Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Study aims to identify the level of electronic betrayal on social media and its impact on the consistency of marital relations from the view point of married workers in Directorate of Education Al-Rusafa One, Baghdad Province: Face book as a model. The study uses the descriptive method. The sample of the paper consists of 250 male / female married employees. The researcher uses two questionnaires to achieve the objectives of the present paper. The first is for electronic betrayal; the second is to measure of the consistency of marital relations. The researcher also uses the following statistical means to verify the results of the research which are: recurrence, percentage, T-test of two independent samples, Person and Piseryal correlation coefficient, arithmetic mean, hypothetical mean and standard deviation. The results show that the employees are characterized by a middle level of electronic betrayal. The results also show that there are differences between male and female according to betrayal scale in favor of males. Likewise, the results show that the sample is characterized by a middle level of consistent emotional relations in favor of females. There is also an indicative opposite relation which means as long as the electronic betrayal increases, the emotional marital relation consistency decreases. The present paper recommends that the use of social media should be according social and ethnic constraints. The necessity to rationalize the modern communication means especially the internet in order not to be a matter of addiction.

The study aimed to investigate the degree of application of the concept of smart learning schools in Salfit government schools and its obstacles from teachers' perspectives, it also aimed to detect whether there are differences in the degree of application of the concept of smart learning schools due to variables (Gender, experience, educational qualification, and specialization), The study sample consisted of (78) teachers, The researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of five areas related to school management and potential, and classroom management, and calendar or constraints, Composed of (53) paragraphs. To answer the study questions and hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive method, the results of the study showed that the degree of application of the concept of smart school was moderate, The results also showed that there were no differences in the degree of application of the concept of smart learning schools due to the sex variable, There were differences in the areas of school management and the potential and constraints in favor of females. The most important recommendations were the need to develop the necessary infrastructure to implement the idea of smart schools and the need to involve the community in the application of this concept.

Through a long time, theories and researches have been varied to be able to read different events and human scenes in various readings. There were important sides in life, like: Art, education, history and other subjects that come in line with to identify the patterns of these researches, theories and visions or they may be the pioneer in the discovery of such patterns and they may play the role of writer or critic. On the threshold of historical and temporal eras the so called modern critical methods emerged that are the visions and plans which look for, analyze, interpret and discuss the implications and connotations which reflect the view of their supporters and founders. There for, the importance of this study came by the researchers and scholars especially the post-graduate students who are specialized Art, Arts and Art education to identify these methods closely.

The research begins with a question about why the Qur'anic miracle differs from the previous sensory divine miracles by observing the polytheists and unbelievers to inflict a sensual miracle seen as the miracles of the previous prophets. Moses (p) down to the seventh century AD with the miracle of the last Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a cultural reading of the most prominent cultural patterns of human nature to reach cultural completion and maturity, and tools of the cultural curriculum that asks time and its changing nature Insulting human perception and the physical factors, the biology that characterized (Homo sapiens Homo sapiens) from others, the culture of intentional nature in the advancement of the human species, and the language / thought that evolved as I referred to the evolution of the human species, the research ends with reference to the complete beginning of the last civilized human with Quranic man).

The research aimed at studying gullibility and its relationship to social intelligence in university students, and gullibility is the tendency for a person to be drugged or manipulated by one or more of the deceptive means of other people . And social intelligence is the kind of intelligence that an individual pleads with in his dealings with other people, and in practicing social relations. The gullibility scale was built according to the cognitive perspective, which included most of the gullibility theories reviewed in the theoretical framework chapter. As for measuring social intelligence, the Abu Amsha scale (2013) was adopted . The following steps were performed on the two measures : Face validity , Discrimination , internal consistency (the relationship of the Item to the sum total), discriminatory validity, Reliability in the Alpha Cronbach method. The results showed the following , that university students do not enjoy a high level of gullibility , that is, it is present moderately. There is no significant difference in gullibility according to specialization, and also there is no difference according to gender. Also, university students enjoy a high level of social intelligence. There is no significant difference in social intelligence by specialization, and there is no difference by gender. As for the relationship, it was weak between gullibility and social intelligence in the research sample. The research came out with many recommendations and proposals.

