Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

In the present study, nitrogen doped TiO2(N-TiO2) has been synthesized by simple sol-gel technique. The light absorption property and morphology of the N-TiO2 were characterized by Diffused Reflectance UV-VIS spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a clear shift in the light absorption from UV region (380) to visible region (410 nm). SEM results showed the morphology was changed after doping process compared with the pure anatase TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the photo decolorization ofthe Methyl Orange which was used as a pollutant model in this study under visible light irradiation. The main operational parameters, namely, initial pollutant concentration, doped photocatalyst loading, pH of photocatalysis solution and visible light intensity on the rate of photocatalytic decolorization. The results show that N doping induced the enhancement of photocatalytic decolorization. Methyl orange removal efficiency results at optimum experimental conditions have revealed more than 98% degradation after 60 minutes of illumination

Theorganiccompounds(L1–L7)havebeensynthesizedbymicrowaveandinvestigatedbydifferentphysicochemicaltechniques.TheresultingoftheligandswerecharacterizedbyFTIR,UV/visibleelectronicspectra.TheSchiffbasemaybeactsasbidentate,tridentateorteradentateligand,coordinatedthroughdeprotonatedoxygenor/andazomethinenitrogenatom.Theligandswereassayedforantibacterialactivityagainstsomepathogenicbacteria:Staphylococcusaureus(grampositive),and Pseudomonasaeruginosa (gramnegative),usingpaperdiscmethodandplacingtheligandsonsurfaceatnutrientagar.TheresultsshowthattheL2andL3havehigheractivitiesratherthanotherinbothlowerandhigherconcentrationsagainstbothkindofbacteriaPseudomonasaeruginosarespectively

Pyridinium chloride derivatives, namely: 1-benzyl-4-(2-cyclohexylidenehydrazinecarbonyl)
pyridinium chloride, C1; 1-benzyl-4-(2-(1-phenylethylidene) hydrazinecarbonyl) pyridinium
chloride, C2; 1-benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethylene)hydrazinecarbonyl) pyridinium chloride, C3, were
prepared and studied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M H2SO4 aqueous solution using
weighting loss measurements for 24 hours at 30oC. The results showed that inhibition efficiency for
all pyridinium chloride derivatives have rapprochement in value with the highest concentration.
Increasing in inhibitor concentration accompanies with corrosion rate decreases, inhibition
efficiencies increase and surface coverage degree increases. The free energy values of adsorption
revealed physisorption effect for (C1, C2, and C3) and gave useful information to predict the
interaction between the surface of metal and the organic molecules as corrosion inhibitors

New, simple and sensitive batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods for the
determination of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) in pharmaceutical preparations were developed. These
methods were based on diazotization-coupling reaction between diazotized o-nitroanline (DONA)
and DCH in sodium carbonate medium to form yellow-orange colored azo dye product has a
maximum absorbance at 448 nm. Calibration graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that
Beerʼs law were obeyed over the concentration ranges 0.4-52, 5-200 µg mL-1
of DCH, with limit of
detection of 0.284, 1.117 µg mL-1
of DCH for batch and flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure
respectively, and sample throughput was 171 h-1
for FIA method. All chemical and physical
conditions affected on the developed colored product were carefully studied and the proposed
methods were successfully applied for the determination of doxycycline in its pharmaceutical
preparations

AcrosssectionalstudywasdesignedtoassessthecorrelationofLH,FSHandHbA1clevelsinpatientswithandwithoutDMinpremenopausalwomen,andthecorrelationofagewithLHandFSHhormonesindiabeticwomen,usingthedatathatcollected.ItwasconductedinthespecializedcentreforEndocrinologyandDiabetes(SCED)inBaghdadcityfromDecember2013toSeptember2014.Hundred women with type II diabetes(30-49)andhundredhealthywomeninthesameageandBMIascontrolduringthelutealphaseofmenstrualcyclewereenrolled.PatientsassessedforHbA1C,FSHandLHlevels.ResultsshowedthatHbA1c,LHandFSHwerehigherindiabeticpremenopausal women compared with control individuals

