Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

A method has been developed for the determination of the ibuprofen drug in aqueous solution and pharmaceutical preparation using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The opitimum experimental condition were based on the formation of complex compound and studied, the best temperature (303 k°), reaction time (13 min), solvent extraction(3 ml) and extraction time (5 min). Mole ratio and Job –method was used to found the ratio between the ligand (drug) and the metal ion (Co), the complex output ratio of (1:1). Detection of limit =0.223 μg/ml, Re% =96.8, r =0.9561, linearity (1x10-3–2x10-2M) and sandell sensitivity S =0.1008

This paperpresents the implementation of Smith predictor structure for the control of a first order plus delay time process. Water heater for vacuum distillation apparatus is studied, the open loop transfer function shows a first order plus delay time. The control system is analyzed using open loop Bode plot and root locus method through “sisotool”in MATLAB control tool box. The Smith predictor control design carried out using MATLAB (7.11.0) command windows. The controller gain is found to be 96.3 and the integraltime 256.4

A fast and sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA) method for the quantitative determination of thymol(THY) in raw and pharmaceutical formulations have been proposed. The method is based on coupling reaction between THY and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in alkaline medium with presence of potassiumperiodateto form an intense violet water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 570 nm. A graph of absorbance versus concentration indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-150 μg.mL-1of THY, with detection limit of 5 μg.mL-1and sample throughputs of 60h-1.The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of THY in mouth wash preparations

Sulfamethoxazole ion selectiveelectrodeswereconstructed based on sulfamethoxazole -tengestophosphoric acid asion paircomplex in a polyvinylchloride matrix and plasticized by four plasticizers,Di-octyl phthalate (DOPH); Tri-butylphosphate(TBP); Acetophenone(AP) and Nitrobenzene (NB). Sulfamethoxazole electrodes (E1, E2, E3 and E4) gave slopes (52.008, 58.381, 56.909 and 50.309mV/decade) and linear ranges from (1×10-5-1×10-2,1×10-7-1×10-2,1×10-5-1×10-2and 1×10-5-1×10-2M)respectively.The best electrode (E2) was based on TBPplasticizer which gave a slope 58.381mV/decade, correlation coefficient 0.9997, detection limit of 9×10-8M, lifetime 27 day. pH and life time of the electrodes were also studied and the proposed electrode displayed a good stability and reproducibility and were used to determine the Sulfamethoxazolein pharmaceutical samples. The interferences measurements in the presence of (Na+, K+, Cu+2, Mn+2, Fe+3, Al+3, trimethoprim, starch, sucrose and gelatin) were studied using the separated method and mixed method for selectivity coefficient determination

A. Background: Diabetes initiates the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis through changing the function of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets. Also insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can lead to arterial atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Angiopoietin like protein-4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional protein involved in lipid regulation, energy metabolism, angiogenesis, andinflammation. Its expression is stimulated in liver, heart, muscle and adipose tissue, during the acute phase response. C-reactive protein directly induces the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells. Also recruiting monocytes into the vessel wall are triggered by the expression of specific chemokines particularly monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), all these processes induce the risk of atherosclerotic complications with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).B. Aim of this study: To study the role of ANGPTL4 in T2DM patients with and without atherosclerosis risk factor (dyslipidemia), and to demonstrate the relationship of ANGPTL4 with inflammatory process

Infertility is the inability to conceive a child for more than one year.The present study indicates that the obesity associated with infertility.The aim of the study todetermine follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone hormone and prolactin levels. and cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in 2ndinferetid women. This study was carried out at kamal al-samaarai hospital the data were collectedfrom 95 secondary infertilial women were age between 16-45 years old and grouped them in to obese (n = 46) and non obese(n = 49). There was no significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). Body mass index in Infertile obese women is slightly higher than non obese Infertile women which is statistically significant (P<0.001). However LH, TSH, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in obese infertile women is significantly higher than non obese infertile women (p >0.05).The BMI was correlated positively with triglyceride in obese group while BMI was positive correlation highly significant with cholesterol in non obese group. Regression analysis revealed obese to be strongly associated with observed infertility. The elevated prolactin values in secondary infertile women clearly shows that there is a mechanism operating at the anterior pituitary level which shows an abnormal distribution of FSH and LH which may further explain the abnormal delay ovum maturation. This study also indicates obese associated with infertile more than non obese women

Electrical insulators in this research were made from reinforced epoxy with three kinds of fiberglass (wool, low surface density and high surface density). Samples made manually, resistivity, insulation voltage, tensile strength and bending test were done. The results showed that the highest tensile strength for reinforced epoxy with low surface density fiberglass was (195 N/mm2),while highest bending stress was for reinforced epoxy with high surface density fiberglass (84 N/mm2).Mechanical properties test was done for samples to ensure that they can be used as replacement of ceramic insulators (porcelain) which is used as insulators in transformer, cabins manufacturing and as electrical wiring’s load which transmitter for electrical current. Reinforced epoxy with wool fiberglass has highest resistivity (28.4*10+1Ω cm) and increasing in insulation voltage for reinforced epoxy with high surface density fiberglass (30 kv)

