Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Germanium antimony (Ge:Sb) thin films have been fabricated by thermal evaporation system deposition at atmospheric pressure between (5.8x10-6to 7.5x10-6) mbar. The (Ge:Sb) thin films then exposure to Nd:YAGlaser with 1064μm wavelength at different energy densities (100,200) mj/cm2. XRD analysis show that Germanium antimony thin films are polycrystalline and the full width at half maximum(FWHM)increase as laser energy densitiesincreases. Photocurrent and quantum efficiency of the detector increases as the laser energy densitiesincreases

The ligand N'-[2-(2-Phenyl hydrazinyl) Phenyl] benzothiohydrazide (L) has been prepared from the reaction of ortho amino hydrazo benzene with phenyl isothiocyanate in mole ratio (1:1) and characterized by elemental analysis (C,H,N), H1, 13C-NMR, IR and Uv-Vis Spectroscopic methods . The complexes of the bivalent ions (Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II)) have been prepared and characterized. The structural diagnosis were established by IR, Uv-Visible spectrum, conductivities, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility. Chlorideion content was also evaluated by (Mohr method) .The suggested geometry of the complexes were octahedral around the metal ion with the (N,N,S) ligand coordinated in tridentate mode., Kf, maxfor the complexes were estimated too. for Co-complex was calculated. In addition biological activity of the ligand and complexes against two selected types of bacteria were also examined. Some of the complexes exhibited a good anti bacterialactivities

Therearemanymethodswhichcanbeusedtodeterminepackedredbloodcellsvolume(PCV)value.Someofthemaredirectandanotherareindirectmethods.HoweverusingofthemanualrulertoevaluatePCVistheeasiestandmoreeconomicmethodwhichiscommonlyusedasadirectwaytodeterminePCVbutwithprobabilityofpersonalerrorsandplasmatrapped.Inoursearch,wehavebeendesignedandimplementedelectroniccircuitwhichisdependedonArduinoboardtoevaluatePCV.Thenewmeasuringdeviceisconsistedofredlight(600nm)emittersordiodestobenefitofspecifiedabsorbanceofthislightbyerythrocytes(redbloodcells)incomparisonwithlowestabsorbanceofredlightbybloodplasma.Then,thetransmittedlightisreceivedbyphotocellandphotocell'ssignalisprocessedbyArduinoboard.ThedifferenceoflightintensitybetweenincidentandtransmittedlightafteritpassesthroughcentrifugedbloodsamplemakesPCVevaluationmethodreliableon.Seventeendiodesandphotocellswhichareincludedinthisdevicemakedeterminationprocessoferythrocytesvolumetototalbloodvolumeeasiestandmoreaccurate.FinallyusingofprogrammableArduinoboard2560mega(withdeterminedmathematicalequationswhicharestoredinArduinomemory)tocalculateandscreenPCVandHb(hemoglobin)values,itmakesanalysisofPCVbloodreliableandsimpletreatment

Iron-Deferoxamine complex have been synthesized in vitro by the reaction of deferoxamine (which are use as therapeutic agent for removing iron overload from the bodies of thalassemiapatients) with Fe(II) salt in aqueous medium. The geometry of the prepared complex as well as the mode of bonding were determined through FTIR, UV-Vis, mass spectral studies, metal content, and molar conductance. These studies revealed octahedral geometry for the complex with the general formula [FeII(DEF)]Cl2. Complex formation via molar ratio method and variation continuous method in aqueous solution have been also investigated and results were consistent to those found in the solid complexeswith a ratio of (M:L) as (1 : 1). Conditional formation constant could also be calculated for [FeII(DEF)]Cl2 as 2.0 × 103.The effect of time on the formation of Iron –Deferoxamine complex has been also studied. This study showed that each 1×10-3M of deferoxamine needs 2.5 –3 hrs to remove 1×10-3M of Iron (II) by formation coordination complex