The perspective of the Quran and Sunnah for the professional and craft work.
This study aimed at demonstrating the Islamic educational perspective of professional work. Moreover, it aimed at highlighting the attitude of the Quran and Sunnah towards the professional and craft work, explaining its status, formulating the vision of the Muslim community of these professions and crafts according to the Quranic vision as well as showing the permissibility of them through Islamic guidance, practical educational incentives, following the example of Prophets, Messengers and good scholars who practiced professional and craft work themselves and set a great example for people in work, production and earning their living straight so as not to live off others. This Quranic vision explains the relationship of professional work and how closely it is connected to obedience as well as the impact of the professional work on life in general. It also reinforces the value system that organizes life and reinforces the positive perspective towards professions and crafts because the value of man is measured only through his religious commitment and not his job. Therefore, this positive perspective for professional work reinforces individuals’ attitude to professional and craft work away from that negative perception of professions and crafts.

Al-Gharnati has the advantage of being classified as cosmos, Geography in its broadest sense, And Abu Hamed is notes that he saw during his trips around the countries, Rather it describes the precise description of the countries staring their borders, their populate on, and all information about them. As well as the wonders and legends of countries Abu Hamid was geographic, marvelous, and traveler.

Diverse figurers in religious-mythical culture have a very valuable and important status among poets. In fact, poets have interacted with such figures in various ways because they are technical references for fertilizing and enriching with modern themes, and fill qasidas with artistic, figurative, and literary themes. Gulf poet Muhammed Abdullah al-Bariki is one of the contemporary poets who has used such figures extensively to foster the secondary implications (figurative meanings) and themes relevant to contemporary cultural figures related to poet's era. The present study aims to examine cultural, religious, and historical characters in the of al-Beriki’s poetry, based on a descriptive-analytical basis for decoding those figures and revealing their secondary meanings and implications. These figures are in many cases identical to the poet's personality, reflecting the poet's own experiences. The poet's use of these figures is sometimes technical and their implications sometimes superficial to the use of secondary meanings relevant to the poet’s era.

The study examined the relationship between the growth and distribution of land uses and the topographical characteristics in the city of Al- Haklaniya by relying on a series of geomorphological indicators affecting urban growth and sustainability by deriving the extent of the city's growth over the geomorphological units. The geomorphological indicators showed the lack of symmetry in the growth and distribution of Land uses on the geomorphological units, and the urban indicators showed that kin relation had a significant role in the growth and distribution of land uses.
The relation between the growth and distribution of land uses in the town of Al- Haklaniyahas bean investigated as well as the effect of the topographical characteristics on the uses of the residential, industrial, commercial and service lands has also been analyzed.

The research revolves around the ideas of anarchist philosophy in political Authority and governance in general.The most prominent anarchists are Bakunin, proudhon, Kruptkin,etc.They sacrificed everything in their lives in order to obtain freedom. Because they saw that every authority,whatever it is, is a suppression of freedom which requires resistance.Their style was revolutionary violence against the symbols of authorities.Any authority, although originating from the election,serves only the interests of the exploited minority at the expense of the interests of the enslaved majority.

The research shows the reality of forced displacement in Libyan society during the period from 2011-2019, and the statement of the problems and the effects and challenges arising from forced displacements, and the reliance on diagnostics and analysis on the sociological approach, see that forced displacements occur in Libyan society for some tribes and regions, which is a disciplinary or punitive means in order to preserve interests or gains, or to eliminate competitors or adversaries, as it was and continues to be a tool of hegemony and the imposition of interests, as indicated by the research that the success of the return of displaced persons will depend on the extent of the existence of A community environment that is stimulating and supportive of accepting remedies for forced displacements, and the need to build and strengthen the force of law through a strong government that is able to build strong state institutions, and be able to enforce the law, and protect freedoms, is a major challenge to the continuing Forced displacement in Libya is the absence of a strong authority, capable of enforcing the force of law.

