The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A total of 190 bacterial strains were isolated from both apparently healthy cows and those suffering from mastitis. The isolates were identified and classified according to their cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. Staph. aureus was dominant bacterium (44.2%), being followed by E.coli (21%), P. aeruginosa (11.5%), and Strept.agalactiae (7.4)%. The Staph. aureus strains were studied most intensively, during the course of the investigation. The toxic properties of the strains were compared with other physiological properties and with their susceptibility to antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics was slightly more widespread among the toxigenic than the nontoxigenic strains as indicated by the in vitro sensitivity test.\

Three types of Brucella abortus antigens were prepared: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sonicated cells and whole cells killed antigens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) was carried out in polysterene microtiter plates using horse-radish peroxidase conjugated to anti- normal bovine serum globuline with hydrogen peroxide and ortho-phenylenediamine as hydrogen as substrate. The results showed that the whole Brucella cells antigen gave the best distinguish between the positive and negative sera with lowest cross reactive with E. coli antiserum

The developing ectopic adrenal cortices from nodules. The nodules are embedded in the adrenal capsule, cortical parenchyma or even in the medullary zone of the adrenal gland. These nodules are encapsulated by connective tissue and consist of small polyhedral to columnar cortical cells.

A total of two-hundred and thirty-two cows (eight hundred and eighty four milk samples) located in three different regions in Iraq were examined the overall incidence of summer mastitis was found to be 6.90% (4.98% on quarter basis). The udder infections were highest during August (47.73%) and September (27.27%). Bacteriological examination of milk samples revealed that C. pyogenes (35.18%) were the main etiological agents followed by Str. agalactiae (22.22%) Str. dysagalatiae (16.67%), Str. uberis (9.26%), Staph. aureus (7.41%) and Microcoeeus indolicus (5.56%). The In vitro sensitivity testing of mastitis pathogens, showed that all isolates (100%) tested were sensitive to gentamycin. Most isolates (77.78 to 87.04% of the isolates) were sensitive to erythromycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol.

Chick embryo dermis (CED) cell cultures were prepared from skinpeeled off from 12 day old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryo. The cultures were grown in 199 medium containing 5 % calf serum and 10% trypose phosphate broth (TPB). For primary cultures, suspensions containing 8 x 105 cells per ml were seeded in Roux bottles, culture tubes and 2 oz plastic bottles. Cell culture passaged 3-5 times without muh difficulty. Canadian vaccine strain of lowlpox virus was propagated satisfactorily in CED subcultures. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was characterized by rounding of cells, ballooning of a few infected cells and frmation of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The virus titers were in the order of 107.6 TCD 50 per 0.1 ml.


Three experimental batches of cell culture adopted virus were prepared to be tested for immunization of susceptible birds. These batches were titrated in CED cultures, embryonated SPF eggs and susceptible chickens. The titers were higher on CED cultures. Four weeks old chickens vaccinated with approximately 105 TCD 50 developed good takes and remained apparantly healthy
during the period of observations. Protection was demonstrated against challenge with virulent fowlpox virus. Advantages of production of fowlpox vaccine in CED cultures instead of embryonated eggs were outlined briefly.

Immune responses to rinderpest virus vaccine were studied in 25 calves (3-months old) naturally infected with Theilria and non-infected 25 calves (3-months old) as control group. The immune responses to rinderpest virus vaccine before vaccination and 21 days post-vaccination were examined by serum neutralization test on tissue culture. The results indicated that calves affected with theileriasis showed diminished level of antibodies after 21 days post-vaccination with rinderpest virus vaccine in comparisons with those of the Theileria non-infected calves

This investigation aimed at studying the arteriolar lesions in the hepatic infestation with fascioiiasis. Specimens from slaughterhouse were collected, and studied by histopathology. Sclerotic lesion was revealed in the arteriolar walls of chronic type infestation, while mild arteriolitid was only found in the acute migratory phase.

The antigeic composition of two kinds of malleins (Old mallein and PPD mallein) were analysed by gel filtration chromatography on sephacryl S 300 column. Two major protein peaks were determined and were termed peak 1 (mol. wt> 10-6 daltons) and peak 2 (mol. wt < 5000 daltons). Fractions of mallein were tested for its haemagglutination inhibition activity (HI) and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) in a P. mallei sensitized guinea pigs. Most of the HI activity of the fractions was correlated to the fractions of peak 1. Moreover peak 1 produced good DTH reaction in sensitied guinea pigs, but peak 2 failed to produce satisfactory results.
It was concluded that the antigenic activity of both Old and PPD malleins were associated with the high molecular weight protein fraction which is found in both mallein preparations.