HOMOandLUMOenergiesandthermodynamicsofasetofthiadiazoleshavebeenevaluatedbasedonDensityFunctionalTheory(DFT)atB3LYPleveloftheoryat6-31G*intheGaussianprogram.TheresultsofHOMOdensityoffrontierorbitalsindicatethatthiadiaoles,sequenceofdonorabilityisintheorder,2-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole>2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole>5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine>1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine>1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine.Theelectronchargedensityallowedtofindoutdifferentmolecularpropertiessuchustheelectrostaticpotentialandthedipolemoment,whichwerefinallysubjecttoacomparisonleadingtoagoodmatchobtainedbetweenstudiedmolecules.TheintramolecularchargetransferhasalsobeenconfirmedbyanHOMO-LUMOanalysis.

Inthiswork,severalattemptswerecarriedouttoevaluatetheformationofmixedligandcomplexfrom1-10phenanthroline(phen.)anddimethylglyoxime(DMG)withzincion.ComplexformationtestedusingbothFTIRand1HNMRtechniquessupportedbydensityfunctionaltheorycalculations(DFT)toinvestigatethemullikenchargesofbothfreeligandsandtheircorrespondingmixedligandcomplextodeterminethecompetitiveabilityofeachligandtowardzincionandtostudythepossibilityofthesynthesisofmixedligandcomplex.Resultsobtainedshowthat1-10phen.ligandbindsstrongerthanDMG.Octahedralgeometryofthecomplexwasobservedinvolves2:1moleratioofL:Minadditionto2moleofchlorideion.

The ligand (4-(7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-8-ylazo)-1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl pyrazol-5-one 4-yl)derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 13C, 1HNMR, FT.IR and UV-Vis spectra. Complexes of Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous methanol with a (1:2) M:L ratio. The prepared complexes have been characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT.IR, UV-Vis spectra as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. On the basis of physicochemical data octahedral geometries were attributed for the complexes

Organic geochemical analysis and model set–up to simulate the genetic relationships among 18 crude oil samples recovered fromdifferent formationsand variousoil fields within Amara city South Iraq, with depths approximately begin from 2167 to 4430 m, ages of marine carbonates sourced from Middle Jurassic age (Sargelu Formation) according to geochemical similarities appointed previously for this period. The levels of maturation are relatively varied for each sample from low to moderate, MJ-1,MJ-18 (Hartha Formation),MJ-3,MJ-10 (Mishrif Formation),MJ-9 (Nahr Umr Formation), MJ-15 (ZubairFormation),MJ-2,MJ-19(Nahr Umr FormationMJ-10,MJ-11(Zubair Formation) MJ-3 (Nahr Umr Formation),Mj-3 (Sulaiy Formation), MJ-12 (two samples) SulaiyFormation MJ-11, MJ-2 (Nahr Umr Formation),MJ-2 (Zubair Formation), MJ-11 (Sulaiy Formation )of Amara city Oil fields.These samplessuggest theages and paleoenvironmentsof their source rocks. The samples were collected from Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous reservoirs of 18 developed oil fields where about 15 billion barrels of recoverable oil have been reserved. The oil density varies in rather wide range, between 12.2 and39.2 API. Twelve oil samples are ˂25API referring to heavy oil and only oil samples attained defiantly from 25 to 35API are medium oil. Canonial Variables (CV) range attain to (-1.89 to –3.99) of waxy oil. According to the Tissot and Welte’s classification (1984), most of the oils can be classified as ‘‘high sulfur’’ oils/indicate that these samples are of marine origin.Stable Carbon Isotope Composition C15+ Saturate and Aromatic is relatively approximate values giving good supporting evidences for the same family which is Middle Jurassic Age (sourced from Sargelu Formation),generated within the sedimentation of the bituminous calcareous shale and Limestone in Mesopotamian basin. This basin consider as one of the most formative, potential and promising basin in the Middle East according to the typical petroleum system elements. This family was generated by marine carbonate -intrashelf sub basin source rocks, occurring in Jurassic –Cretaceous –Neogenereservoir rocks of Mesopotamian basin which are geochemically similar to the extracts from Middle –Upper Jurassic age (Sargelu Formations), yielding the majority of petroleum oil and gas fields in north and south Iraq.Petroleum system modeling in one dimension(1-D PetroMod) was performed using PetroMod basinmodeling software which developed by Integrated Exploration System (IES) to demonstrate burial thermal history hydrocarbon generation and expulsion for Majnoon oil field so that 1-D PetroMod was applied to Nine wells(Mj-2,Mj-3,Mj-4, Mj-8, Mj-9, Mj-11,Mj-12,Mj-15, and Mj-19)following the procedure of Pitman et al 2004.