This paper is an attempt to show the influence of one minute strategy as well as the developed Jecso in developing student's skills in Kurdish Department in grammar. This paper is concerned with third year students in the morning classes- Kurdish Department at College of Education (Ibn Rushd) for human sciences for the academic year 2016-2017. The sample consists of (91) male and female students divided into two groups (30) students for both experimental groups, and (31) male and female students in the controlling group. The researcher conducted an equivalent in a number of variables. The researcher conducted an achievement test and deductive thinking test applied on the three groups of the test. The results showed that the two experimental groups have excelled on the control group in the achievement test and the deductive thinking test.

The interest in handicapped people has increased in general after the world organizations of United Nations Issued several regulations and legislations concerning the care and rehabilitation of the handicapped in different ages in order to incorporate them in their societies and alter them from dependent on the society to productive people and active people .This study comes to help this social class of by shedding light on the problems of the diabetics handicapped. The objective of this study is to discuss these problems diagnosing them and introduces the required solutions to limit these problems and reduce their burdens on the handicapped .This study depends on the method of social survey .To achieve the objectives of this study the researcher collects a sample of 50 diabetics handicapped in the Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Natural Treatment in Sadr Alqanat quarter and Institute of Medical Technology in Bab Almudham /the Department of Artificial limbs and crutches as well as Hospital of Medicine City ).The data were collected by the questionnaire as well as personal interviews with the subjects in order to obtain the required results .The most important results that are reached by this study are: lack of the required treatment, and the limited movement of the handicapped, moreover, the tensive relation between the handicapped and their families. This study presents several recommendations and suggestions such as removing the sufferings of the handicapped who are in the centers specialized in diabetes and find legal texts that insure the handicapped rights

The interest in handicapped people has increased in general after the world organizations of United Nations Issued several regulations and legislations concerning the care and rehabilitation of the handicapped in different ages in order to incorporate them in their societies and alter them from dependent on the society to productive people and active people .This study comes to help this social class of by shedding light on the problems of the diabetics handicapped. The objective of this study is to discuss these problems diagnosing them and introduces the required solutions to limit these problems and reduce their burdens on the handicapped .This study depends on the method of social survey .To achieve the objectives of this study the researcher collects a sample of 50 diabetics handicapped in the Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Natural Treatment in Sadr Alqanat quarter and Institute of Medical Technology in Bab Almudham /the Department of Artificial limbs and crutches as well as Hospital of Medicine City ).The data were collected by the questionnaire as well as personal interviews with the subjects in order to obtain the required results .The most important results that are reached by this study are: lack of the required treatment, and the limited movement of the handicapped, moreover, the tensive relation between the handicapped and their families. This study presents several recommendations and suggestions such as removing the sufferings of the handicapped who are in the centers specialized in diabetes and find legal texts that insure the handicapped rights

The interest in handicapped people has increased in general after the world organizations of United Nations Issued several regulations and legislations concerning the care and rehabilitation of the handicapped in different ages in order to incorporate them in their societies and alter them from dependent on the society to productive people and active people .This study comes to help this social class of by shedding light on the problems of the diabetics handicapped. The objective of this study is to discuss these problems diagnosing them and introduces the required solutions to limit these problems and reduce their burdens on the handicapped .This study depends on the method of social survey .To achieve the objectives of this study the researcher collects a sample of 50 diabetics handicapped in the Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Natural Treatment in Sadr Alqanat quarter and Institute of Medical Technology in Bab Almudham /the Department of Artificial limbs and crutches as well as Hospital of Medicine City ).The data were collected by the questionnaire as well as personal interviews with the subjects in order to obtain the required results .The most important results that are reached by this study are: lack of the required treatment, and the limited movement of the handicapped, moreover, the tensive relation between the handicapped and their families. This study presents several recommendations and suggestions such as removing the sufferings of the handicapped who are in the centers specialized in diabetes and find legal texts that insure the handicapped rights

The voice had a special place in the writting of the Andalusian poet (Ibn al-Abar ) , which aroused my attention because of the sonic capacity of the lettering inside the poetic at Ibn al-Abar poems . So Istudied the qualities of the lettering , structures and their exits .
Scientists have not been able to determine the musical from the nonmusical sound , but we find the innate ability of Ibn al-Abar , which was able to determine this by using the lettering the right places and to revival the life to reflect the moments of his life , therefore came votes to express his purposes of praise and pride Etc.
The poet Ibn al-Abar could exploit the lettering features in the effect of bilateral – static and moving and its ability to express its inner feeling and surrounding . His poeam came in a variety of praise , yarn , description and lament .Thesound of meaning corresponds to the parts of the poem and its cafia , which truly expressed the peot,s surrounding and sensations .