Characterization of some room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids in thermal applications were investigated. Five ionic liquids prepared from ammonium alum NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O as inorganic salt with urea NH2CONH2or acetamide CH3CONH2as organic compounds, and aluminum nitrate salt Al(NO3)3.9H2O either with urea or acetamide compounds in two mole ratios were investigated using Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. Thermo-physical properties such as enthalpy, heat capacity and thermal energy storage capacity were determined. It was found that ammonium alum: urea (USIL) in the mole ratio (1:5) and aluminum nitrate: acetamide (AN2IL) in the mole ratio (1:22) ionic liquids to be characterized with high density, wide liquid temperature range, high chemical stability, high heat capacity andhigh thermal energy storage capacity. Based on experimental results, it is concluded that ionic liquids could be considered as a candidate for liquid thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids

N-[(3-Bromo-2-methylthiophen-5-yl)methylene]-4-methoxyaniline)(5) has been synthesized and used as corrosion inhibitor for zinc metal in 2 M HCl at room temperature by using weight loss measurements. The obtained results showed that (5) is a good inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency (IE %) increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration. The surface coverage was 1.55 at 500 ppm inhibitor concentration; hence the optimum concentration was 500 ppm. Theoretical calculations investigate by studying the relationship between molecular structure and inhibition efficiency using semi-empirical molecular quantum calculations within the PM3 method as implemented in HyperChem package

Attention has been concentrated on the effect of the current density and lens dimensions on iron-free magnetic lens design. A magnetic field has been calculated for a such magnetic lens for different values of current density. Also, the radial and spiral distortion aberration coefficients have been computed. Results have clearly shown that the low aberration coefficientscan get at current density of high value and the ratio S/D of the system within the rang 0.5 ≤ S/D ≤ 2

The properties of nuclear state density which increases with increasing excitation energy are very importantin many nuclear reactions. Previously, several theoretical calculations were performed and added to correct the state density equation. In this work, various corrections, i.e. the pairing effect, Pauli exclusion principle, parity, spin distribution, the finite depth and the bound state effect were added to enhance the state density results using the energy-dependent single-particle level densities (non-ESM) in 114Sn and 116Sn nuclei. The results of this work were compared to the available experimental (OSLO technique), and theoretical (E&B and HF-BCS) results. The calculations were performed for energies up to 80 MeV and show a reasonable match with experimental and theoretical results at low energies. At high energies the deformation effect affects the results and leads to mismatch between the results of this work and other results. The inclusion of the spin distribution function in case of ????=12, gives results far from the experimental data and previous theoretical results, which shows the importance of the introduction of a new formula that deals with a non-ESM system

Estimation of gases quantities in gases mixture in plasma were accomplished at 300K. Each mixture has an effective value of the molecular collision frequency, electro-ions collision frequency and collision cross-sectional ratio. The computational and experimental results are correlated. In this work, the concept of separate control ion energy and ion flux by the two frequencies works generally well for the investigated discharge setup. The high frequency mainly determines ion flux and radical formation in the mixture discharges while ion energies are strongly influenced by the low frequency. Deviations from an ideally separated control of ion flux and energy are caused by influences on discharge parameters and interaction between the two frequencies since the radio frequency (RF) power sources are coupled to each other in the current setup

In the present study, Tigris River within Baghdad city was monitored for avariety of physical and chemical parameters to determine water quality during 2010. Water quality indices (WQIs) were calculated for protection of aquatic life, using the model of CCME WQI (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index). Twelve parameters were selected namely:Lead, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Turbidity, pH value, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Temperature, Phosphate, Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite. The results revealed that station 3 which was located in south of Baghdad was morepolluted than the other stations. The WQI ranking was between marginal in station 1, 2 to poor in station 3. The highest deviation occurred inlead, Iron and Turbidity, this parameter made a big contribution in decreasing the value of WQI

This study aimed to evaluate efficiency of the bioproduct of the bacterium B. licheniformisto degrade aflatoxin B1 produced by A. flavus. Results showed that 11 isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillusspp. Five isolates diagnosed as A. flavusand 5 isolates as A. niger. Colonies were identified by morphological characteristics, colony characterized of A. flavuswere Yellow -Green color on PDA medium. The bacterium B. licheniformisis highly effective in inhibiting the fungus A. flavusp3 in the culture medium. Percentage of inhibition zone reached 85% caused by the fungus A. flavuscompared with the control. The medium Aspergillus flavusparasiticus agar (AFPA) was used to test the ability of A. flavusfor aflatoxin production. A. flavusvaried in producing aflatoxin. Results revealed that the three isolates P2, P3 and P7 are aflatoxin producers, but P6 and P11 can't produce aflatoxin. On the other hand, results showed variation in A. flavusisolates inproducing the aflatoxin. The isolate (P3) was more produce able of aflatoxin. Moreover, Results showed aflatoxin B1 after the treatment with the fungus A. flavus, recorded 32μg/kg, compared to treatment with B. licheniformis+ A. flavusand the control treatment

