AL ARBA'IN

The study deals with the impact of the education brought by our
true Islam and its various means, in achieving and strengthening
voluntary work among the youth in our Iraqi society, taking Zyarat
Al-Arbaeen as a model,that the effective means of education are
one of the characteristics of the prophetic approach, because
of its attitudes, characteristics and goals, all of which serve the
individual, the family and society and enhances volunteer work in
it. It is a culture that indicates the vigilance of human societies and
their sense of the importance of their constructive role towards
their children, and their positive repercussions on building the
nation’s faith and educational effects on values, morals and virtues

The ruling authority in Iraq and through most of its eras has
tried to define the Shiite component in establishing the religious
rituals associated with it, especially the rituals of condolence
on the anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his
companions, peace be upon them. By the ruling authorities, or
they contribute to revealing the methods of existing governments
in cases of discrimination and marginalization, as well as cases
of mass and emotional mobilization that accompany these
rituals, which makes them a fertile environment for the launch of
protests, uprisings, and even revolutions, so they were obscured
or attempted to prevent their occurrence or reduce Number of
visitors in various ways.
Shiite religious references have encouraged the establishment
of religious and Husseini rituals because they could be a means
of spreading religious awareness in popular circles and activating
the religious and sectarian message movement. It seems that this
encouragement does not fall within the intellectual luxury. In
addition to the religious encouragement to it, participation in the
Husseini rituals represents an attempt to draw people’s feelings
to their reality and make participation in ceremonies an effort
to discuss internal and external events, especially political andeconomic events in society, expressing one’s position on it, and
communicating the situation to the public. The authority, directly
or indirectly, criticized the incorrect cases, and thus the Arbaeen
visit of Imam Hussein and his companions (PBUH) became an
occasion for exchanging ideas and learning about the events
taking place in various regions, and thinking about future plans
for reality at all levels.
In general, the restriction by the ruling authorities of the
Husseini rituals, represented by the Arbaeen visit, created a great
state of congestion and anger among an important component of the
Iraqi people, which led them to lack confidence in the successive
governments, which negatively affected their affiliation with the
state in general.

The Husseini Revolution was and still is the biggest reform
revolution, Not only among the followers of the Ahl al-Bayt sect,
(PBUT), but also among the liberals of the whole world, One
of the most important things that contribute to individual and
social reform is building the believer’s personality spiritually and
morally, To be qualified to carry out his legitimate duty towards
his Lord, himself and his society, Ziyart AL-Arbaeen revealed
great connotations and effects. It also emerged as an important
aspect of the manifestations of the greatness of Imam Hussein
(PBUH), his stature and his virtue. Accordingly, the aim of the
current research is to build a tool to measure the psychological
effects resulting from the fortieth visit, and then to know the level
of psychological effects resulting from Ziyart AL- Arbaeen. After
conducting the validity and reliability of this tool, it was applied to
a sample of university students who actually performed the duty
of visiting. After collecting the answers and using appropriate
statistical methods, the results of the research showed that Ziyart
AL-Arbaeen has very important psychological, emotional and
social effects, including a growing sense of friendliness and love for others during Ziyart AL- Arbaeen, as well as a growing sense of
divine giving, mercy and forgiveness from God Almighty among
the visitors after the completion of Ziyart AL- Arbaeen. The study
came out with a set of recommendations and proposals, the most
important of which is working to strengthen the emotional and
psychological dimensions among future generations by adopting
curricula that work to strengthen their relationship with Ahl al-
Bayt (PBUT).

The research aims to stand on the impact of Ziyarte Al-Arbaeen
to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in the development of moral
values achieve environmental sustainability, and achievement of
the research objective has been used questionnaire as a basic tool
for data collection that was employed to test the hypotheses of
the research and distribute (175) questionnaires to the visitors and
Husseiniy Mawakeb (processions: a places where providing the
visitors with different kinds of service for free) extending all the
way to Karbala .
The research reached a number of conclusions, the most
important of which was that the Ziyarte Al-Arbaeen is unique
in providing the ethical dimension in practice and application
to all schools and ethical trends in the history of humanity, and
environmental sustainability is achieved during Ziyarte Al Arbaeen by purchasing of environmentally friendly products,
avoiding throwing waste,respecting environmental cleanliness,
protecing gardens and plants, and reducing electricity energy
consumption

The purpose of Ziyart AL- Arbaeen procession is to show
affection towards Ahlu al-Bayt, to declare preparation to sacrifice
in their cause, to express enmity towards their murderers and
enemies, to distinguish between the supporters of right and wrong,
to draw the true image of Imam Hussein (PBUH) and to deeply
understand the philosophy of the Ashura movement. The Arbaeen
procession has an epistemo-religious capacity, i.e. worship,
sincerity, belief in resurrection, and obedience to the Ahlu al-Bayt,
etc., a moral-educative capacity, such as role modeling, giving
hope, and being tolerant, and a socio-political capacity, such
as political dynamism, fighting against oppression, jihad, and
seeking martyrdom, showing friendship towards the friends of
Ahlu al-Bayt and enmity towards their enemies. This exceptional
opportunity brings numerous lessons for humanity.