In this research, a quantum system consists of three qubits is considered; it has eight states (ǀ000˃, ǀ001˃, ǀ010˃, ǀ011˃, ǀ100˃, ǀ101˃, ǀ110˃ and ǀ111˃). Each of these states is passed through a quantum circuit made of a sequence of quantum gates. The circuit applies X-gate on the first qubit from the left, then using CNOT-gate on the first and second qubits and using the Hadamard-gate on the first qubit. Finally, Hadamard–gate is applied on the third qubit. When the state ǀ000˃ is passed as input through the proposed quantum circuit then the output includes four entanglement states; for the other input states the output will be another non-repeatable entanglement states. So, for using all states in quantum circuit the result will be eight equations each one consists of four entanglement states; which called ML-Quadripartite

In this research, graphene suspension was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes immersed in aqueous solution which contains sulfuric acid, nitric acid anddistilled water (H2SO4/HNO3/H2O). DC biases of 10 V have been applied and the graphene foam was deposited on glass slide.The structural and optical properties of graphene wascharacterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy (OP) and Uv-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern shows crystalline structure of graphene with sharp peak at 26.59o corresponds to an interlayer distance of 0.334 nm of (002) orientation which matching with the interlayer distance of normal graphite.The SEM of graphene was showed that thin layered graphene structures with wrinkled shapes. The compositions of graphene consist of carbon and oxygen with atomic percentages82.75% and 12.01%, respectively. The absorbance spectra using UV-VISwas exibited the graphene suspension and graphene film have two transitions included π-π*and n-π*respectively

In this work, the effect of the electrodes separation on plasma parameters and morphology properties for coated glass samples by silver metal using low voltage DC discharge plasma sputtering source. At fixed argon gas pressure 0.2 mbar and discharge currents Id(20,30,40,50 and 60)mA,for different electrodes separation d (3,4,4.5,5,6)cm was studied. The plasma sputtering source consists of a cylindrical chamber including two circular electrodes made from stainless steel. The cathode electrode is carrying the silver metal as a target and permanent magnet, while a glass sample coater is placed on the anode electrode. The plasma parameters: temperature of electron(Te) and ion density(ni) were determined by using cylindrical single Langmuir probe. Also,the surface morphology for the coater samples were studied by atomic force microscope(AFM). The results of this work shown that a linear increases in ions density and an exponential decreasing in electron temperature for different electrodes separation. Furthermore, the relationship between the average grain diameter and average grain height as a function of electrodes separation are nonlinear. The minimum average grain diameter is (90 nm) at d=4 cm for Id=40 mA and minimum average grain height is(5.5 nm) at the same electrodes separation and discharge current. When the temperature of electron increased, the values of average grain diameter increased while the values of average grain height decreased

The nucleon momentum distributions and elastic electron scattering form factors of the ground state for some 1f-2pshell nuclei, such as 54Fe, 56Fe and 58Feisotopes, have been studied utilizing the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model formulated by means ofthe fluctuation function (weight function). The fluctuation function has been connected to the nucleon density distribution of the nuclei and obtained from the theory and experiment. The feature of the long-tail behavior at high momentum region of the nucleon momentum distributions has been determined by both the theoretical and experimental fluctuation functions. The calculated elastic electron scattering form factors for considered isotopes are in a good agreement with those of experimental data throughout all values of momentum transfer q