The poet's collection (White Snow With a Black Braid)shows self unity in a world full of fragility, emptiness and loss of communication. The poet used visual or audio photography to show this scene in life, so he focused on the elements of the image and the core of its composition via activating light and shadow and the penetration of white to the black space in life. The poet chose the black and white colors as a visual space in which events take place in time and place.
Visual photography means the use of photography technology in poetry and how the poet's eye was the first lens that shot the surrounding objects with a photograph formed by words, depending on the techniques of photography and metaphor-based language , including the common image that depends highly on analogy .The techniques of photography in the text include the choice of photography, speed, images, shadow and colors in the shot .In poetry, photography is associated with the pictorial poetic language in the presentation.

For years, most of the known Iraqi cafes were male-dependent in the service of their customers. And the precence of a woman im any café raised more than a question mark, because of the nature of Iraqi society that reserved women’s work in men’s fields. Today, however, the situation has changed with the presence of women, most of whom are underage, and that has angered many. The number of cafes and cafeterias increased in Baghdad where they offer a variety of juices, drinks, shisha, and some snacks. From the other side, the phenomenon of young girls working in bars has increased, most of whom are so young and attracting customers who may lavish them with tipping and make more money for the coffee shop owner. The owners of modern cafes are keen to employ young women of good looks to serve the customers.

The importance of this research in the development of performance of teachers of art education in the intermediate stage and update their preparation programs more effectively, and through this study determine the skills required for teachers and the level of importance in the development of their performance professionally and scientifically and their progress towards a better future to achieve an effective level. Accordingly, the research community was determined, which consisted of the middle schools for girls of the General Directorate of Education Baghdad Rusafa / third, and the size of the sample of female teachers in these schools (68) schools, which constitutes 88.31% of the total community of female teachers. As for the research tool, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach. In order to verify the results of the research, the researcher used the following statistical methods: - Weighted mean, percentage weight, Pearson correlation coefficient, T test, analysis of variance. The most important results are: Some of the skill competencies of the research sample achieved a high degree in the level of verification, and according to the fields set.

The province of Basra is particularly of great importance politically and economically because it is the pillar of cultural interaction with the countries of the world and that the search for ways to develop and keep pace with the advancement of trade must be given a priority and attention simply because Basra constitutes the main outlet that overlooks the outside world and through which the process of cultural interaction is achieved. It is located in the middle of the largest oil region in the world. Although the region has witnessed political, military and economic events for more than two decades now, Basra has emerged and developed due to its distinctive geographical location that overlooks on the Arabian Gulf which is the main waterway for Iraq. Away from its economical importance, Basra has a vast oil wealth in terms of reserves and production as oil is considered an important economic resource for the world in general and Iraq in particular. Therefore the researcher has chosen subject titled "A study in geo-political", due to the fact that Basra enjoys a substantial oil wealth which plays a significant role in supporting the Iraqi economy and solving political problems.

District of Qazaniya is located to the southeast of Diyala governorate along the Iraqi-Iranian borders. It depends on groundwater wells because the lack of surface water sources. So a large number of these wells have been drilled to compensate for the shortage of water. These wells are affected by many natural factors in the study area. These wells were concentrated in the alluvial fans areas, whose sediments help give a great opportunity for the process of filtration of water in to the ground to become an important source of groundwater in the region.
These chopper functions, which are100 m thick near Mandali and 65 m near Badra, were formed by the action of topography, as the area suddenly descends from the Iranian side towards the study area. This large slope makes the large valleys (Harran, Muwailih, Al- Hizam , Leima , Tahlou , Al-Mualla, Tarsak , Siyabeh , Sushrin (that coming from Iran which feeds the area with rainwater to groundwater to throw their loads of sediment in the form of choppers along the Iraqi-Iranian borders, and with the help of the natural vegetation in the area that limits the speed of water that penetrates a large quantities. into the soil to feed the reservoirs For groundwater in the region.
The geological column of the wells of the study area consists mainly of gravel, sand, silt and mud with the presence of gypsum. The water of these wells are used in multiple domestic, agricultural and industrial usege.