The paper presents a brief formulation of “Sociology of Ziyarat
Arbaeen” that includes its main foundations and the most prominent
landmarks and stations contributing to the construction process.
It tries to draw its general framework based on the specifics of
religion, culture, intellectual and identities. This environment
ensures the emergence of science away from projections, avoiding
hybrid results. The importance of the research lies in developing
this science even at its first level, determining the scientific path
that secures the processed science and refines its concepts and
theories. It must be emphasized that what the research presents
is like the first precursors of what the “Sociology of Ziyarat
Arbaeen” can be, and it is capable of development. It reveals a set
of scientific problems, thus pushing the process forward.

Using GIS technology and remote sensing in the preparation
and production of an interactive digital tourism map of the holy
city of Karbala by creating spatial databases and high-resolution
images of the holy province of Karbala to serve visitors to the
Ziyart AL-Arbaeen, peace be upon him. High-resolution maps
downloaded through the Open Street Map program were used to
create layers for the landmarks of the holy city of Karbala and
their area to guide the visitor in all hotels, hospitals, mosques,
shrines, monuments and the best ways to reach the specified
place and use the geotag programTo add pictures of the religious
and historical monuments of the holy city of Karbala, where the
latest technologies in geographic information systems and remote
sensing were used in creating an interactive tourist map that helps
visitors to reach the religious and tourist attractions of the city to
be a guide for visitors to Ziyart AL-Arbaeen, peace be upon him

The current research aims to demonstrate the importance of
environmental planning and environmental sustainability practices
for the millionth visit to the Arbaeen master of martyrs and free
people in the world Imam Abi Abdullah Al-Hussein, peace be
upon him in achieving sustainable development by focusing on the
environmental dimension of it, as the platform of Imam Hussein,
peace be upon him, was and is still the fixed approach and the
straight path to progress in the march of human life in its natural
form, taking into account the rights of future generations through
good dealing with natural resources and harnessing them to serve the human being Without damage to any of its components, this will
not happen without attention to the following elements (biodiversity,
natural resources, environmental pollution harmful to all living
organisms) in addition to attention to contemporary environmental
issues, namely (pollution, water consumption, waste, city planning
and environmental sustainability practices in question .
A current research presents a vision for the management of the holy
shrines of Husseiniya and Abbasiya on the adoption of environmental
sustainability features, which represent a sound and appropriate start
to devote the environmental dimension to all events associated with
the fortieth visit as a fundamental pillar to achieve some or all of the
goals of sustainable development in Iraq and globally and make it a
general culture for the Husseini visitor to make this religious occasion
a success, especially the tireless and continuous efforts made by the
Karbala Center for Studies and Research locally and internationally
in order to promote and introduce the holy city of Karbala and the
cause Husseiniya in general, had resulted in his official invitation
by the management of UNESCO on December 11, 2019, along
with delegations representing (153) countries around the world, to
attend the discussions on the inclusion of (15) A different cultural
practice, as “Ziyart AL-Arbaeent” file prepared by the Center was
unique in that it did not face any objections from the participating
delegations to its inclusion in this annual list, which ended, thanks to
God, by including the file of providing services in Ziyart AL-Arbaeen
on the list of intangible heritage of the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on February 5,
2020.

The climatic conditions are among the most important factors
affecting the tourism movement and the influx of visitors to the
holy governorate of Karbala, as the influencing climate elements
represented by solar radiation, temperatures, winds, rain, relative
humidity, evaporation, as well as dust phenomena have an
influential role in the movement of tourists, Karbala governorate
is characterized by a dry desert climate, as it is characterized
by the presence of most of the climatic, natural and terrestrial
elements suitable for all tourism activities, The research aims to
analyze the climatic data of Karbala station for the period (2010-
2020) to show the extent of the influence of climate elements on
tourism activity and the movement of tourists during the Arbaeen
visit, and to determine the appropriate months for tourism activity
according to the Tourism Climate Index (TCI).