The oxidative stress is one of the main cause for cardiovascular diseases and also one of the results of these diseases, its development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between of some oxidative stress markers and cardiovascular diseases.This study involved 84 samples matched ages and sex divided into groups; 28 samples cardiovascular and 28 hypertensive in addition to 28 healthy control group. The following analysis were done: lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and albumin. The results show there is a significant increase in lipid profile between each group and control group. MDA was significantly higher in patients compared to controls whereas no significant difference was found in albumin between patient and control groups. The increase in MDA which is a product of lipid peroxidation is attributed to destruction in body cell caused by free radicals and resulting oxidative stress. It has been concluded that the assessing the lipid ratios is important even in a normal individual as it is one of the factors for development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. There is a positive relation between oxidation results from these diseases and their developments

Two new Schiff bases derived from 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 1,3-phenylene di amine have been prepared and identified by FTIR, UV. Spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The electronic spectra in ethanol, Benzene, dioxane, acetoneand ethyl acetate were measured and interpreted. The metal complexes of these Schiff bases with divalent Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, trivalent Fe have been investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometry in neutral ethanolic solutions. One of these bases namly Bis-3-hydroxybenzaldene -N-N(1,3-phenylenediamine) (C20H16N2O2) was specific ligand to Co(II) as 1:1 propotion in addition to the biological activity and theoretical study using hyperchem program

TheInhibitionofthecorrosionofpurealuminiumin3.5%NaClaqueoussolutionusingampicillinhasbeenstudiedusingpotentiodynamicpolarizationandscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)techniques.Itwasfoundthattheampicillineffectivelyreducesthealuminiumcorrosioninthesalinesolution.Inhibitionefficiency(%IE)isincreasedastheinhibitorconcentrationincreases;ontheotherhand,(%IE)isdecreasedwhenthetemperatureincreases.TheadsorptionofinhibitoronmetalsurfacewasspontaneousandfollowsLangmuiradsorptionisotherm.QuantummechanicalhasbeenaccomplishedusingB3LYP/6-31Gbasissetmethodtoascertainanycorrelationbetweentheinhibitiveeffectandmolecularstructureofampicillin

Filmsofhematite(α-Fe2O3)weredepositedbyusinglaserassistedspraypyrolysistechnique(LASP).Thefilmsweredepositedonheatedsubstrateswithtemperature400̊C,oncewithusinglaserandotherwithoutlaser,Structuralanalysis,usingX-raydiffraction,verifiedthephaseofthefilmsandrevealedthatthefilmshadapolycrystallinestructurecomposedofnano-crystallites.Atomicforcemicroscopyindicatedthatthefilmswhichdepositedbylaserassistedhadsmoothsurfacewithsmallestlateralgrainsizecomparedwiththefilmsdepositedwithoutlaser,wheretheaveragegrainsizeforthefilmdepositedwithoutlaserabout146nm,whiletheaveragegrainsizeforthefilmdepositedwithlaserabout77nm

In this study; physical and mineralogical test were carried out on the Iraqi bauxite mineral in order to assess its suitability for the production of refractory bricks. Two types of additives were used, Iraqi white kaolin as a binding material in ratio 10%, and (micro and nano) zirconiaas additives, synthetic zirconiain ratios of (5, 10, 15, 20) % for the purpose of improving the general characteristics of the Iraqi bauxite bricks. The bricks were formed by semi-dry pressing, with added potassium silicatein ratio 10% as binder material.The formed samples were of cylindrical shape (50×50) mm for diameter and height. The drying process of the samples was carried out at 110 ̊C for 24h, then firing at 1400 ̊C and sokingtime 2h. Physical properties such as microstructure by (SEM) and (XRD) analysis for bricks test were carried out

Non-thermalatmosphericpressureplasmahasemergedasanewpromisingtoolinmedicine.TheeffectivenessofanAtmosphericNonThermalPlasma(ANTP)forclinicalandbiologicalapplicationsarestudied.Theeffortachievedinthisworkincludesadesigningofplasmageneratingsystemandexamineitonsomemedicalandbiologicalparameters.Thedependenciesofdecreasingtheadhesionofbacteriaontheappliedvoltageanddistancehavebeenrecorded.Aseriesofexperimentsrevealthatthiseffectivenessisduetotheabilityofdirectdischargetobringchargestosamplesduetogenerationofsomanymediatorslikereactivenitrogenspeciesandfreeradicals.IncreasingappliedvoltageanddecreasinggapdistanceeffectondecreasingNumbersofbacteriaattachedtoepithelialcellstohalf