This paper purports to explore aspects of implied meaning carried out through the vehicle of oxymoron, which is a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contradictory words (or strings of words) in order to point to a curious fact or a beguiling statement. The different types of oxymoron are studied in this paper in accordance with a pragmatic approach that, though taking into consideration the theoretical implications of oxymoron, is primarily interested in practical aspects of the investigation. Grice’s maxims are taken as a point of departure to guide the discussion of both generalized implicature and particularized implicature.
The paper analyzes the different instances of oxymoron present in Alfred Tennyson's “Lancelot and Elaine.” After the meaning and significance of each instance are explored, the paper studies the ways in which Tennyson used oxymoron in order to create and maintain a figurative framework for his poem. The paper shows that Tennyson’s elaborate use of oxymoron allowed him to deploy further figures of speech in order to relay the dramatic atmosphere of the poem. Finally, the paper concludes that Tennyson’s disobeying of Grice’s maxims led to the production of new implicated meaning.

The insurance company (or the insurer) like many other commercial organizations, needs persuasion for the sake of convincing the customers to buy his insurance products. The insurer uses many persuasive strategies through many platforms to persuade people to market his products.
The current study aims to analyze the primary persuasive strategies that are used by AIG in facebook profile in order to specify the most effective strategies used by the American insurers, and to suggest the most suitable strategies to the Iraqi insurers. The present study hypothesizes that the persuaders use more than one strategy together to achieve their goals, and the American insurers focus on the persuasive strategies that show the insurance significance.
This study analyzes nine samples by using the model suggested by Sabah (2019). It results in: the strategies are classified into three main types: primary, secondary and tertiary strategies and the ladder of the primary strategies suggested to Iraqi insurers (where there is no insurance awareness) is power, highlight benefits, context, character and emotions based on that of the American insurers: character, emotions, context, highlight benefits and power (where people have awareness of insurance).

The present study is an attempt to shed light on the term 'juncture' in the English Language. The study is theoretically and practically oriented. The problem lies in the fact that Iraq EFL college students may face difficulty in their recognition in continuous speech, the sequences of words uttered without conventional spaces between them. The listener in general and EFL college students in particular how they are understood what the speaker said for instance, I scream and ice cream?
In this study, the researcher tries to explain how the phonetics cues which help the listeners to understand the difference between the utterances that they have the same phonetic transcription and how the phonetic cues signaling the boundaries between words in connected speech .? The hypotheses of the study (1)The EFL college students can recognize the two similar utterances in connect speech when they listened to them. (2) the EFL college students are not able to recognize the two similar utterances in connected speech.
The results show that the first hypothesis is refuted, that the Iraqi EFL College students do face difficulty in discrimination of two identical phonetic transcriptions. The second hypothesis is verified that EFL college students do not aware of how to use phonetics cues.
In the light of the conclusions arrived at, several pedagogical recommendations and suggestions for teaching English as a foreign language have been made

Chronic pain acceptance is developing as a vital concept to understand ways that chronic pain patients can remain engaged with valued parts of life. If patients find their pain inacceptable, they will likely work to avoid it at all costs and readily seek to reduce or eliminate it. Such measures may not be of best interest when they require no pain reduction and many missed opportunities to work more effectively and productively.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of chronic pain acceptance among individuals who suffering chronic disease as well as to identify the differences in chronic pain acceptance due to gender and age. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the extent to which social support (family, friends, and government organizations) contribute to predict the acceptance of chronic pain in patients with chronic diseases.
The researchers selected a random sample consisted of (254) (104 males, 150 females) patients, their age ranged between (20-60) year were participated in this study. Two measurement tools have been used; chronic pain acceptance questioner (CPAQ) and social support scale.
The results showed that females were reported higher level of chronic pain acceptance than male. In addition, the results found a statistically significant positive correlation between a type of social support (family, friends, and government) and acceptance of chronic pain. To measure the contribution of social support sources to the acceptance of pain, the results showed that all sources of social support (family, friends and government) contributed to the acceptance of pain, but the support of friends was the highest contribution to the acceptance of pain.

