education that should be included in the science book for the sixth grade of the developed primary. The researcher used the analytical descriptive method which is based on the content analysis using the content analysis form prepared by the researcher. Of the arbitrators, and then ensure their stability by re-analysis, and the card was formed in the final version of (5) main areas, of which (29) concept.
The science book was chosen for the sixth grade developed for the academic year 2017/2018 and the number of pages analyzed (178) pages of the total pages of the book consists of (252) The researcher excluded questions and pictures from the analysis.
Study Tool: Analysis of science book content for the sixth grade primary developer.

The reason of this study is to reply the following inquiries:

Are there any statistical significant correlations between Self Assertion and adjustment family among children .

The sample of the study involves (300)child selected randomly (150) male child (150) female child with there mother of children in the delay childhood stage in the Damascus country governorate

The researcher had used rating Self Assertion among children and adjustment family test.

The researcher had used number statistical tests in ciuding:1-mean 2-the standard deviation 3-the correlation 4-t.test.

The most important results of the current study are:

There are strong statistical significant correlations between Self Assertion and adjustment family among children
There are statistical significant differences in between Self Assertion males and females of low adjustment family children
There are no statistical significant differences between Self Assertion males and females of high adjustment family children
There are statistical significant differences in between Self Assertion older children and smaller children

The research aims

Measure .the Social marginalization and the destructiveness personality. To

Defining the differences in the Social margianalization and destructiveness personality according to gendar (males & females ) besides to identifying the correlation between Social margianalization and destructiveness personality,

In order to accomplish thr researchs aims, the researcher adoption Al-Shammari.2013 scale which consisted of (28) paragraphs to destructiveness personality , and Gallie scale ,2002 which was translated by Al-Janabi,2014 which consisting of (19) paragraphs Social marginalization acheived the validity and the ability and psychometric devices, the two Measures where applied to sample amounted to (200) students "males & females"The data where statistically processed , and the results concluded that evening studies

Students they suffer from the. Social marginalization and destructiveness personality-and There are differences in the destructiveness personality between males and females and in favor of males,while there are no differences in the Social marginalization .Moreover, there is a correlation between the Social marginalization and subversive personality. In light of the results, the researcher set of recomendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to know (the extent to which comprehensive quality standards are used in the courses of preparing and training Arabic language teachers in teaching methods for education directorates). To achieve this goal , the researcher choses his research community represented by the six general directorates in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2018-2019), and the researcher has used the observation form that includes three areas of the comprehensive quality standards represented in (the first field the criteria for planning and preparing for the lesson, the second field is for implementing the lesson, and the third field is for evaluating the lesson. The list of the observation form included in its final form (42) paragraphs, and the researcher has relied on extracting honesty . These criteria has been offered to a group of experts and arbitrators in the Arabic language, methods of teaching and measurement and evaluation to show their opinion on their validity and express their opinions in them. The researcher has adopted the direct observation of the Likert scale because it is characterized by accuracy, comprehensiveness and consistency, and the researcher has used the statistical means appropriate for his research represented by Weighted mean, percentage weight, and Pearson correlation coefficient, and after the researcher has analyzed the results, it has appeared as follows:

The second field includes the implementation of the lesson in the first place, while the first field is the criteria for preparation and implementation of the lesson has become second, while the third field of evaluation criteria remains the same in the third place, and in light of the research results the researcher concludes that the courses that have been held in the directorates of preparation and training included comprehensive quality standards for Arabic language teachers for the primary stage have not at the required level, and it lacked many standards that confirm modern programs in light of technological development and progress to keep pace with what is new and modern that serves the educational process in general.

The researcher recommends several recommendations, the most prominent of which are: to familiarize themselves with the experiences of developed countries in the preparation and training programs that undertake to the development of the educational institution, especially Arabic language teachers, and urged the trainees to use modern methods, strategies, methods and programs that have an active role in contributing within the classroom.

The researcher suggests conducting several studies, the most prominent of which are: conducting a similar study for secondary school teachers in total quality standards in later courses.

The personal life of Sadegh Hedayat was a special life, only a few people knew about this side of the life. It was said that when he reached Paris just a few months before he committed suicide he was already desperate, miserable and extremely hopeless. He showed no signs of interest in life. In most of his works, he expresses strange and sad sides in the relationships between man and woman; in which he had no influence over.

His female casts where always imprison by their sexual desires, this is not only the case in his novel (The Woman That Lost Her Husband) but was also obvious in his other works, it is as if the character in his novels represent himself, because he was not very successful in his relationships with women. in his world he expresses that (he wishes for women to come to him) but because of his shyness and pride he did not allow himself to approach them and be rejected.

The research aims to achieve a number of objectives:

1- Reveal the extent of public interaction with the use of advertising applications in satellite tv via mobile devices

2- Identify audience preferences between applications

3- Find out the most important topics that the public prefers to interact with in advertising applications.

4- Reveal the most prominent obstacles facing users of advertising applications in satellite tv via mobile phone

5-To see how mobile satellite advertising applications contribute to increasing audience interaction .