The nonlinear optical properties of the laser dye Oxazine doped with polystyrene (OX /PS), Ox/poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Ox/PS-PMMA blend films have been studded. The films deposited by free-casting technique and characterized by Z-scan technique .Z-scan experiment was performed using continuous wave (CW) diode laser at 650 nm at in two parts. The first part was done using a closed-aperture placed in front of the detector to measure the nonlinear refractive index ,with the second part; the aperture in front the detector was removed (open aperture) to measure the nonlinear absorption coefficient. The open-aperture curve exhibits a normalized transmittance (valley), indicating the presence of induced absorption. The observed nonlinearity is found to be of the third order, as it fits to two photon absorption process (TPA). The closed-aperture curve exhibits a peak to valley shape, indicating a negative value of the nonlinear refractive index n2. The effective values of the nonlinear refractive index n2, the nonlinear absorption coefficient β2, real and imaginary parts of the third-order optical nonlinearity, χ(3)for Ox/PMMA-PS films comparatively with that of Ox/PMMA and Ox/PS has much lower transmittance value obtained shows that these films can be used as efficient optical limiters

In this study the boards were fabricated from unsaturated polyester resin reinforced by rice husk and date palm fibers, with the total volume fraction of reinforcement materials was(30%) using different value of filler loading including the ratios (0/30, 5/25, 10/20 15/15, 20/10, 25/5 and 30/0) for volume fraction of date palm fibers/ rice husk, two groups of the hybrid composite were prepared depending on the length of palm fibers, the first group have palm fibers its length 2-3 mm and second group have short fibers its length less than 1mm. The fabricated boards were evaluated for the mechanical properties (tension,compression, flexural, andimpact tests) for all the prepared samples were studied. The results from this work show that all of these properties increase with increased the volume fractionof palm fiber at the expense of the proportion of rice husks in hybrid composite. Decreasing the length offibers from (2-3mm) to micro-sized length (less than 1mm) increased the mechanical properties of flexural strength,maximum shear stress,flexural modulus,and fracture toughness of the prepare composites. Moreover the mechanical properties of the polyester composite reinforced with date palm fibers gave better mechanical properties than the polyester composite reinforced with rice husk

The correlation between the numbers of ultrasounds produced by pups and the different measures of retrieving behavior of their mother was investigated using athymic nude mice (Foxn1n) and their heterozygous thymus-bearing littermates (Foxn1n/Foxn1+) as a models. Significantly higherlatencies of retrieve Foxn1n as compared toFoxn1n/ Foxn1+ pups on 1-pnd (postnatal day) were reported, while no differences on 3-pnd were detected. Many ultrasound vocalization parameters were investigated but the more important results were: 1) While no differences in alone group (every model alone in the cages with their biological mother), significant higher latency of start calling and average call duration of Foxn1n/Foxn1+as compared toFoxn1nin together group (both models together in the same cages) were detected. On the other hand, significant lower latency of start calling of Foxn1npups on 2-pnd in together observed as compared to that in alone group, 2) Higher call numbers and total calling time were detected in Foxn1n/Foxn1+as compared toFoxn1nin together and alone groups on 2-pnd, and 3) While no differences in together group, statistically significant higher medium frequency modulation and bandwidth were reported inFoxn1n/Foxn1+as compared toFoxn1nin alone group on 2-pnd.These results suggested that the maternal retrieving and USV emission of pups may be affected by genotype. The most differences were detected on 1-, 2-pnd but not on more than 3-pnd. These findings could indicate an early communication deficit in nude mice