Eighteen birds were taken from a flock of line C and A,. They were reared on three types of litters, wood shaving, typha and blady grass until 7 weeks of age. After slaughtering and defeathering the carcasses were kept frozen. samples of breast and thigh muscles,liver and heart tissues were taken from the carcasses as well as samples of litters which were taken before and after rearing. The results showed that wood shaving contained less bacteria (P < 0.05) than the other two, before and after rearing. Litters from pens containing line C had less bacteria counts than that of line A. Samples from carcasses of line C revealed significantly (P <0.05) less bacterial counts than that of line A. Number of bacteria in liver and heart were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of breast and thigh muscles in both lines. Therefore, it seems to be advantageous to consider the sampling in internal organs (liver or heart) for determination of carcass" bacterial condition.

Mean body weight and body temperature of chickens selected from known parents of groups (sensitive and resistant to stress) were measured weekly. No significant difference was found. Weight of the bursa of Fabricious was significant at week 15.

Dermatomycosis (ringworm) was studied in 15 infected, out of 55 examined cows, 6 months to 2 years of age. Infected cows showed typical clinical signs and lesions of ringworm.


Both types of dermatophytes i. e. Trichophton and microsporum were isolated from these cases. The isolates were the following:
Tr. Verrucosum (40%), Tr. mentagrophytes (6.6%), Tr. megnini (6.6%), Tr. ajelloi (20%), M. nanum (20%) and M. gypseum (6.6%).

This study was designated to evaluate the prevalence of hepatic parasitic lesions in goats and to characterize its pathological (morphological and histo-pathologic) features.


Among a total of 1400 examined goats, the prevalence was 15.07 %. Four types of parasitic affections were reported : 1) Fascioliasis (6.4 %), 2) Tennicollosis (5.5 %), 3) Hydatidosis (2.14 %) and 4) Nodular parasitic lesions without identifying the type of parasite (1 %).

During the 100 yaers (358) horses were examined for detection of lameness. The result of detailed investigation reveiled that (91) and (45) horses with fore and hind limb lameness respectively. Lameness were found to be originated from the fore limb were included shoulder, elbow, radius, carpal, metacarpal, fetlock, phalanx and hoof regions at (0.7%), (5.1%), (2.9%), (12.5%), (15.6%), (9.6), (7.3%) and (13.9%) respectively. While the hind limb lameness were included in thigh, stiffle, tibial. tarsal, metatarsal, fetlock, phalanx and hoof regions at (0.7%), (2.9%), (0.7%), (8%), (8.8%), (1.4%), and (3.3%), respectively.

An adenovirus was successfully isolated from infected liver, spleen and pericardial fluid from infected broiler chicks in primary cell cultures prepared from chicken embryo liver and kidneys. The isolated virus induced cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures which consisted of cell granulation, aggregation and rounding of infectedd cells. An adenovirus like morphology was identified by Electron microscope examination. In addition the isolated virus was diagnosed, by agar gel diffusion test (AGD). Indirect immune fluorescenct test (IFA) and serum neutralization (SN). Using reference hyperimmune serum and sera from recovered chicks

Knemidocoptes mutans (Sercoptidae) was recorded for the first time in IRAQ in egg laying fowl that have been kept on bad managment in house cages.

Thirty males and (30) females from each of two commerical broiler strains (Lohmman and Euribred) were weighted abd slaughtrered at 56 days of age. Over all mean live body was (1967 g) for males and (1692 g) for females mean abdominal fat repersented (2.48%) of the total fat for males and (3.32%) for females. The mean total fat of the body was (13.8%) for the males and (15.5%) for the females.


There were no significant difference between males in mean total fat of both strains at the 5% level but there were significant differences between females.
It was concluded that significant differences were evedente between males and females in the carcass and abdominal fat retio but not between strains.

Six thousandand thirty three calves have been examined for umbilical hernia within the years 1990 to 1995 in 3 different veternary clinics and 688 (11.4%) were suffering from umbilical hernia. All affected calves were treated surgically with complete recovery within two weeks, except for few that have shown other secondary complication

The present investigation aimed determenation of diabetic nephrepathy in alloxan treated rats. The study included:



Seruim chemical studies.

Histopathological and histochemical study on the kidney glomeruli.


Thirty white male rats were used. They were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Izgroup was injected with alloxan monohydrate for 30 days:


2nd group was fed 1% cholesterd lie and injection of 38 mg/kg B.W alloxan dialy for 30 days; 3rd group was normal diet.


kept on


Blood glucose and total Serum cholestered in 1 and 2 groups significantly increased at day 10, 20, 30.


Glomerular lesion in 1 and 2 groups were found, characterized by dilation of glomeruli which showed lipid accumulation.


In conclusion, hyperlipidemia accompanying hyperlipidemia in alloxan induced hyperglycemia, in part apossible factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.