The production of a reliable joint between alumina composite and kovar alloy by brazing technique using an active filler foil consist of (Ag 70%wt., Cu 28%wt., and Ti 2%wt.). Decontamination processes were achieved over all research specimens. Wetting and bonding behavior were attempted at different condition. Active filler is well brazed with the kovar alloy where the Young angle is (33), while poor wettable achievement appear on the ceramics surfaces where the values of Young angle are between (70) to (80). Good bonding obtained with the assembly of (K / 2a / AZ15) where the optimum bonding strength obtained is (90 Mpa), and the fracture occurred from the ceramic and ceramic –filler interface. New structural phases are established at the interlayer of bonded area when subjected to the XRD technique. The new phases enhancement the bonding strength of the kovar bonded alumina composite. The fractured area was subjected to the test of SEM technique then notice the active filler was diffused into alumina composite. This phenomenon gives indicate that the reliable joint was due to the diffusivity of active filler into alumina composite and then enhanced the joint strength.

Porous silicon were constructed electrochemically with variousformationtimes (5, 10, 15 and 20) min with current density 20mA/cm2on p-type silicon. The influence of formation time on the structural and morphological properties have been presented by using SEM and optical microscopy. The SEM analysis was showed that theporous silicon layer has a uniform structure and this structure varied with increasing the etching time. The optical microscope was carried out to study the thickness, the pore diameter and etching rate of porous silicon layer, we have found the porous silicon thicknessis accretionwith excess the formation time and pores diameter increased also. The etching rate was found to increase from 1.25 to 1.53 μm/min.The electrical properties of PSi samples which represented by I-V characterization under dark show that when the etching time increased the current which pass through the layer of porous silicon decreased because of increasing the resistivity of PSi surface. From I-V charecteristicsPSi layer showa good rectification and high responsivity for visible and near IR region

The PCR-based technique of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to characterize and assess the genetic relatedness of eight Trichoderma harzianum isolates. Genomic DNA of each species was extracted at a final concentration of 400 -600 μg / 2-3 g of wet mycelium and at a purity of 1.6-1.8. Each DNA sample was amplified with each of 15 primers and the products were resolved electrophoretic allyon 1.2% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under UV. Six primers failed to support amplification while the remaining nine primers produced a total of 128 main bands (11-20 per primer) across the eight isolates. Of these bands, 120 (9-19 per primer) were polymorphic. The least efficient primer was OPY-19 (8.59), while the most efficient one was OP-B14 (15.63%). Primer OP-Y19 had the lowest (7.5%) discriminatory power while primer OP-B14 had the highest (15.8%). RAPD analysis fingerprinted six of the eight isolates through unique bands with one or more of the 9 primers. Cluster analysis based on the genetic distances split the eight isolates into two major group genotypes

This study addressed the effect of toxoplasmosis on levels of thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine [T3], Thyroxine [T4] and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH], and lipid profile such as (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoprotein[HDL], Low-Density Lipoprotein[LDL] and very Low -Density Lipoprotein[vLDL] in 100 samples which included 80 aborted women, who had positive test for toxoplasmosis and 20 samples act as control group during the period from August 2015 to January 2016 which were taken from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City. Infected and control women had similar age that ranged between (17-47) years old. Serum samples were collected and tested by ELISA technique, lipid profile tests were performed by using commercial kits, in addition to measured thyroid hormones by using the MiniVidus apparatus. The results revealed chronic infection[IgG] recorded the highest percentage (68.75%) and the acute infection[IgM] showed the lowest percentage (31.25%). There were significant decrease in the total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and vLDL(110.96±1.55, 30.93±0.56, 41.38 ±1.55 & 6.40 ±0.18 mg/dl respectively) compared with control group(200.05 ±5.83, 56.05 ±1.98, 142.85±2.05 & 36.90±1.24 mg/dl respectively). On the other hand, a significant increase in HDL, T3 and TSH was recorded (64.51±1.27 mg/dl, 12.74 ±0.53 and 11.64±0.58 mlU/L respectively) compared with control group (53.45±1.57 mg/dl, 1.49 ±0.16 & 2.29 ±0.25 mlU/L respectively). A significant decline in T4 was estimated (2.81±0.12 mlU/L) compared with control group (8.35±0.80 mlU/L). So, we concluded that the Toxoplasma gondiihad important role in changes of lipid profile levels & thyroid hormones in infected women