Cylindrospermopsins (CYN) and saxitoxins (STXs)are neurotoxins produced by a variety species of cyanobacteria. CYN is recognized as one of the most globally important of the freshwater algal toxins. STXs are mostly associated with marine dinoflagellates (eukaryotes) and several species of freshwater cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to provide a rapid toolto detect cylindrosprmopsin and saxitoxin biosynthesis genes in freshwater and bloom. Microscopic identification of the studied samples demonstrated that the prevalent cyanobacteria in samples of freshwater and blooms were Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Aphanizomenon,Chroococcus, Microcystis, CylindrospermopsisandAnabaena. The molecular analysis revealed thataoaC gene was not detected in the freshwater samples at the three studied sites while sxtA was detected at one only. Also, the aaaC and sxtA genes were detected in the bloom at the three studied sites. In conclusion, The PCR technique applied in this paper was found to be useful and rapid test, particularly when the number of the target organism is very low in the freshwater sample

Withania somnifera(L) Dunal popularly known as ‘Ashwagandha’ had been used in folk medicine. Ten grams of leaves powder were used to extract the active substances as water, ethanol, and acetone extracts. The extracts were subjected to chemical analysis to identifythe active components, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Fixed oil was present in ethanol, acetone and water extracts while terpene was absent in water extract, Proteins were not found in acetone extract, Tannins were absent in all types of extracts. HPLC analysis revealed that all types of Withaniaextracts contained two types of Alkaloids (Withanolide-A and Withaferin-A), seven types of Flavonoids (Naringenin, Catechin, Luteolin, Hesperetin, Kaempfero, Apigenin and Naringin) and two types of Saponins (Sitoindosides VII and Sitoindosides VIII) appeared as different peaks in same retention times with standard. Withaniaextracts contained numbers of active group detected by FTIR. Antimicrobial activities for all types of extracts were carried out against different types of bacteria and fungi but only Acetone extract showed antimicrobial activity on the fungus (Trichophyton violaceum). W. somniferaextracts had cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cell line, higher cytotoxic effect in ethanol extract appeared at 120 mg/ml concentration, Water extract was in between and acetone extract was the lowest one

Isolation and identification of the fungi which causes the root rot disease ofCallistemon sp.trees in AL-Alaab city, Al-Zawra garden and Al-Jaderiia in Baghdad provinces reveled diagnosis of the following fungi: Fusarium solani, F.oxysporum, F.moniliiforme, Rhizoctonia solani, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporiun herbarum, Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, Theilaviopsis, Mycelia sterilia, The frequency percentages of the isolated fungi from root and foliar system, in the three locations ranging from 10-60 % and the highest percentages were 60 % forF.solani in AL-Alaab city, 40 % in AL-Jadeeria as compared to other fungi.The percentage of the disease severities were 25, 10.4, 2.1, 0 % for R.solani, F.solani, C.lunata and Control, respectively.The seed germination percentages which treated with F.solani, R.solani, C.lunatawere 20, 20,90 %, respectively, and seedling damping-off percentages were 60, 20 and 10 % for the same fungi respectively and showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among treatments.This is the first record of the disease onCallistemon sp.trees in Iraq

This paper describes a three species food web model with linear functional response and incidence disease. This model consisting of a prey, intermediate predator and top predator where harvesting of top predator species and SIS diseasespread in prey are taken into consideration. The stability analysis of all possible equilibrium points are carried out. We discussed the effect both of harvest and disease on the stability of this model. Finally, we used the numerical simulations to verify the analytical results

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module, the purpose of this paper is to study a new concept, (up to our knowledge), named St-closed submodules. It is stronger than the concept of closed submodules, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called St-closed(briefly N ≤StcM) in M, if it has no proper semi-essential extensions in M, i.e if there exists a submodule K of M such that N is a semi-essential submodule of K then N = K. An ideal I of R is called St-closed if I is an St-closed R-submodule.Various properties of St-closed submodules are considered

Cross-Correlation is widely used to match images. In this work, an attempt is made to study the cross-correlation performance on the TV-satellite images. These images were taken from a channel (Abu Dhabi) broadcasts over three satellites (Arabsat, Hotbird, and Nilesat). The aim of this work is to determine the best quality TV-Satellite images on one satellite and compare it with the other satellites. It has been considered the automatic selected regions based on searching for the region that has minimum standard deviation of luminance (σminL) in the image. The cross-correlation method was computed for the found σminLblock and the block next to it by one pixel. In this method all RGB-L components are calculated. The results indicated that the image on the Nilesat was correlated more thanthe images on the other satellites