Sustainable adaptive reuse is an effective and beneficial approach
to preserving urban heritage and improving the quality of life in
cities. It is a process of continuity that seeks to reach satisfaction with
the current structural fabric and coexistence with the ecosystem. It
is not limited to heritage conservation only, but is a renewal of the
vitality of the region to meet social, economic and environmental
requirements as this adaptation provides great flexibility to perform
activities to achieve sustainability..
The importance of the research lies in the fact that it creates new
opportunities for residence, commercial and cultural activities, as
well as its positive impact on urban construction by reducing the use of spaces. Adaptive reuse projects can strengthen the bonds between
communities by providing basic living needs and modern coexistence
activities to ensure that buildings reach future generations..
In order to apply the sustainable adaptive reuse process
effectively and usefully, has been visited the holy city of Karbala
as an area for practical study, as the holy city of Karbala is the most
attractive city for crowds, as it is characterized by its great historical
religious value, as well as its urban importance to its residents and
the banditry of its center represented by the presence of the Two
Holy Mosques, as well as the large number of arrivals to it during
important visits, the most important of which is Ziyart AL-Arbaeen,
where the numerical density rises in Karbala city center to become
large numbers that exceed its capacity by nine times around and
between the two mosques.
Accordingly, this study will focus through the adoption of the
inductive approach and descriptive and quantitative analytical
programs to clarify the most important factors and indicators for the
sustainable adaptive reuse of heritage areas in the city of Karbala
and propose sustainable planning treatments with high efficiency
that will reduce the negative effects on visitors during Ziyart ALArbaeen
and achieve the highest possible level of comfort, safety
and easy access to and from the Haramain area.

The concept of “social field” plays a significant role in
interpreting the construction of social relationships. Social
phenomena necessitate a social field that governs their formation.
The sociologist Georges Zimel specifically studies the concept of
the “social field” as a sociological subject. He considers studying
the field as a specific condition for the manifestations of social
interaction, while the field itself is constructed through social
interactions.
Despite its importance in understanding the nature of social
interactions in daily life, this concept has received little attention in
sociological literature. It is crucial to understand the formation of
social interactions within the framework of “social morphology.”
According to this sociological theoretical framework, the rituals
of Ziyart AL-Arbaeen and their nature of formation, as well
as the resulting social interactions, can be explained. Thus, we
present an image of Ziyart AL-Arbaeen that goes beyond the
geographical dimensions of the holy city of Karbala. It extends to
the construction of forms of neighboring relations, communication,
and their role in building a socio-spatial situation. Consequently,
this social field contributes to the cultural revitalization process of
collective memory for future generations amidst the chaos of the
digital world. Social field, Ziyart AL-Arbaeen, Georges Zimel

A research abstract presented to the Seventh International
Scientific Conference for Ziyarte Al-Arba’een
Talking about the Husseini biography and Al-Arba’een March
leads us to talk about the interaction of that eternal global memory
with the various aspects of life, past, present and future, and on all
ideological, social, historical, political, literary and other levels.
Perhaps the last aspect, the literary interaction, is what is intended
in this research. Where the subject of this study revolves around
the influence and impact of the art of story and narration on the
Husseini revolution throughout the ages in general, and on Al-
Arba’een March in particular, with a focus on the aspect of the
Husseini story and novel, whose theme, tools and elements are
inspired by this most prominent global event.
The research consists of an introduction, two chapters, and a
conclusion. The introduction deals with a brief presentation of
the novel in general, its components and developments through
ages until its entry into modern Arabic literature, and the role
of the Husseini biography and then Al-Arba’een March in this
development. The introduction shows the importance of the topic; which is discusses the literary and human richness that
the Husseini revolution and Al-Arba’een March presented to the
world of novel, and it deals with the study methodology, that is,
the descriptive historical method, and presents the problematic
that can be summarized in the following two questions:
How does the development and interaction of the story and
social historical novel emerge with the Husseini revolution in
terms of subject matter and method of treatment?
What is the role of Al-Arba’een March, with its social and
ideological data, in the present and future of the Husseini story?
The two chapters deal with the two issues and deal them under
the following two headings:
The first chapter: The Husseini story and novel between theory
and practice.
The second chapter: the role of Al-Arba’een March in the
development of the Husseini novel.
The research ends with a conclusion that gathers its threads and
presents the results on the prosperity of the Husseini novel and its
promising future.