Collection, preservation and analysis of body fluids are important aspect of forensic science. Isolated DNA from saliva has become an attractive alternative to the use of blood-derived DNA in performance characteristics. The objectives of this study were todetermine the suitability of saliva for DNA profiling analysisand compare blood and saliva as biological source in the performance characteristics. Saliva and buccal swab (as the reference source of genomic DNA) samples were collected from 7 healthy volunteers. The saliva samples were taken with different volumes (100, 200, 300, 400) μl of whole saliva. On the other hand, blood and saliva samples were collected from 25 healthy volunteers in a comparative study. Extraction of DNA was done by Phenol Chloroform method. The results showed difference in the mean DNA concentration which was quantified by using Real-Time PCR from various volumes of saliva samples (100, 200, 300, 400) μl recording (1.23, 2.21, 3.40, 8.24) ng /μlrespectively. The mean allele’s percentage of 15 STR loci that appeared in profile of different volumes mentioned above were (73.3, 83.7, 89.5, 99.04)% respectively. The mean DNA concentration and the purity from saliva and blood samples were measured by using nonadrop spectrophotometer recording (10.736, 51.164) ng/ μl (1.64, 1.72)respectively. It is concluded that, saliva samples can be taken at different volumes in the field of criminal research instead of the traditional a way of taking blood samples

Previous studies on human and animals demonstrated that many of chemicals components of petroleum can affect the liver function. The present study investigated and evaluated the hepatotoxic effects of petroleum fumes and the changes in liver biochemical functions resulted from exposuretopetrol and their derivatives by measuring the changes of liver enzymes and total serum bilirubin in 18 petrol workers station attendant in Basrah, Iraq. A corresponding 18healthy subjects were used as controls.Biochemical analyses on theserum samples were done after samples collection.Results are time exposure dependent. Our results showed the presence of a significant increase inthelevel ofGlutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GOT), Glutamic-oxaloacetictransaminase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase ALP and they related to the timeof exposure to petroleum products especially for 3-6 years, and for 6-10 years, p value was p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.001 respectively. Total serum bilirubinTSB for those workers which were exposed to petrol from six to ten years were also showed a significantly higher than the control. These effects may be directly related to time of exposure. The study suggests that long term inhalation of petrol fumes is associated with adverse effect on liver function.

Cysts from the liver of hydatidosis infected sheep were obtained from a local abattoir, live protoscolices were prepared by using of Kreb's Ringer solution plus Hydatid Cyst Fluid (4:1) and exposed to selected protoscolicidal agents(Mebendazole 5%, Cetrimide 0.15%, and Formaline 2%)in vitro, survival times of protoscolices in the presence of chemicals was used as a criterion of protoscolicidal agents activity by using eosin stain. After treatment it was concluded that all the treated protoscolices of the study were completely killed with Mebendazole 5% and Cetrimide 0.15% at 5 minutes of exposure, while Formaline 2% did not cause complete killing even at 15 min of exposure. furthermore the results of in vivopart of this study showed that all thetreated scolices in vitropart were completely killed and did not cause hydatidosis up to 90 days post infection in laboratory albino mice

Cone metric spaces may be considered as a generalization of determinist metric spaces or fuzzy metric spaces. In this paper, we will construct fuzzy cone metric space using different approaches, which is based on the definition of fuzzy points, and then study different types of compact subsets of such spaces, as well as, the relationship among them