The eventual attacks of 9/11in America, on The World Trade Center at Ground Zero, had changed the world and brought disastrous problems to a lot of civilians. Many people lost their lives; others were traumatized and suffered a disordered life. The disastrous event revealed the hidden aspects of the States and its assistants-the soldiers and copes. Studying the relationship between the psyche of individuals and their outside world is the core of this paper. The project investigates the reasons behind acting out trauma and its impact on individuals and society. The sociocultural approach applied helps in examining the behavior of the individuals through their reactions to the event of 9/11. Ken Kalfus's A Disorder Peculiar to the Country (2007), is analyzed according to the psychologist, Cathy Caruth's trauma theory and the sociologist, Kia Erikson's theory of cultural trauma. The novel deals with both kinds of trauma; psychic and cultural. It examines the behavior of the traumatized couple, Marshall and Joyce, lived a rather miserable and too hard and harsh life because of terrorism. They finally separate from each other uncaring about their two children - Viola and Victor

The eventual attacks of 9/11in America, on The World Trade Center at Ground Zero, had changed the world and brought disastrous problems to a lot of civilians. Many people lost their lives; others were traumatized and suffered a disordered life. The disastrous event revealed the hidden aspects of the States and its assistants-the soldiers and copes. Studying the relationship between the psyche of individuals and their outside world is the core of this paper. The project investigates the reasons behind acting out trauma and its impact on individuals and society. The sociocultural approach applied helps in examining the behavior of the individuals through their reactions to the event of 9/11. Ken Kalfus's A Disorder Peculiar to the Country (2007), is analyzed according to the psychologist, Cathy Caruth's trauma theory and the sociologist, Kia Erikson's theory of cultural trauma. The novel deals with both kinds of trauma; psychic and cultural. It examines the behavior of the traumatized couple, Marshall and Joyce, lived a rather miserable and too hard and harsh life because of terrorism. They finally separate from each other uncaring about their two children - Viola and Victor

The present study highlights the importance of using running dictation technique in teaching the textbook's songs at the primary schools. Running dictation technique is a classroom activity where the pupils are moving around and working together as groups to handle dictation and raise enjoyment at the same time. This study is an experimental one in which forty eight pupils is taught the textbook's songs by using running dictation technique. The present study aims at finding out the effect of applying this technique on primary pupils' spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary retention. To achieve this aim, the researcher has used three achievement tests as measurement tools. They are spelling test, pronunciation test and vocabulary worksheet in addition to the daily observation-test formula for two independent samples has been used to apply the data analysis technique.The sample of the study is forty pupils from AL-Aduaa primary school in Diyala Governoate . The results of this study reveal that there is a positive effect of using running dictation technique on the three aforementioned variables. They also reveal that the pupils at the primary level can gain much motivation towards learning songs by using running dictation technique.

The study hypothesizes the ability of a relative unit to participate in the consciousness of a native speaker of a certain meaning. The new cultural paradigm of universal visualization and virtualization predicts the dynamic meaning of modern media text, a meaning that reflects new technological realities. Not only new words, but also new grammatical units become this dynamic meaning markers. The argumentation of the hypothesis is based on the example of the expanding context of prepositional-case forms of nouns telephone, TV and computer.

The contractor should construct the intended goods or object according to the contract and deliver it to the employer. The contractor’s commitments include performing the action or the construction of the product, submitting the constructed product to the employer, and being responsible for it after submission. The main obligations of the contractor are the performance of the action and the construction of the intended object according to the content of the contract. In this article, the contractor’ commitments in the Law of Egypt and some other Arabian countries along with the General Conditions of Contract in Iran will be investigated.