This study was carried out on littoral waters of Al-HabbaniyaLake to obtain baseline data on the biodiversity of zooplankton from May 2013 to March 2014 at four different study sites. Sixty–seven taxa of zooplankton were found in Al-HabbaniyaLake. of these, 46 belonging to rotifera, 13 to cladocera, and 8 to copepoda. Rotifera was the dominant group (69%), followed by copepoda (25%) and cladocera (6%). The predominant spp were Keratella cochlearis, K.valgaand Brachionus calyciflorusfrom rotifera,while Diaphanosoma brachyurum andBosmina longirostriswere the most dominant species from cladocera. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were the main environmental variables which influenced zooplankton abundance in the lake. Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.7 (copepoda) to 2.8 (rotifera), species richness inex ranged from1(copepod) to 4 (rotifera) and evenness index fluctuated between 0.60-0.84. This meant that the species were evenly distributed in all sites sampled. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the relatively high zooplankton species diversity in the Al-Habbaniya Lake is an indication that the ecosystem of this lake is characterized as a ‘steady state’ type.

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis an important pathogen of nosocomial infections and has rapidly become the most common producing beta lactamasesthat resistance for many antimicrobial agents. Thus, our study aimed to identify K. pneumoniae isolates harboring SHV, TEM, CTX-M and AmpC β-lactamase genes and the relation between them and with some antimicrobial resistance to avoid treatment failure. Sensitivity disc test and PCR technique were done on 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. The PCR results showed that blaSHV, blaTEM,blaCTX-Mand blaAmpCgenes were present in 91.67% of the isolates. Significance appearance of resistance genes was 75% for each blaSHVand blaCTX-M, 62.5% for blaTEM, while blaAmpCin 16.7%. Finding pointed out that blaAmpCgene present with highly significant in bacterial isolates which lacking the blaSHVand blaCTX-M. Moreover, blaSHVand blaTEMoccurred on significant correlation with blaCTX-M. Antimicrobial discs (CTX, CDZ, CRO and CL) correlating with resistance genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHVand blaTEM). Remarkably, 41.67% of bacterial isolates have three of cephalosporine β-lactamase genes due to the common used of cephalosporine third generation for treatment

In this study,fifty five soil samples were collected from different places in Baghdad. Many Gram positive and negative isolates were obtained; of which 39 isolates were identified as Bacillusspp. when subjected to morphological and microscopical tests. Laccase enzyme activity was determined by quantitative methodsusing syringaldazine as substrate for these isolates, results indicated that 17 isolates of them are laccase producer with different specific activity ranged between (98-600) U/mg and the isolate Bacillus cereus B5 was the most efficient in the production of laccase with specific activity of 600 U/mg proteintherefore, it was chosen to determine the optimum conditions for laccase production. Maximum laccase production was achieved after supplementation of the minimal salt medium(pH7) with 0.5% dextrose, 0.5% yeast extract and incubated at 35oC in shaker incubator (200 rpm) for 24h. Under these conditions, the specific activity of laccase produced in culture supernatant was sharply increased to 7000 U/mg protein

In this paper; we introduce the concepts of dependent element and free action associated to a biadditive mapping. We shall investigate some properties of dependent element of various mapping related to Bicentralizer on a semiprimerings. Also we identify various situations where these maps are free action

n this paper, our aim is to study the numerical solution of initial value problems (IVPs) for ODE ́s is one of the fundamental problems in scientific computation. There are many well-established algorithms for approximate solution of IVPs. However, traditional integration methods usually provide only approximate values for the solution. Precise error bounds are rarely available the error estimates, which are sometimes delivered, are not guaranteed to be accurate and are sometimes unreliable. The main goal of the paper is to present all the existent approaches together emphasizing that since, all researches face the same problem but in different contexts, they are finding the same kinds of problems in spite of there different for mails m5 and methodologies

Regression analysis is one f the basic tools of scientific investigation of functional relationship between dependent and independent variables, For many years linear regression models has been used in almost every field of science. The purpose of regression analysis is to explain the variation of dependent variables in terms of the variation of explanatory variables, residuals are assumed to be due to random errors, however the residuals are sometimes due to the indefiniteness of the model structure or imprecise observations, the uncertainty in this type of regression model becomes fuzziness, not random.The aim of this paper is to study and applied the method of estimation fuzzy linear regression parameters using fuzzy data collectingfrom (145) sample in three stations (Andalus square, jadiriya, alawi) in Bagdad city every day, In order to measurements the concentrations of airborne stuck which represents the response variable, and also the most important air pollutants, namely, (lead, zinc, copper, iron, nickel, chromium, cadmium) as independents variables the main result identify the best techniques to estimate the fuzzy linear regression parameters for this data and calculates the expected value of the concentrations of airborne stuck in Bagdad city for the next years