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on the survey method by designing a questionnaire form, which included a number of axes and questions in order to obtain answers from the researchers, and extract the results, as the researcher used a sample of chance which is from the intentional samples, 250 forms were distributed among the questionnaires among the researchers in public places on both sides of Baghdad center (Al-Karkh and Al-Risafa), distributed among the researchers who use advertising applications in satellite satellite siphone exclusively, and retrieved (224). The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including:

1- The application of Al-Sharqiya channel was ranked first, followed by Sumerian channel in second place

2- The first benefit of using news applications is (speed of ad access), while the category (identifying products and services anywhere and anytime) has been resolved.

3- The problem (internet vulnerability) was one of the biggest obstacles suffered by application users, and then resolved (sudden exit from the application). As well as other results.

The topic of the features of the festive movie was not raised previously, nor was it established and prepared for it, therefore there is a precedent and difficulty in establishing and elaborating the features of this type of film, especially in the works of Prince of Costa Rica that have common features that we can call festive, which are different from the storytelling or watching. Or carnival, although all of these designations extend their roots to the ceremonial rituals of the peoples, which were embodied in the (Akito) ceremonies of the Babylonians, and the Greeks in the celebrations of Bakhos, as well as associated with rituals and festivals, which later turned to include festivals and worldly ceremonies. From its inception in the Greek incubator, the theater presented patterns of ceremonialness in the theater, specifically its first beginnings with the choir, and then the emergence of the single actor alternating with the choir. There is also the name of the ceremonial theater. But in the cinema, which is the most recent history of the theater that is deeply rooted in history, many directors have presented films bearing the characteristics of celebration, storytelling, spectacle and carnival.

The development cannot abandon technical-artistic creativity, and each art has its own language and its working tools by which the artist can communicate his ideas, so he can be creative in forming and formulating them within artistic treatments that contribute to enriching the visual image and the subject expressed, and it is from this idea that the research sheds light on the development Technical treatments for scenes of flashback in the cinematographic environment, which enter among the various technical treatments employed by the director, and contribute to creating appropriate and expressive influences and inspirations within the course of the flashback scene to include time indications related to the structure of time in the cinematographic work, and after the digital world entering the film and television milieu, this milieu have benefited from employing new techniques to scenes associated with flashback goals, which contributed to the diversification process at work and address various technical treatments on the level of form in the presentation of the flashback scene.

This research aims to find out the Iraqi Press’ attitude in regards to the problems of the youth. Its goals focus on answering questions that came into light during the research process and to identify the most important problems facing young people which received the attention of the Iraqi press. It also studies the important journalistic arts that dealt with the problems of the youth. This research is descriptive in terms of gender, as the researcher used the survey method, and the method of content analysis represented by (5) major groups and (25) subcategories of press content to achieve the research’s objectives. The major results the research reached are:

Studying the trends and methods of presenting the content of youth problems in the Iraqi press, as it appeared (in a negative direction) in Al-Mada newspaper, which explains the process of its presentation of topics and criticism of those in a responsible position through its various arts, as well as the lack of its solutions, if any, they are patchwork solutions and not radical solutions.

The purpose of the abstract: The Interrogative sentences are one of the more using sentences in the Turkish language & normal life in the Turkish society.

For the reason, the basic purpose of this abstract; is the Interrogative study by its meaning and its linguistic structure.

Upon y study, I focused on the interrogative sentences in a novel of (Jacob Qadri Kara Osman Oglu) under the title of (All This Song), I have selected this study because the author is one of novel name in the Turkish literature and also has been mentioned interrogative sentences largely for this novel.

In Introduction or Preface, we mentioned to the meaning of interrogative sentences & its structure and we have dealt with value sources in the field of Turkish language for the Turkish linguists that they searched in the interrogative sentences generally.

Dystopian literature is important in old and modern literature. It depicts a world in which everything is imperfect, chaotic and distorted. It shows a nightmarish image yet it is true in some afflicted communities. It mainly deals with war, oppression and disastrous situations. Almost all the characteristics of dystopian literature are real in Ahmed Saadawi’s novel Frankenstein in Baghdad. These characteristics are real and tangible in the place where the events of the novel occurred. These characteristics are manifested in people’s fear from the government, the American troops and terrorism attacks. Also the unstable life that they are forced to adapt. In addition, the lack of freedom and independence create a huge gap between citizens and the government.

Baghdad was devastated by many oppressive factors like: American annoying troops, terrorists’ explosions attacks, incompetent government highly officials, and militias’ sectarian attacks. The only imaginative tool of dystopia that Saadawi use is the creation of Whatsitsname. Saadawi tries to drag his readers’ attention to a magical-realistic world. All the other incidents are real and present in everyday life in Baghdad in 2005; like the unsafe capital, the disintegration of family members, the separated limps of victims. Saadawi virtually described the dark era in Baghdad at that time. The bloodshed, the torture and massive killing was overwhelming the city.

Dystopian fiction links elements of truth that is specific to the time in which it is written in with science or imaginary elements that represent the terrifying direction we are winding to. Frankenstein in Baghdad converses this classic formula: the dystopian fundamentals of the novel are not engrained in its hypothetical and mythical elements but rather in the very real, frightening violence that Baghdad witnessed in 2005.